---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- dense
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:4858688
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: 'Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific
    papers

    Query: Cervical cancer progression and regression rates vary significantly with
    patient age.'
  sentences:
  - 'A Novel Approach to Identifying How Equipment Disrupts the Airflow Patterns in
    the Operating Room.


    A decrease in the infection rates in the operating room (OR) is attributable to
    advances in sterile technique; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
    filtration; and limiting the number of people entering and leaving the OR. However,
    some infection complications after open heart procedures have been linked to the
    discharge fans of surgical equipment, most notably from the LivaNova 3T. We believe
    that surgical infection within the OR may also be due to other devices with internal
    fans. The purpose of this study was to 1) identify surgical equipment with an
    internal fan and see how they affect the airflow in an OR, 2) use the equipment
    to positively affect airflow to possibly reduce the risk of surgical site infections,
    and 3) bring attention to the HVAC system ability to exchange air throughout the
    OR. By using a fog machine and multiple camera angles, we identified the devices
    that have an effect on the airflow. We saw that the direction of the intake vent
    of specific devices can change the direction of airflow and possibly help to remove
    air. Last, we showed how the current HVAC air exchange rate might not be enough
    to remove contaminated air within the OR. Understanding intake and discharge vents
    for all equipment is important because sterile contamination and wound infection
    may be minimized or mitigated completely by simply repositioning a few devices.'
  - 'Is age a prognostic biomarker for survival among women with locally advanced
    cervical cancer treated with chemoradiation? An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology
    Group ancillary data analysis.


    OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of age on completion of and toxicities following
    treatment of local regionally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) on Gynecologic Oncology
    Group (GOG) Phase I-III trials. METHODS: An ancillary data analysis of GOG protocols
    113, 120, 165, 219 data was performed. Wilcoxon, Pearson, and Kruskal-Wallis tests
    were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Log rank tests were used to
    compare survival lengths. RESULTS: One-thousand-three-hundred-nineteen women were
    included; 60.7% were Caucasian, 15% were age 60-70years and an additional 5% were
    >70; 87% had squamous histology, 55% had stage IIB disease and 34% had IIIB disease.
    Performance status declined with age (p=0.006). Histology and tumor stage did
    not significantly differ. Number of cycles of chemotherapy received, radiation
    treatment time, nor dose modifications varied with age. Notably, radiation protocol
    deviations and failure to complete brachytherapy (BT) did increase with age (p=0.022
    and p<0.001 respectively). Only all grade lymphatic (p=0.006) and grade≥3 cardiovascular
    toxicities (p=0.019) were found to vary with age. A 2% increase in the risk of
    death for every year increase >50 for all-cause mortality (HR 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04)
    was found, but no association between age and disease specific mortality was found.
    CONCLUSION: This represents a large analysis of patients treated for LACC with
    chemo/radiation, approximately 20% of whom were >60years of age. Older patients,
    had higher rates of incomplete brachytherapy which is not explained by collected
    toxicity data. Age did not adversely impact completion of chemotherapy and radiation
    or toxicities.'
  - 'Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for the Prevention of Placenta-mediated Pregnancy
    Complications.


    During the past decade, prophylactic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)
    have been suggested to decrease the risk of placental-mediated complications.
    Herein, we review the prospective randomized trials that addressed the usefulness
    of LMWH in preventing placental-mediated complications in high-risk women. Inclusion
    criteria and results of these trials are heterogeneous. Unlike older trials (3
    of 4 are single center), recent trials (all are multicenter) do not show beneficial
    effect of LMWH. There is certainly a need of complementary research before stating
    on the usefulness of LMWH in the prevention of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications
    in women at high risk.'
- source_sentence: 'Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific
    papers

    Query: Improvement in lung function is associated with proportional improvement
    in health status in patients with stable COPD.'
  sentences:
  - 'Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome with severe depression is caused by an exon-skipping
    mutation in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene.


    We describe two affected individuals in a family with myoclonus-dystonia syndrome
    complicated with severe depression. One individual committed suicide. Molecular
    genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous point mutation in the epsilon-sarcoglycan
    gene, which we show leads to skipping of exon 5. This report suggests that the
    psychiatric spectrum of MDS includes more severe depression.'
  - 'Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis
    Risk in Communities Study.


    Pathologic findings and cross-sectional epidemiologic studies suggest that past
    infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with clinical and subclinical
    atherosclerotic disease, although evidence from prospective studies is still scarce.
    The association between chronic infection by C. pneumoniae and incident coronary
    heart disease (CHD) was investigated in a case-cohort study conducted among participants
    in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were free of CHD at the baseline
    examination (1986-1989). Levels of C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies
    in serum collected at baseline from 246 incident cases of CHD identified during
    follow-up (median, 3.3 years; maximum, 5 years) were compared with those from
    a stratified sample of the baseline cohort (n = 550). Among incident CHD cases,
    65% had IgG antibody titers > or =1:64, compared with 55% of noncases (compared
    with negative IgG titers, the relative hazard of CHD was 1.6 (p < 0.01)). In multivariate
    analyses controlling for other risk factors (age, gender, smoking, serum cholesterol,
    hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and educational level), the above estimates were
    substantially reduced and became statistically nonsignificant (relative hazard
    = 1.2). A significantly increased CHD hazard associated with IgG antibody titers
    > or =1:64 was observed among nonsmokers, even after adjustment for other risk
    factors. Overall, these results do not provide strong support for the hypothesis
    that C. pneumoniae infection is a risk factor for clinical CHD. Studies with longer
    follow-up periods will be necessary to determine whether C. pneumoniae infection
    is involved as an etiologic factor in earlier phases of atherogenesis.'
  - '[The prospect of prevention and treatment of Cor pulmonale on a 20-year follow-up
    of 40 middle to old aged cases of COPD and Cor pulmonale].


    OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of current therapy for COPD and Cor pulmonale
    by long-term follow-up of COPD patients. METHOD: Forty cases of middle to old
    aged COPD and Cor pulmonale patients were followed up for a period of 20 years.
    RESULTS: The pulmonary function of all the patients reduced significantly more
    than healthy elderly, while no difference was noted in blood gas analysis. 23
    patients with advanced COPD developed cor pulmonale, so that the number of cases
    with cor pulmonale increased significantly from 7 to 30. By the end of follow-up
    19 cases survived (48%), 21 cases (Cor pulmonale 19, COPD 2) died (53%). CONCLUSIONS:
    In view of the high mortality of cor pulmonale and the tremendous treatment cost,
    it was considered that the prospect for cor pulmonale management should be put
    on treating COPD to avoid development of Cor pulmonale. The keys of treating COPD
    are stop of smoking, protection from cold, early treatment of respiratory infection
    and further establishment of pulmonary rehabilitation work.'
- source_sentence: 'Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific
    papers

    Query: Subintimal angioplasty is an effective treatment for critical limb ischemia,
    particularly in cases involving femoral or femoropopliteal lesions.'
  sentences:
  - 'Understanding Social Determinants of First Nations Health Using a Four-Domain
    Model of Health and Wellness Based on the Medicine Wheel: Findings from a Community
    Survey in One First Nation.


    We examined the explanatory roles of social determinants of health (SDOH) for
    First Nations people using a four-domain model of health and wellness based on
    the Medicine Wheel (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health),
    including colonial-linked stressors (i.e., historical trauma, childhood adversities,
    racial discrimination) and cultural resilience factors (i.e., cultural strengths,
    traditional healing practices, social support). Data were collected in partnership
    with a First Nation in Ontario, Canada in 2013 through a community survey (n =
    194). For each outcome (physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health), a
    modified Poisson regression model estimated prevalence ratios for the SDOH, adjusting
    for age, sex, education, and marital status. Negative associations were found
    for historical trauma with physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health;
    for childhood adversities with mental health; and for racial discrimination with
    physical, mental, and emotional health. Positive associations were found for cultural
    strengths with physical, mental, and emotional health and for social support with
    physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. We observed negative associations
    between use of traditional healing practices and mental and emotional health.
    Our findings suggest that these SDOH may play important roles in relation to wellness
    through associations with the domains of health modelled by the Medicine Wheel.'
  - 'Comparison of Long Term Outcomes After Endovascular Treatment Versus Bypass Surgery
    in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia Patients with Long Femoropopliteal Lesions.


    OBJECTIVE: There are currently two treatments available for patients with chronic
    limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI): open surgical bypass (OSB) and percutaneous
    transluminal angioplasty with/without stenting (PTA/S). The aim of this study
    was to compare short and long term outcomes between PTA/S and OSB in CLTI patients
    with long (GLASS grade III and IV) femoropopliteal disease. METHODS: This was
    a two centre retrospective study including all consecutive patients with CLTI
    undergoing first time lower extremity intervention at two distinct vascular surgical
    centres. Between 1 January 2012 and 1 January 2018, 1 545 CLTI consecutive limbs
    were treated for femoropopliteal GLASS grade III and IV lesions at two vascular
    surgical centres. Using covariables from baseline and angiographic characteristics,
    a propensity score was calculated for each limb. Thus, comparable patient cohorts
    (235 in PTA/S and 235 in OSB group) were identified for further analysis. The
    primary outcomes were freedom from re-intervention in the treated extremity and
    major amputation. Secondary outcomes were all hospital complications among the
    two patient groups. RESULTS: Total overall complication rates were significantly
    higher in the OSB group (20.42% vs. 5.96%, p < .001), especially wound infection/seroma
    rate that required prolonged hospitalisation and further treatment (7.65% vs.
    0%, p < .001). After the median follow up of 61 months, re-intervention rates
    were significantly higher in the PTA/S group (log rank test, 44.68% vs. 29.79%,
    p = .002), but there was no significant difference in terms of major amputation
    rates between the two group of patients (log rank test, PTA/S 27.23% vs. OSB 22.13%,
    p = .17). CONCLUSION: Bypass surgery seems to be superior to PTA/S for GLASS grade
    III and IV femoropopliteal lesions in patients with CLTI in terms of long term
    re-intervention rates, but with considerably higher rates of post-operative complications.
    A larger cohort of patients in currently ongoing randomised trials, as well as
    prospective cohort studies are necessary to confirm these findings.'
  - 'Safety of over twelve hundred infant male circumcisions using the Mogen clamp
    in Kenya.


