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Model: muranAI/gemma-3n-E4B-it-GGUF Source: Original Platform
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---
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license: gemma
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base_model: google/gemma-3n-e4b-it
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tags:
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- gemma3n
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- gguf
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- quantized
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- llama.cpp
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- ollama
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- inference
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- conversational
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- multilingual
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language:
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- en
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- multilingual
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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model_type: gemma3n
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library_name: transformers
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---
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
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<em>See <a href="https://huggingface.co/muranAI">our collection</a> for all new Models.</em>
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</p>
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<div style="display: flex; gap: 5px; align-items: center; ">
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<a href="https://muranai.com/">
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<img src="https://muranai.com/images/logo_white.png" width="133">
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</a>
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</div>
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# Gemma 3n E4B IT - Complete GGUF Collection
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This repository contains a comprehensive collection of **Gemma 3n E4B Instruction-Tuned** models quantized to various GGUF formats for efficient inference on different hardware configurations.
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## 📊 **Quantization Overview**
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| **Format** | **Size (GB)** | **Compression** | **Quality** | **Use Case** |
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|------------|---------------|-----------------|-------------|--------------|
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| **F16** | 13.0 | 1.0x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 | Research, maximum quality |
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| **Q8_0** | 6.8 | 1.9x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 | Production, near-original quality |
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| **Q6_K** | 5.3 | 2.5x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟 | High-quality inference |
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| **Q5_1** | 4.9 | 2.6x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟 | Balanced quality/speed |
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| **Q5_K_M** | 4.6 | 2.8x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟 | **Recommended for most users** |
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| **Q5_K_S** | 4.5 | 2.8x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟 | Slightly faster Q5 |
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| **Q5_0** | 4.5 | 2.8x | 🌟🌟🌟🌟 | Good balance |
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| **Q4_1** | 4.2 | 3.1x | 🌟🌟🌟 | Better 4-bit quality |
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| **Q4_K_M** | 3.9 | 3.3x | 🌟🌟🌟 | **Popular choice** |
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| **Q4_K_S** | 3.8 | 3.4x | 🌟🌟🌟 | Efficient 4-bit |
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| **Q4_0** | 3.8 | 3.4x | 🌟🌟🌟 | **Most compatible** |
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| **Q3_K_L** | 3.4 | 3.8x | 🌟🌟 | High compression |
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| **Q3_K_M** | 3.2 | 4.0x | 🌟🌟 | Aggressive compression |
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| **Q3_K_S** | 3.0 | 4.3x | 🌟🌟 | Maximum speed |
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| **Q2_K** | 2.6 | 5.0x | 🌟 | Extreme compression |
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## 🚀 **Quick Start**
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### Using with Ollama
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```bash
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# Option 1: Use pre-built model (requires Ollama ≥ 0.10.0)
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ollama run gemma3n:e4b
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# Option 2: Import custom quantization
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ollama create my-gemma3n -f Modelfile
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```
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### Using with llama.cpp
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```bash
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# Download your preferred quantization
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./llama-server -m gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_m.gguf -c 4096
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# For chat interface
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./llama-chat -m gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_m.gguf --color -i
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```
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### Using with Python (llama-cpp-python)
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```python
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from llama_cpp import Llama
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# Load model
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llm = Llama(
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model_path="gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_m.gguf",
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n_ctx=4096,
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n_threads=8,
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verbose=False
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)
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# Generate response
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response = llm.create_chat_completion(
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messages=[
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{"role": "user", "content": "Hello! Can you introduce yourself?"}
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],
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max_tokens=512,
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temperature=0.7
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)
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print(response['choices'][0]['message']['content'])
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```
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## 💬 **Chat Template**
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Gemma 3n uses the following chat template:
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```
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<bos><start_of_turn>user
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{user_message}<end_of_turn>
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<start_of_turn>model
