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---
datasets:
- tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb
language:
- en
inference: false
license: apache-2.0
---
# Falcon-RW-1B
**Falcon-RW-1B is a 1B parameters causal decoder-only model built by [TII](https://www.tii.ae) and trained on 350B tokens of [RefinedWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb). It is made available under the Apache 2.0 license.**
See the 📓 [paper on arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116) for more details.
RefinedWeb is a high-quality web dataset built by leveraging stringent filtering and large-scale deduplication. Falcon-RW-1B, trained on RefinedWeb only, matches or outperforms comparable models trained on curated data.
⚠️ Falcon is now available as a core model in the `transformers` library! To use the in-library version, please install the latest version of `transformers` with `pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git`, then simply remove the `trust_remote_code=True` argument from `from_pretrained()`.
⚠️ This model is intended for use as a **research artifact**, to study the influence of training on web data alone. **If you are interested in state-of-the-art models, we recommend using Falcon-[7B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b)/[40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b), both trained on >1,000 billion tokens.**
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import transformers
import torch
model = "tiiuae/falcon-rw-1b"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model)
pipeline = transformers.pipeline(
"text-generation",
model=model,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
device_map="auto",
)
sequences = pipeline(
"Girafatron is obsessed with giraffes, the most glorious animal on the face of this Earth. Giraftron believes all other animals are irrelevant when compared to the glorious majesty of the giraffe.\nDaniel: Hello, Girafatron!\nGirafatron:",
max_length=200,
do_sample=True,
top_k=10,
num_return_sequences=1,
eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
)
for seq in sequences:
print(f"Result: {seq['generated_text']}")
```
💥 **Falcon LLMs require PyTorch 2.0 for use with `transformers`!**
# Model Card for Falcon-RW-1B
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Developed by:** [https://www.tii.ae](https://www.tii.ae);
- **Model type:** Causal decoder-only;
- **Language(s) (NLP):** English;
- **License:** Apache 2.0.
### Model Source
- **Paper:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116).
## Uses
### Direct Use
Research on large language models, specifically the influence of adequately filtered and deduplicated web data on the properties of large language models (fairness, safety, limitations, capabilities, etc.).
### Out-of-Scope Use
Production use without adequate assessment of risks and mitigation; any use cases which may be considered irresponsible or harmful.
Broadly speaking, we would recommend Falcon-[7B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b)/[40B](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b) for any use not directly related to research on web data pipelines.
## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
Falcon-RW-1B is trained on English data only, and will not generalize appropriately to other languages. Furthermore, as it is trained on a large-scale corpora representative of the web, it will carry the stereotypes and biases commonly encountered online.
### Recommendations
We recommend users of Falcon-RW-1B to consider finetuning it for the specific set of tasks of interest, and for guardrails and appropriate precautions to be taken for any production use.
## How to Get Started with the Model
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import transformers
import torch
model = "tiiuae/falcon-rw-1b"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model)
pipeline = transformers.pipeline(
"text-generation",
model=model,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
device_map="auto",
)
sequences = pipeline(
"Girafatron is obsessed with giraffes, the most glorious animal on the face of this Earth. Giraftron believes all other animals are irrelevant when compared to the glorious majesty of the giraffe.\nDaniel: Hello, Girafatron!\nGirafatron:",
max_length=200,
do_sample=True,
top_k=10,
num_return_sequences=1,
eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
)
for seq in sequences:
print(f"Result: {seq['generated_text']}")
```
## Training Details
### Training Data
Falcon-RW-1B was trained on 350B tokens of [RefinedWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb), a high-quality filtered and deduplicated web dataset. The data was tokenized with the GPT-2 tokenizer.
### Training Procedure
Falcon-RW-1B was trained on 32 A100 40GB GPUs, using only data parallelism with ZeRO.
#### Training Hyperparameters
Hyperparameters were adapted from the GPT-3 paper ([Brown et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)).
| **Hyperparameter** | **Value** | **Comment** |
|--------------------|------------|-------------------------------------------|
| Precision | `bfloat16` | |
| Optimizer | AdamW | |
| Learning rate | 2e-4 | 500M tokens warm-up, cosine decay to 2e-5 |
| Weight decay | 1e-1 | |
| Batch size | 512 | 4B tokens ramp-up |
#### Speeds, Sizes, Times
Training happened in early December 2022 and took about six days.
## Evaluation
See the 📓 [paper on arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116) for in-depth evaluation.
## Technical Specifications
### Model Architecture and Objective
Falcon-RW-1B is a causal decoder-only model trained on a causal language modeling task (i.e., predict the next token).
The architecture is adapted from the GPT-3 paper ([Brown et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)), but uses ALiBi ([Ofir et al., 2021](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12409)) and FlashAttention ([Dao et al., 2022](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14135)).
| **Hyperparameter** | **Value** | **Comment** |
|--------------------|-----------|----------------------------------------|
| Layers | 24 | |
| `d_model` | 2048 | |
| `head_dim` | 64 | Reduced to optimise for FlashAttention |
| Vocabulary | 50304 | |
| Sequence length | 2048 | |
### Compute Infrastructure
#### Hardware
Falcon-RW-1B was trained on AWS SageMaker, on 32 A100 40GB GPUs in P4d instances.
#### Software
Falcon-RW-1B was trained a custom distributed training codebase, Gigatron. It uses a 3D parallelism approach combined with ZeRO and high-performance Triton kernels (FlashAttention, etc.)
## Citation
```
@article{refinedweb,
title={The {R}efined{W}eb dataset for {F}alcon {LLM}: outperforming curated corpora with web data, and web data only},
author={Guilherme Penedo and Quentin Malartic and Daniel Hesslow and Ruxandra Cojocaru and Alessandro Cappelli and Hamza Alobeidli and Baptiste Pannier and Ebtesam Almazrouei and Julien Launay},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.01116},
eprint={2306.01116},
eprinttype = {arXiv},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116},
year={2023}
}
```
## Contact
falconllm@tii.ae