    BACKGROUND: Several sub-Saharan African countries plan to scale-up infant male
    circumcision (IMC) for cost-efficient HIV prevention. Little data exist about
    the safety of IMC in East and southern Africa. We calculated adverse event (AE)
    rate and risks for AEs associated with introduction of IMC services at five government
    health facilities in western Kenya. METHODS: AE data were analyzed for IMC procedures
    performed between September, 2009 and November, 2011. Healthy infants aged ≤ 2
    months and weighing ≥ 2.5 kg were eligible for IMC. Following parental consent,
    trained clinicians provided IMC services free of charge under local anesthesia
    using the Mogen clamp. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to explore
    AE risk factors. FINDINGS: A total of 1,239 IMC procedures were performed. Median
    age of infants was 4 days (IQR=1, 16). The overall AE rate among infants reviewed
    post-operatively was 2.7% (18/678; 95%CI: 1.4, 3.9). There was one severe AE involving
    excision of a small piece of the lateral aspect of the glans penis. Other AEs
    were mild or moderate and were treated conservatively. Babies one month of age
    or older were more likely to have an AE (OR 3.20; 95%CI: 1.23, 8.36). AE rate
    did not differ by nurse versus clinical officer or number of previous procedures
    performed. CONCLUSION: IMC services provided in Kenyan Government hospitals in
    the context of routine IMC programming have AE rates comparable to those in developed
    countries. The optimal time for IMC is within the first month of life.'
- source_sentence: 'Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific
    papers

    Query: Improvement in lung function is associated with proportional improvement
    in health status in patients with stable COPD.'
  sentences:
  - 'Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence rate in T1abN0M0 triple-negative
    breast cancer: A meta-analysis.


    PURPOSE: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its higher recurrence
    rate in short-term (3-5 years) follow-up and limited systemic therapeutic methods
    (chemotherapy). Current literature debates over whether chemotherapy should be
    given to TNBC with a very early disease stage (T1a/bN0). This meta-analysis aimed
    to compare short-term recurrence rate between patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy
    or not for this population. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search in databases
    including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library from January 2008
    to December 2019. Raw data on local or distance recurrence events was extracted,
    odds ratio (OR) values, 95% confidence interval (CI) values, and P values were
    then calculated. RESULTS: 9 studies out of 426 were included in the meta-analysis.
    Our main results showed that breast cancer recurrence rate in T1a/bN0 TNBC patients
    receiving chemotherapy was significantly lower than those without chemotherapy
    (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37-0.78, P = 0.001). Similar results were detected in the T1b
    group (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.78). The main result remained stable after sensitivity
    analysis. No significant publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
    revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy reduced recurrence rate for T1mi/a/bN0 TNBC,
    especially for T1bN0. The benefit of chemotherapy for T1mi/aN0 disease is still
    debated.'
  - '[Effect of health education on the lung function and life quality in patients
    with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases].


    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of health education on the symptoms, lung function
    and life quality in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
    (COPD). METHODS: Eighty-two patients were assigned into 2 groups randomly: The
    treatment group (n = 43) accepted health education for 6 months and the control
    group (n = 39) did not. Before and after the 6 months, we observed the number
    of smokers, Borg score, inhale treatment, times of acute episode, SGRQ score,
    lung function, and the therapeutic effect in the two groups. RESULTS: Six months
    later, the ratio of smokers in the treatment group was 13.95%, much lower than
    that in the control group (35.90%, P = 0.021); the Borg score of the treatment
    group decreased from 4.86 +/- 1.21 to 3.38 +/- 0.94 (P =0.000), but there was
    no difference in the control group; the ratios of accepted inhale treatment in
    the treatment group and the control group were 100% (43/43) and 20.51 % (8/39)
    respectively (P = 0.000), and the accuracy rates were 100% (43/43 ) in the treatment
    group and 12. 82% (5/39) in the control group (P =0. 000); the times of acute
    episode in the treatment group was 1.51 +/- 1.53, much lower than that in the
    control group (4.46 +/- 5.17, P = 0. 000); the indexes of lung function before
    and after the 6 months between the two groups had no significant difference. The
    total score, the symptom section score, the activity section score, and the impact
    section score of SGRQ after the 6 months of health education were much lower than
    those of 6 months before, and those in the control group had no significant difference.
    CONCLUSION: Six months of the health education can decrease the ratio of smokers
    and the times of acute episode, and to improve the life quality of patients with
    stable COPD.'
  - 'Clinical effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary
    disease.


    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has multiple pathophysiologic effects
    that are not confined to the lungs. Similarly, treatment for COPD may have a number
    of different beneficial effects, and although each of these may be small, their
    cumulative effect may add up to a worthwhile overall outcome. Many of the effects
    of COPD are only weakly related to FEV(1), and there is good evidence that health
    status questionnaires are the best overall measures of disease severity. Recently
    it has been shown, using such instruments, that health status in patients with
    COPD deteriorates progressively and at a measurable rate. Fluticasone reduces
    that decline, an effect that may take months to be detectable but continues to
    develop over 3 years. The effect of fluticasone on health appears to be due to
    a reduction in exacerbations coupled with its small effect on FEV(1).'
- source_sentence: 'Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific
    papers

    Query: Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated
    with cardiovascular disease.'
  sentences:
  - '[Influence of depressive symptoms and gender in chronic low back pain rehabilitation
    outcome: a pilot study].


    Currently, little is known about the influence of depressive symptoms and gender-specific
    aspects in rehabilitation outcome of patients with chronic low back pain. Effects
    of gender and depressive symptoms on rehabilitation outcome were examined immediately
    after rehabilitation, as well as three and six months after rehabilitation in
    116 patients with chronic low back pain (43 women, 73 men; M=48 yrs.; ICD-10 diagnoses:
    M45.4/M45.5, M54.4/M54.5). Immediately after rehabilitation, general improvements
    with medium effect sizes in all rehabilitation measures were found. In contrast,
    six months after rehabilitation, only pain-related measures showed moderate improvements.
    Additionally, the mid-term outcomes were influenced by gender and depressive symptoms;
    women showed more stable rehabilitation outcomes in pain intensity, in the impaired
    function related to family/leisure, and the coping with pain strategies of "perceived
    self-competence" and "relaxation". In contrast, especially male patients with
    severe depressive symptoms revealed regressive rehabilitation outcomes, both in
    pain-related variables as well as marginally in the coping with pain strategy
    of "cognitive restructuring". In post-hoc analyses, in the mid-term, they even
    showed a deterioration of functional capacity and somatisation compared to prior
    to rehabilitation. Our results suggest that the outcome of orthopaedic rehabilitation
    may be persistently improved by implementing gender-specific treatments in general
    and elements of depression treatments for the patients with severe but sub-clinical
    depressive symptoms.'
  - 'Effects of concurrent training on exercise capacity and quality of life in older
    adult patients with COPD: a Bayesian pairwise and dose-response meta-analysis.


    OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect
    of concurrent training (CT) on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients
    with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to identify the optimal
    CT dose to enhance 6-min walk distance (6MWD). METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled
    trials (RCTs) examining the effects of CT on exercise capacity and quality of
    life in patients with COPD were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed,
    Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. A multilevel
    Bayesian random-effects model was used to conduct both pairwise and dose-response
    meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 1,037 COPD patients were included in the 20
    studies. Based on pairwise comparisons, CT was found to significantly improve
    6MWD (MD: 44.08; 95% CrI: 33.35-54.72; SD: 20.85; 95% CrI: 13.29-32.26), VO2max
    (MD: 1.02; 95% CrI: 0.04-2.00; SD: 0.91; 95% CrI: 0.23-2.12), LP 1RM (MD: 30.53;
    95% CrI: 3.38-57.71; SD: 2.52; 95% CrI: 0.04-15.19), CP 1RM (MD: 12.20; 95% CrI:
    2.77-21.59; SD: 2.44; 95% CrI: 0.05-10.71), and SGRQ score (MD: -8.65; 95% CrI:
    -10.79 to -6.51; SD: 5.04; 95% CrI: 2.52-8.99). However, no significant improvement
    was observed in FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC. Additionally, a nonlinear dose-response
    relationship was observed between CT and 6MWD, with the optimal dose identified
    as 1,220 MET-min/week (MD = 24.83; 95% CrI: 14.96-34.70). CONCLUSIONS: CT was
    found to significantly improve exercise capacity and quality of life in COPD patients,
    while showing limited effects on pulmonary function indicators. Moreover, a nonlinear
    dose-response relationship was identified between CT and 6MWD, with the most pronounced
    effects observed at a weekly dose of 1,220 MET-min. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
    https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42025630487.'
  - 'Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: critical assessment of diagnostic methods
    and relevance to treatment studies.


    A number of studies have found that inflammation of the vessel wall plays an essential
    role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and erosion and
    fissure and the eventual rupture of plaques. Chlamydia pneumoniae is one of the
    infectious agents that have been investigated as possible causes of this inflammation.
    Initial studies of the association of C. pneumoniae and cardiovascular disease
    (CVD) were seroepidemiologic, and these were followed by studies in which the
    organism was identified in vascular tissue from patients with CVD by electron
    microscopy, PCR and immunocytochemical staining (ICC). C. pneumoniae has also
    been isolated by culture from vascular tissue in a small number patients. However,
    no single serologic, PCR, or ICC assay has been used consistently across all studies.
    The assays used are also not standardized. Recent studies of serologic and PCR
    assays for diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection have suggested that there may
    be substantial interlaboratory variation in the performance of these tests. It
    now appears that some of the inconsistency of results from study to study may
    be due, in part, to lack of standardized methods. Although initial seroepidemiologic
    studies demonstrated a significantly increased risk of adverse cardiac outcome
    in patients who were seropositive, subsequent prospective studies found either
    small or no increased risk. In addition to the lack of consistent serologic criteria,
    recent evaluations have demonstrated inherent problems with performance of the
    most widely used serologic methods. Most importantly, we do not have a reliable
    serologic marker for chronic or persistent C. pneumoniae infection.'
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
---

# SentenceTransformer

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model trained on the json dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
<!-- - **Base model:** [Unknown](https://huggingface.co/unknown) -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 32768 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
    - json
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 32768, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'Qwen3Model'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': True, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers\nQuery: Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with cardiovascular disease.',
    'Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: critical assessment of diagnostic methods and relevance to treatment studies.\n\nA number of studies have found that inflammation of the vessel wall plays an essential role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and erosion and fissure and the eventual rupture of plaques. Chlamydia pneumoniae is one of the infectious agents that have been investigated as possible causes of this inflammation. Initial studies of the association of C. pneumoniae and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were seroepidemiologic, and these were followed by studies in which the organism was identified in vascular tissue from patients with CVD by electron microscopy, PCR and immunocytochemical staining (ICC). C. pneumoniae has also been isolated by culture from vascular tissue in a small number patients. However, no single serologic, PCR, or ICC assay has been used consistently across all studies. The assays used are also not standardized. Recent studies of serologic and PCR assays for diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection have suggested that there may be substantial interlaboratory variation in the performance of these tests. It now appears that some of the inconsistency of results from study to study may be due, in part, to lack of standardized methods. Although initial seroepidemiologic studies demonstrated a significantly increased risk of adverse cardiac outcome in patients who were seropositive, subsequent prospective studies found either small or no increased risk. In addition to the lack of consistent serologic criteria, recent evaluations have demonstrated inherent problems with performance of the most widely used serologic methods. Most importantly, we do not have a reliable serologic marker for chronic or persistent C. pneumoniae infection.',
    '[Influence of depressive symptoms and gender in chronic low back pain rehabilitation outcome: a pilot study].\n\nCurrently, little is known about the influence of depressive symptoms and gender-specific aspects in rehabilitation outcome of patients with chronic low back pain. Effects of gender and depressive symptoms on rehabilitation outcome were examined immediately after rehabilitation, as well as three and six months after rehabilitation in 116 patients with chronic low back pain (43 women, 73 men; M=48 yrs.; ICD-10 diagnoses: M45.4/M45.5, M54.4/M54.5). Immediately after rehabilitation, general improvements with medium effect sizes in all rehabilitation measures were found. In contrast, six months after rehabilitation, only pain-related measures showed moderate improvements. Additionally, the mid-term outcomes were influenced by gender and depressive symptoms; women showed more stable rehabilitation outcomes in pain intensity, in the impaired function related to family/leisure, and the coping with pain strategies of "perceived self-competence" and "relaxation". In contrast, especially male patients with severe depressive symptoms revealed regressive rehabilitation outcomes, both in pain-related variables as well as marginally in the coping with pain strategy of "cognitive restructuring". In post-hoc analyses, in the mid-term, they even showed a deterioration of functional capacity and somatisation compared to prior to rehabilitation. Our results suggest that the outcome of orthopaedic rehabilitation may be persistently improved by implementing gender-specific treatments in general and elements of depression treatments for the patients with severe but sub-clinical depressive symptoms.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[1.0000, 0.8319, 0.0211],
#         [0.8319, 1.0000, 0.0233],
#         [0.0211, 0.0233, 1.0000]])
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### json