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{assistant_response}<end_of_turn>
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```
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### Recommended Parameters
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```yaml
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temperature: 0.7
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top_p: 0.9
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top_k: 40
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repeat_penalty: 1.1
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max_tokens: 4096
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stop_tokens: ["<end_of_turn>"]
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```
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## 📋 **Model Details**
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- **Base Model**: [google/gemma-3n-e4b-it](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-3n-e4b-it)
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- **Architecture**: Gemma 3n (Effective 4B parameters)
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- **Context Length**: 32,768 tokens
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- **Vocabulary Size**: 256,000 tokens
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- **Training Data**: Multilingual (140+ languages)
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- **License**: Gemma License
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### Key Features
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- ✅ **Efficient Architecture**: Uses selective parameter activation
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- ✅ **Multilingual Support**: Trained on 140+ spoken languages
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- ✅ **Instruction-Tuned**: Optimized for conversational AI
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- ✅ **Extended Context**: 32K token context window
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- ✅ **Hardware Optimized**: Designed for everyday devices
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## 🔧 **Quantization Details**
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All models were quantized using the latest **llama.cpp** with full Gemma 3n architecture support:
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### Quantization Process
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```bash
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# Example quantization command
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./llama-quantize input.gguf output.gguf q4_k_m
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```
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### Architecture-Specific Tensors
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The quantization properly handles Gemma 3n-specific components:
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- `altup_correct_coef`, `altup_correct_scale`, `altup_predict_coef`
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- `altup_router`, `altup_router_norm`
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- `laurel_l`, `laurel_r`, `laurel_post_norm`
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- Standard attention, FFN, and normalization layers
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## 📈 **Performance Benchmarks**
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Based on the original Gemma 3n E4B IT model:
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| **Benchmark** | **Score** | **Category** |
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|---------------|-----------|--------------|
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| MMLU | 64.9% | General Knowledge |
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| HumanEval | 75.0% | Code Generation |
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| HellaSwag | 78.6% | Commonsense Reasoning |
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| ARC-E | 81.6% | Elementary Science |
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| TriviaQA | 70.2% | Factual Knowledge |
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| MBPP | 63.6% | Programming |
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## 🎯 **Recommended Usage**
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### For Different Hardware:
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- **High-end GPU (24GB+ VRAM)**: Q8_0 or F16
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- **Mid-range GPU (12-16GB VRAM)**: Q6_K or Q5_K_M
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- **Consumer GPU (8-12GB VRAM)**: Q4_K_M or Q5_K_S
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- **CPU-only or low VRAM**: Q4_0 or Q3_K_M
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- **Mobile/Edge devices**: Q3_K_S or Q2_K
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### For Different Use Cases:
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- **Production chatbots**: Q5_K_M or Q4_K_M
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- **Research/evaluation**: Q8_0 or F16
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- **Rapid prototyping**: Q4_0
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- **Resource-constrained**: Q3_K_M
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- **Edge deployment**: Q2_K
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## 🛠️ **Technical Requirements**
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### Minimum System Requirements:
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- **RAM**: 4GB (for Q2_K) to 16GB (for F16)
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- **Storage**: 3GB to 13GB depending on quantization
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- **CPU**: Modern x64 processor with AVX support
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- **GPU** (optional): CUDA, OpenCL, or Metal support
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### Software Dependencies:
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- **llama.cpp**: Latest version with Gemma 3n support
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- **Python**: 3.8+ for llama-cpp-python
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- **Ollama**: 0.10.0+ for official support
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## 📚 **Usage Examples**
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### Example Conversations:
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```
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User: What is Gemma 3n and how does it differ from other models?
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Gemma 3n: I'm Gemma 3n, a helpful AI assistant created by Google. I'm part of the Gemma 3n family, which is designed for efficient execution on everyday devices like laptops, tablets, and phones.
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What makes me different from other models:
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- **Selective Parameter Activation**: I use an innovative technology that allows me to operate effectively with 4B parameters while containing more total parameters
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- **Multilingual Capabilities**: I was trained on data in over 140 spoken languages
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- **Hardware Efficiency**: I'm optimized to run well on consumer hardware, not just high-end servers
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- **Extended Context**: I can handle up to 32K tokens in context
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- **Instruction-Tuned**: I'm specifically fine-tuned for conversational interactions
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User: Can you help me write a Python function to calculate fibonacci numbers?