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{
"alibi": true,
"apply_residual_connection_post_layernorm": false,
"architectures": [
"FalconForCausalLM"
],
"attention_dropout": 0.0,
"auto_map": {
"AutoConfig": "configuration_falcon.FalconConfig",
"AutoModel": "modeling_falcon.FalconModel",
"AutoModelForSequenceClassification": "modeling_falcon.FalconForSequenceClassification",
"AutoModelForTokenClassification": "modeling_falcon.FalconForTokenClassification",
"AutoModelForQuestionAnswering": "modeling_falcon.FalconForQuestionAnswering",
"AutoModelForCausalLM": "modeling_falcon.FalconForCausalLM"
},
"bias": true,
"bos_token_id": 1,
"eos_token_id": 2,
"hidden_dropout": 0.0,
"hidden_size": 2048,
"initializer_range": 0.02,
"layer_norm_epsilon": 1e-05,
"model_type": "falcon",
"multi_query": false,
"new_decoder_architecture": false,
"num_attention_heads": 32,
"num_hidden_layers": 24,
"parallel_attn": false,
"torch_dtype": "bfloat16",
"transformers_version": "4.27.4",
"use_cache": true,
"vocab_size": 50304
}

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{"framework": "pytorch", "task": "text-generation", "allow_remote": true}