* Dataset: json
* Size: 4,858,688 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                            | positive                                                                             | negative                                                                              |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                               | string                                                                                |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 28 tokens</li><li>mean: 34.9 tokens</li><li>max: 56 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 67 tokens</li><li>mean: 389.36 tokens</li><li>max: 980 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 18 tokens</li><li>mean: 372.64 tokens</li><li>max: 1086 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                                                                         | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | negative                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
  |:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|: |: |
  | <code>Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers<br>Query: Hookworm infection intensity is inversely related to haemoglobin levels in pregnant women.</code> | <code>Schistosoma mansoni in pregnancy and associations with anaemia in northwest Tanzania.<br><br>Schistosomiasis among pregnant women has been inadequately investigated. In order to determine the importance of Schistosoma mansoni in this subgroup, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 972 women in Tanzania and investigated the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, hookworm and malaria and their associations with anaemia. Overall, 63.5% of women were infected with S. mansoni, with prevalence highest among younger women and decreasing with increasing age. The prevalence of hookworm was 56.3%, and 16.4% of women had malaria parasitaemia. Overall, 66.4% of women were anaemic. Increased risk of anaemia was associated with heavy infection with S. mansoni but not hookworm or Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                        | <code>Acute kidney injury in critically ill infants: the role of urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL).<br><br>Acute kidney injury (AKI) has emerged as an important health problem in the intensive care units, especially among infants delivered prematurely. Recent efforts to define and characterize AKI have led to studies of early AKI detection and will ultimately contribute to improvements in AKI outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for AKI that might enable early recognition and clinical intervention to limit renal injury is therefore of intense contemporary interest. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is the most promising among all emerging markers for AKI; specifically, urine NGAL (uNGAL) predicts renal failure much earlier than serum creatinine. The recent availability of an automated immunoassay for measuring uNGAL in the clinical practice permits to introduce the test in emergency, having a turn around time (TAT) closely comparable with that of serum creati...</code> |
  | <code>Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers<br>Query: Hookworm infection intensity is inversely related to haemoglobin levels in pregnant women.</code> | <code>Anemia and malaria at different altitudes in the western highlands of Kenya.<br><br>Malaria associated severe anemia in children is the most important complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. To evaluate anemia and malaria in an area with recurrent malaria epidemics in the western highlands of Kenya, we conducted cross-sectional surveys in four "lowland" (1440-1660 m) and two "highland" (1960 and 2040 m) villages in 2002. Among 1314 subjects randomly selected from all age groups, the overall prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin, Hb < 11 g/dl) was 14% and P. falciparum infection 17%. In children < or =5 years, anemia prevalence ranged from 57% at 1440 m to 11% at 2040 m and correlated with altitude (r = -0.88, P < 0.05). Similarly, P. falciparum prevalence ranged from 31 to 0% and correlated with altitude (r = -0.93, P < 0.01). Malnutrition defined by a body mass index <15th percentile characterized 39% of the population and the hookworm prevalence was 3.9%. In the l...</code> | <code>A high rate of durable responses with romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.<br><br>We report results from a study exploring the combination of romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) previously treated with > 1 prior therapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination using a novel accelerated dose-escalation schedule in patients with relapsed or refractory MM. The secondary objective was to determine overall response (OR), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). The MTD identified was bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2) (days 1, 4, 8, and 11), dexamethasone 20 mg (days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12), and romidepsin 10 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, and 15) every 28 days. Thrombocytopenia (64%) was the most common ≥ grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 76% of patients (n = 19) (≥ grade 3, 8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1%...</code> |
  | <code>Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers<br>Query: Hookworm infection intensity is inversely related to haemoglobin levels in pregnant women.</code> | <code>Hookworm (Necator americanus) infection and storage iron depletion.<br><br>The relationship between iron status and the intensity of infection with hookworm was investigated in a rural population on Karkar Island, Mandang Province, Papua New Guinea. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma ferritin level and hookworm burden, which was strongest in males. In contrast, there was no correlation between plasma ferritin and hookworm egg count, and no consistent correlation between haemoglobin level or haematocrit and either measure of hookworm intensity. The results suggest that the role of hookworm in the aetiology of anaemia may be difficult to assess without the accurate measurement of hookworm burden.</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | <code>An easy-to-use online calculator to identify patients least likely to benefit from surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.<br><br>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although it is the primary curative-intent treatment option for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, liver resection can be associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality. As such, a high-risk resection may not be warranted when the oncological benefits are minimal. In the current study, we sought to develop 2 preoperative models to predict 90-day mortality and overall survival after liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative-intent liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between 1990 and 2020 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Two prognostic models were developed with preoperative factors using multivariable regression analysis for 90-day mortality and overall survival. Patients were categorized into 3 risk groups: favor...</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "gather_across_devices": false,
      "directions": [
          "query_to_doc"
      ],
      "partition_mode": "joint",
      "hardness_mode": null,
      "hardness_strength": 0.0
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### json