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Gemma 3n: Certainly! Here are a few different approaches to calculate Fibonacci numbers:
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def fibonacci_recursive(n):
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"""Recursive approach - simple but inefficient for large n"""
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if n <= 1:
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return n
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return fibonacci_recursive(n-1) + fibonacci_recursive(n-2)
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def fibonacci_iterative(n):
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"""Iterative approach - efficient and readable"""
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if n <= 1:
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return n
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a, b = 0, 1
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for _ in range(2, n + 1):
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a, b = b, a + b
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return b
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def fibonacci_generator(limit):
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"""Generator for Fibonacci sequence up to limit"""
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a, b = 0, 1
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while a < limit:
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yield a
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a, b = b, a + b
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# Examples:
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print(fibonacci_iterative(10)) # Output: 55
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print(list(fibonacci_generator(100))) # All Fib numbers < 100
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```
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## 🔧 **Troubleshooting**
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### Common Issues:
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**1. "unknown model architecture" error:**
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- Ensure you're using the latest llama.cpp with Gemma 3n support
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- Update to llama.cpp commit `8846aace` or later
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**2. Ollama compatibility issues:**
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- Update Ollama to version 0.10.0 or later for native Gemma 3n support
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- For older Ollama versions, use custom Modelfile approach
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**3. Out of memory errors:**
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- Try a smaller quantization (Q4_0, Q3_K_M, or Q2_K)
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- Reduce context length with `-c` parameter
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- Use CPU inference instead of GPU
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**4. Slow inference:**
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- Use GPU acceleration if available
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- Try quantizations like Q4_K_M or Q4_0 for better speed
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- Adjust thread count with `-t` parameter
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### Performance Tips:
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- **GPU users**: Q4_K_M or Q5_K_M offer the best speed/quality balance
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- **CPU users**: Q4_0 provides good compatibility and reasonable speed
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- **Memory-constrained**: Q3_K_M or Q2_K can run on limited hardware
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## ⚠️ **Limitations**
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- **Quantization Quality**: Lower bit quantizations (Q2_K, Q3_K) may have reduced quality
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- **Context Length**: While supporting 32K tokens, performance may degrade with very long contexts
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- **Language Coverage**: While multilingual, performance may vary across different languages
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- **Knowledge Cutoff**: Training data has a cutoff date (June 2024)
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- **Factual Accuracy**: May generate plausible but incorrect information
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- **Code Generation**: While capable, may require verification for production use
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## 🔒 **Ethical Considerations**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Bias**: Model may reflect biases present in training data
|
||||||
|
- **Safety**: Content filtering is not included in these GGUF versions
|
||||||
|
- **Verification**: Always verify outputs, especially for critical applications
|
||||||
|
- **Responsible Use**: Follow the Gemma License and ethical AI guidelines
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 📄 **Files Included**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-f16.gguf # 13.0 GB - Full precision
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q8_0.gguf # 6.8 GB - 8-bit quantization
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q6_k.gguf # 5.3 GB - 6-bit K-quant
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_1.gguf # 4.9 GB - 5-bit (high quality)
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_k_m.gguf # 4.6 GB - 5-bit K-quant medium
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_k_s.gguf # 4.5 GB - 5-bit K-quant small
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_0.gguf # 4.5 GB - 5-bit standard
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_1.gguf # 4.2 GB - 4-bit (improved)
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_m.gguf # 3.9 GB - 4-bit K-quant medium
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_s.gguf # 3.8 GB - 4-bit K-quant small
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_0.gguf # 3.8 GB - 4-bit standard
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_l.gguf # 3.4 GB - 3-bit K-quant large