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# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2023 the Falcon authors and HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Falcon configuration"""
from transformers.configuration_utils import PretrainedConfig
from transformers.utils import logging
logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
FALCON_PRETRAINED_CONFIG_ARCHIVE_MAP = {
"tiiuae/falcon-40b": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b/resolve/main/config.json",
"tiiuae/falcon-7b": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b/resolve/main/config.json",
}
class FalconConfig(PretrainedConfig):
r"""
This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a [`FalconModel`]. It is used to instantiate a Falcon
model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the
defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the
[tiiuae/falcon-7b](https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b) architecture.
Configuration objects inherit from [`PretrainedConfig`] and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the
documentation from [`PretrainedConfig`] for more information.
Args:
vocab_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 65024):
Vocabulary size of the Falcon model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the
`inputs_ids` passed when calling [`FalconModel`]
hidden_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 4544):
Dimension of the hidden representations.
num_hidden_layers (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 32):
Number of hidden layers in the Transformer decoder.
num_attention_heads (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 71):
Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer encoder.
initializer_range (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.02):
The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
use_cache (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
Whether the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant if
`config.is_decoder=True`.
layer_norm_epsilon (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 1e-5):
The epsilon used by the layer normalization layers.
hidden_dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
The dropout probability for MLP layers.
attention_dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
The dropout probability for attention layers.
num_kv_heads (`int`, *optional*):
Number of key-value heads to use per attention layer. If unset, defaults to the same value as
`num_attention_heads`.
alibi (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
Whether to use ALiBi positional biases during self-attention.
new_decoder_architecture (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
Whether to use the new (Falcon-40B) decoder architecture. If `True`, the `multi_query` and `parallel_attn`
arguments are ignored, as the new decoder always uses parallel attention.
multi_query (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
Whether to use multi-query attention in the decoder. Ignored when `new_decoder_architecture` is `True`.
parallel_attn (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
Whether to compute attention in parallel with the feedforward layer. If False, they are consecutive
instead, as in the original Transformer architecture. Ignored when `new_decoder_architecture` is `True`.
bias (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
Whether to use bias on Linear layers.
bos_token_id (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 11):
The id of the "beginning-of-sequence" token.
eos_token_id (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 11):
The id of the "end-of-sequence" token.
Example:
```python
>>> from transformers import FalconModel, FalconConfig
>>> # Initializing a small (2-layer) Falcon configuration
>>> configuration = FalconConfig(num_hidden_layers=2)
>>> # Initializing a model from the small configuration
>>> model = FalconModel(configuration)
>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config
```"""
model_type = "falcon"
keys_to_ignore_at_inference = ["past_key_values"]
def __init__(
self,
vocab_size=65024,
hidden_size=4544,
num_hidden_layers=32,
num_attention_heads=71,
layer_norm_epsilon=1e-5,
initializer_range=0.02,
use_cache=True,
hidden_dropout=0.0,
attention_dropout=0.0,
num_kv_heads=None,
alibi=False,
new_decoder_architecture=False,
multi_query=True,
parallel_attn=True,
bias=False,
bos_token_id=11,
eos_token_id=11,
**kwargs,
):
self.vocab_size = vocab_size
# Backward compatibility with n_embed kwarg
n_embed = kwargs.pop("n_embed", None)
self.hidden_size = hidden_size if n_embed is None else n_embed
self.num_hidden_layers = num_hidden_layers
self.num_attention_heads = num_attention_heads
self.layer_norm_epsilon = layer_norm_epsilon
self.initializer_range = initializer_range
self.use_cache = use_cache
self.hidden_dropout = hidden_dropout
self.attention_dropout = attention_dropout
self.bos_token_id = bos_token_id
self.eos_token_id = eos_token_id
self.num_kv_heads = num_attention_heads if num_kv_heads is None else num_kv_heads
self.alibi = alibi
self.new_decoder_architecture = new_decoder_architecture
self.multi_query = multi_query # Ignored when new_decoder_architecture is True
self.parallel_attn = parallel_attn
self.bias = bias
super().__init__(bos_token_id=bos_token_id, eos_token_id=eos_token_id, **kwargs)
@property
def head_dim(self):
return self.hidden_size // self.num_attention_heads
@property
def rotary(self):
return not self.alibi

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{
"_from_model_config": true,
"bos_token_id": 1,
"eos_token_id": 2,
"transformers_version": "4.31.0.dev0"
}

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size 2623348889

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{
"bos_token": "<|endoftext|>",
"eos_token": "<|endoftext|>",
"unk_token": "<|endoftext|>"
}

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{
"add_prefix_space": false,
"bos_token": "<|endoftext|>",
"clean_up_tokenization_spaces": true,
"eos_token": "<|endoftext|>",
"model_max_length": 1024,
"tokenizer_class": "GPT2Tokenizer",
"unk_token": "<|endoftext|>"
}

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