* Dataset: json
* Size: 1,207,774 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                             | positive                                                                              | negative                                                                             |
  |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                             | string                                                                                | string                                                                               |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 26 tokens</li><li>mean: 36.28 tokens</li><li>max: 49 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 45 tokens</li><li>mean: 400.11 tokens</li><li>max: 1719 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 23 tokens</li><li>mean: 369.0 tokens</li><li>max: 1263 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                                                                                                                                                        | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | negative                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
  |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|: |: |
  | <code>Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers<br>Query: Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with cardiovascular disease.</code> | <code>Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: large prospective study.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an independent association between infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN: Prospective study using a nested case-control design. SETTING: Medical centre in London run by BUPA, a private medical organisation. PARTICIPANTS: 21 520 professional men aged 35-64 who attended for a medical examination in London between 1975 and 1982. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Death from ischaemic heart disease. RESULTS: The distributions of concentrations of IgG and IgA antibodies to C pneumoniae were similar in the 647 men who subsequently died of ischaemic heart disease and in 1294 age matched controls who did not. There was no material association with heart disease irrespective of the cut-off point chosen to define seropositivity. At a cut-off point that defines 15% of controls as positive, for example, the odds ratios were 1.26 (95% con...</code> | <code>Cerivastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, inhibits cardiac myocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin.<br><br>We investigated the direct effects of cerivastatin on hypertrophy of cultured rat neonatal myocytes induced by endothelin and the mechanism by which cerivastatin exerts its effects. Endothelin significantly increased [14C]phenylalanine ([14C]Phe) incorporation, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release, ANP mRNA expression and cell size. Cerivastatin significantly reduced the increase in [14C]phenylalanine incorporation, ANP peptide release, ANP mRNA expression and cell size induced by endothelin, but pravastatin did not. Exogenous mevalonate completely prevented the inhibitory effect of cerivastatin on [14C]phenylalanine incorporation, ANP release and cell size. Cotreatment with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate also attenuated the effect of cerivastatin on [14C]phenylalanine incorporation, but cotreatment with farnesyl pyrophosphate or squalene did not. Further...</code> |
  | <code>Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers<br>Query: Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with cardiovascular disease.</code> | <code>Lack of association between prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and acute or chronic coronary artery disease.<br><br>BACKGROUND: Higher than normal serologic titers and the detection of bacteria within atheroma have suggested an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection and coronary heart disease (CHD), but the relationship has not been well established. HYPOTHESIS: The study was designed to establish a lack of relationship between chronic C. pneumoniae infection and CHD. METHODS: Chlamydia-specific IgG-antibody was assayed using an indirect immunofluorescence test in the serum of 159 patients with severe arterial disease and 203 patients with a heart valve prostheses and no demonstrable CHD. Fatal and nonfatal vascular events and systemic thromboembolism were recorded over a 2-year period. RESULTS: In the arterial group 107 patients (67.3%) and in the valvular group 120/203 (59.1%) were positive for C. pneumoniae antibody. The number of patients with fatal or ...</code> | <code>Correlation Between Aspects of Perceived Patient Loneliness and Spinal Cord Stimulation Outcomes.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Loneliness as a whole has been characterized as a health-related risk factor and is associated with worse outcomes after cardiac procedures. Evidence suggests that chronic pain patients are particularly vulnerable to feeling lonely. We examined the relationship between different aspects of loneliness and one-year postoperative outcomes after spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We contacted 69 patients with thoracic SCS who had participated in our prospective outcomes database with one-year follow-up to complete the validated, abbreviated UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3). We examined responses on question 9 of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), question 12 of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and UCLA-3 due to their relevance to different aspects of loneliness. We conducted regression analyses to determine the relationship between aspects o...</code> |
  | <code>Instruct: Given a biomedical hypothesis, retrieve relevant scientific papers<br>Query: Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with cardiovascular disease.</code> | <code>Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and early asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis.<br><br>BACKGROUND: Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but whether it plays a role at an early stage in the disease is uncertain. An early estimate of atherosclerosis can be obtained by ultrasonic imaging of the carotid artery to determine intima-media thickness (IMT) and the thickness of any atheroma plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 983 normal population individuals aged 30 to 70 years, we measured common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid bulb IMT, and also carotid plaque thickness and the degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. C. pneumoniae IgA titers of >/=16 and IgG titers of >/=64 were taken as positive. There was no association between C. pneumoniae IgA or IgG seropositivity with right, left, or mean CCA or bulb IMT, or with the presence of carotid plaques. There was a significant association between IgA seropositivity and >50% mean caro...</code> | <code>The association between HIV infection and cervical cancer presentation and survival in Uganda.<br><br>Our objective was to determine how HIV infection impacts cervical cancer stage at presentation and overall survival (OS) among Ugandan women. This was a prospective study of 149 women diagnosed with cervical cancer from 2013 to 2015 at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Poisson regression models were fit to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between HIV infection and late stage at cancer diagnosis. The association between HIV infection and OS after cervical cancer diagnosis was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. The cohort included 53 HIV-positive and 96 HIV-negative participants. Median age at diagnosis was 44 years for HIV-positive and 54 years for HIV-negative participants. Seventy-seven percent of HIV-positive participants received antiretroviral therapy. Median baseline CD4 count was 373 cells/mm3 for HIV-positive participants versus 926 cells/mm3 for HIV-negat...</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
      "gather_across_devices": false,
      "directions": [
          "query_to_doc"
      ],
      "partition_mode": "joint",
      "hardness_mode": null,
      "hardness_strength": 0.0
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 128
- `num_train_epochs`: 5
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `warmup_steps`: 0.1
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `bf16`: True
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 128
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 8
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: False

