dataset_name: philosophy
description: The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about philosophy.
fewshot_config:
  sampler: first_n
  samples:
  - question: 'The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental
      nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.

      (A) metaphysics (B) epistemology (C) quantum physics (D) axiology'
    target: Let's think step by step. We refer to Wikipedia articles on philosophy
      for help. Among the options, only metaphysics studies the nature of reality
      and existence. The answer is (A).
  - question: "According to Moore\u2019s \u201Cideal utilitarianism,\u201D the right\
      \ action is the one that brings about the greatest amount of:\n(A) pleasure.\
      \ (B) happiness. (C) good. (D) virtue."
    target: Let's think step by step. We refer to Wikipedia articles on philosophy
      for help. Moore's "ideal utilitarianism" states that one's actions should maximize
      intrinsic goods. The answer is (C).
  - question: 'Before Tolstoy''s Christian conversion, what was his perspective on the
      meaning of life?

      (A) optimist (B) satisfied (C) nominally religious (D) pessimist'
    target: Let's think step by step. We refer to Wikipedia articles on philosophy
      for help. Before his conversion, Tolstoy feels that life was uncertain, which
      is a pessimist's point of view. The answer is (D).
  - question: 'According to d''Holbach, people always act according to _____.

      (A) free choices (B) dictates of the soul (C) necessary natural laws (D) undetermined
      will'
    target: Let's think step by step. We refer to Wikipedia articles on philosophy
      for help. d'Holbach believes that people act according to necessary laws, and
      it proves nothing about people's free will. The answer is (C).
  - question: 'Psychological egoism is:

      (A) an ethical theory about how we ought to behave. (B) a generalization concerning
      the way people tend to behave. (C) a claim about human nature and the ways people
      are capable of behaving. (D) none of the above.'
    target: 'Let''s think step by step. We refer to Wikipedia articles on philosophy
      for help. Psychological egoism suggests that one behaves based on what makes
      one feels good, hence it is a claim about human nature and how humans are capable
      of behaving. The answer is (C).'
tag: mmlu_flan_cot_fewshot_humanities
include: _mmlu_flan_cot_fewshot_template_yaml
task: mmlu_flan_cot_fewshot_philosophy