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 128
- `num_train_epochs`: 5
- `max_steps`: -1
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: None
- `warmup_steps`: 0.1
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: True
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `liger_kernel_config`: None
- `use_cache`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: no
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `project`: huggingface
- `trackio_space_id`: trackio
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 128
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `enable_jit_checkpoint`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `hub_revision`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `use_cpu`: False
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `parallelism_config`: None
- `dataloader_drop_last`: True
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 8
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `train_sampling_strategy`: random
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: False
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `debug`: []
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `do_predict`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `warmup_ratio`: None
- `local_rank`: -1
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
- `router_mapping`: {}
- `learning_rate_mapping`: {}

</details>

### Training Logs
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

| Epoch  | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:---------------:|
| 0.0132 | 50   | 0.5115        | -               |
| 0.0263 | 100  | 0.4818        | -               |
| 0.0395 | 150  | 0.4024        | -               |
| 0.0527 | 200  | 0.3087        | -               |
| 0.0659 | 250  | 0.2443        | -               |
| 0.0790 | 300  | 0.2214        | -               |
| 0.0922 | 350  | 0.2099        | -               |
| 0.1054 | 400  | 0.2044        | -               |
| 0.1186 | 450  | 0.1957        | -               |
| 0.1317 | 500  | 0.1912        | -               |
| 0.1449 | 550  | 0.1914        | -               |
| 0.1581 | 600  | 0.1822        | -               |
| 0.1713 | 650  | 0.1796        | -               |
| 0.1844 | 700  | 0.1808        | -               |
| 0.1976 | 750  | 0.1753        | -               |
| 0.2108 | 800  | 0.1713        | -               |
| 0.2239 | 850  | 0.1723        | -               |
| 0.2371 | 900  | 0.1693        | -               |
| 0.2503 | 950  | 0.1636        | -               |
| 0.2635 | 1000 | 0.1640        | -               |
| 0.2766 | 1050 | 0.1644        | -               |
| 0.2898 | 1100 | 0.1617        | -               |
| 0.3030 | 1150 | 0.1599        | -               |
| 0.3162 | 1200 | 0.1618        | -               |
| 0.3293 | 1250 | 0.1552        | -               |
| 0.3425 | 1300 | 0.1564        | -               |
| 0.3557 | 1350 | 0.1543        | -               |
| 0.3689 | 1400 | 0.1509        | -               |
| 0.3820 | 1450 | 0.1564        | -               |
| 0.3952 | 1500 | 0.1493        | -               |
| 0.4084 | 1550 | 0.1502        | -               |
| 0.4216 | 1600 | 0.1531        | -               |
| 0.4347 | 1650 | 0.1462        | -               |
| 0.4479 | 1700 | 0.1477        | -               |
| 0.4611 | 1750 | 0.1485        | -               |
| 0.4742 | 1800 | 0.1460        | -               |
| 0.4874 | 1850 | 0.1457        | -               |
| 0.5006 | 1900 | 0.1446        | -               |
| 0.5138 | 1950 | 0.1447        | -               |
| 0.5269 | 2000 | 0.1405        | -               |
| 0.5401 | 2050 | 0.1396        | -               |
| 0.5533 | 2100 | 0.1385        | -               |
| 0.5665 | 2150 | 0.1384        | -               |
| 0.5796 | 2200 | 0.1408        | -               |
| 0.5928 | 2250 | 0.1380        | -               |
| 0.6060 | 2300 | 0.1386        | -               |
| 0.6192 | 2350 | 0.1411        | -               |
| 0.6323 | 2400 | 0.1352        | -               |
| 0.6455 | 2450 | 0.1340        | -               |
| 0.6587 | 2500 | 0.1353        | -               |
| 0.6718 | 2550 | 0.1363        | -               |
| 0.6850 | 2600 | 0.1358        | -               |
| 0.6982 | 2650 | 0.1342        | -               |
| 0.7114 | 2700 | 0.1334        | -               |
| 0.7245 | 2750 | 0.1320        | -               |
| 0.7377 | 2800 | 0.1319        | -               |
| 0.7509 | 2850 | 0.1329        | -               |
| 0.7641 | 2900 | 0.1330        | -               |
| 0.7772 | 2950 | 0.1304        | -               |
| 0.7904 | 3000 | 0.1334        | -               |
| 0.8036 | 3050 | 0.1290        | -               |
| 0.8168 | 3100 | 0.1314        | -               |
| 0.8299 | 3150 | 0.1267        | -               |
| 0.8431 | 3200 | 0.1293        | -               |
| 0.8563 | 3250 | 0.1310        | -               |
| 0.8695 | 3300 | 0.1295        | -               |
| 0.8826 | 3350 | 0.1278        | -               |
| 0.8958 | 3400 | 0.1286        | -               |
| 0.9090 | 3450 | 0.1267        | -               |
| 0.9221 | 3500 | 0.1261        | -               |
| 0.9353 | 3550 | 0.1295        | -               |
| 0.9485 | 3600 | 0.1275        | -               |
| 0.9617 | 3650 | 0.1264        | -               |
| 0.9748 | 3700 | 0.1292        | -               |
| 0.9880 | 3750 | 0.1268        | -               |
| 1.0    | 3796 | -             | 0.1415          |
| 1.0011 | 3800 | 0.1303        | -               |
| 1.0142 | 3850 | 0.1268        | -               |
| 1.0274 | 3900 | 0.1241        | -               |
| 1.0406 | 3950 | 0.1250        | -               |
| 1.0537 | 4000 | 0.1240        | -               |
| 1.0669 | 4050 | 0.1242        | -               |
| 1.0801 | 4100 | 0.1241        | -               |
| 1.0933 | 4150 | 0.1247        | -               |
| 1.1064 | 4200 | 0.1240        | -               |
| 1.1196 | 4250 | 0.1232        | -               |
| 1.1328 | 4300 | 0.1216        | -               |
| 1.1460 | 4350 | 0.1230        | -               |
| 1.1591 | 4400 | 0.1257        | -               |
| 1.1723 | 4450 | 0.1257        | -               |
| 1.1855 | 4500 | 0.1216        | -               |
| 1.1987 | 4550 | 0.1219        | -               |
| 1.2118 | 4600 | 0.1209        | -               |
| 1.2250 | 4650 | 0.1227        | -               |
| 1.2382 | 4700 | 0.1226        | -               |
| 1.2514 | 4750 | 0.1222        | -               |
| 1.2645 | 4800 | 0.1242        | -               |
| 1.2777 | 4850 | 0.1229        | -               |
| 1.2909 | 4900 | 0.1208        | -               |
| 1.3040 | 4950 | 0.1229        | -               |
| 1.3172 | 5000 | 0.1214        | -               |
| 1.3304 | 5050 | 0.1221        | -               |
| 1.3436 | 5100 | 0.1239        | -               |
| 1.3567 | 5150 | 0.1226        | -               |
| 1.3699 | 5200 | 0.1229        | -               |
| 1.3831 | 5250 | 0.1227        | -               |
| 1.3963 | 5300 | 0.1218        | -               |
| 1.4094 | 5350 | 0.1208        | -               |
| 1.4226 | 5400 | 0.1222        | -               |
| 1.4358 | 5450 | 0.1199        | -               |
| 1.4490 | 5500 | 0.1204        | -               |
| 1.4621 | 5550 | 0.1195        | -               |
| 1.4753 | 5600 | 0.1224        | -               |
| 1.4885 | 5650 | 0.1200        | -               |
| 1.5016 | 5700 | 0.1213        | -               |
| 1.5148 | 5750 | 0.1200        | -               |
| 1.5280 | 5800 | 0.1212        | -               |
| 1.5412 | 5850 | 0.1214        | -               |
| 1.5543 | 5900 | 0.1189        | -               |
| 1.5675 | 5950 | 0.1180        | -               |
| 1.5807 | 6000 | 0.1178        | -               |
| 1.5939 | 6050 | 0.1206        | -               |
| 1.6070 | 6100 | 0.1212        | -               |
| 1.6202 | 6150 | 0.1186        | -               |
| 1.6334 | 6200 | 0.1180        | -               |
| 1.6466 | 6250 | 0.1198        | -               |
| 1.6597 | 6300 | 0.1198        | -               |
| 1.6729 | 6350 | 0.1172        | -               |
| 1.6861 | 6400 | 0.1188        | -               |
| 1.6992 | 6450 | 0.1194        | -               |
| 1.7124 | 6500 | 0.1179        | -               |
| 1.7256 | 6550 | 0.1200        | -               |
| 1.7388 | 6600 | 0.1202        | -               |
| 1.7519 | 6650 | 0.1182        | -               |
| 1.7651 | 6700 | 0.1176        | -               |
| 1.7783 | 6750 | 0.1183        | -               |
| 1.7915 | 6800 | 0.1192        | -               |
| 1.8046 | 6850 | 0.1196        | -               |
| 1.8178 | 6900 | 0.1182        | -               |
| 1.8310 | 6950 | 0.1205        | -               |
| 1.8442 | 7000 | 0.1173        | -               |
| 1.8573 | 7050 | 0.1169        | -               |
| 1.8705 | 7100 | 0.1188        | -               |
| 1.8837 | 7150 | 0.1195        | -               |
| 1.8969 | 7200 | 0.1183        | -               |
| 1.9100 | 7250 | 0.1174        | -               |
| 1.9232 | 7300 | 0.1206        | -               |
| 1.9364 | 7350 | 0.1203        | -               |
| 1.9495 | 7400 | 0.1186        | -               |
| 1.9627 | 7450 | 0.1195        | -               |
| 1.9759 | 7500 | 0.1151        | -               |

</details>

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.13.5
- Sentence Transformers: 5.3.0
- Transformers: 5.3.0
- PyTorch: 2.10.0+cu128
- Accelerate: 1.13.0
- Datasets: 4.7.0
- Tokenizers: 0.22.2

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{oord2019representationlearningcontrastivepredictive,
      title={Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding},
      author={Aaron van den Oord and Yazhe Li and Oriol Vinyals},
      year={2019},
      eprint={1807.03748},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03748},
}
```

<!--
## Glossary

*Clearly define terms in order to be accessible across audiences.*
-->

<!--
## Model Card Authors

*Lists the people who create the model card, providing recognition and accountability for the detailed work that goes into its construction.*
-->

<!--
## Model Card Contact

*Provides a way for people who have updates to the Model Card, suggestions, or questions, to contact the Model Card authors.*
-->