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_m.gguf # 3.2 GB - 3-bit K-quant medium
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_s.gguf # 3.0 GB - 3-bit K-quant small
|
||||||
|
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q2_k.gguf # 2.6 GB - 2-bit K-quant
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 🙏 **Acknowledgments**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Google DeepMind**: For developing and releasing Gemma 3n
|
||||||
|
- **llama.cpp community**: For implementing Gemma 3n architecture support
|
||||||
|
- **Hugging Face**: For providing the model hosting platform
|
||||||
|
- **Quantization**: Performed using the latest llama.cpp tools
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 📞 **Support & Community**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Issues**: Report problems in the repository issues
|
||||||
|
- **Discussions**: Join the community discussions
|
||||||
|
- **Updates**: Follow for model updates and improvements
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 📜 **Citation**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you use these models in your research, please cite:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bibtex
|
||||||
|
@article{gemma_3n_2025,
|
||||||
|
title={Gemma 3n},
|
||||||
|
url={https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/gemma-3n},
|
||||||
|
publisher={Google DeepMind},
|
||||||
|
author={Gemma Team},
|
||||||
|
year={2025}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**License**: This model is released under the Gemma License. Please review the license terms before use.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Disclaimer**: These quantized models are provided for research and educational purposes. Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with applicable laws and ethical guidelines.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Gemma 3n model card
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Model Page**: [Gemma 3n](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/gemma-3n)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Resources and Technical Documentation**:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/responsible)
|
||||||
|
- [Gemma on Kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/gemma-3n)
|
||||||
|
- [Gemma on HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/collections/google/gemma-3n-685065323f5984ef315c93f4)
|
||||||
|
- [Gemma on Vertex Model Garden](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/publishers/google/model-garden/gemma3n)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Terms of Use**: [Terms](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/terms)\
|
||||||
|
**Authors**: Google DeepMind
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Model Information
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Description
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google,
|
||||||
|
built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models.
|
||||||
|
Gemma 3n models are designed for efficient execution on low-resource devices.
|
||||||
|
They are capable of multimodal input, handling text, image, video, and audio
|
||||||
|
input, and generating text outputs, with open weights for pre-trained and
|
||||||
|
instruction-tuned variants. These models were trained with data in over 140
|
||||||
|
spoken languages.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Gemma 3n models use selective parameter activation technology to reduce resource
|
||||||
|
requirements. This technique allows the models to operate at an effective size
|
||||||
|
of 2B and 4B parameters, which is lower than the total number of parameters they
|
||||||
|
contain. For more information on Gemma 3n's efficient parameter management
|
||||||
|
technology, see the
|
||||||
|
[Gemma 3n](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/gemma-3n#parameters)
|
||||||
|
page.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Inputs and outputs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Input:**
|
||||||
|
- Text string, such as a question, a prompt, or a document to be
|
||||||
|
summarized
|
||||||
|
- Images, normalized to 256x256, 512x512, or 768x768 resolution
|
||||||
|
and encoded to 256 tokens each
|
||||||
|
- Audio data encoded to 6.25 tokens per second from a single channel
|
||||||
|
- Total input context of 32K tokens
|
||||||
|
- **Output:**
|
||||||
|
- Generated text in response to the input, such as an answer to a
|
||||||
|
question, analysis of image content, or a summary of a document
|
||||||
|
- Total output length up to 32K tokens, subtracting the request
|
||||||
|
input tokens
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Usage
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Below, there are some code snippets on how to get quickly started with running
|
||||||
|
the model. First, install the Transformers library. Gemma 3n is supported
|
||||||
|
starting from transformers 4.53.0.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```sh
|
||||||
|
$ pip install -U transformers
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Then, copy the snippet from the section that is relevant for your use case.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Running with the `pipeline` API
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You can initialize the model and processor for inference with `pipeline` as
|
||||||
|
follows.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
from transformers import pipeline
|
||||||
|
import torch
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
pipe = pipeline(
|
||||||
|
"image-text-to-text",
|
||||||
|
model="google/gemma-3n-e4b-it",
|
||||||
|
device="cuda",
|
||||||
|
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With instruction-tuned models, you need to use chat templates to process our
|
||||||
|
inputs first. Then, you can pass it to the pipeline.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
messages = [
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"role": "system",
|
||||||
|
"content": [{"type": "text", "text": "You are a helpful assistant."}]
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"role": "user",
|
||||||
|
"content": [
|
||||||
|
{"type": "image", "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/p-blog/candy.JPG"},
|
||||||
|
{"type": "text", "text": "What animal is on the candy?"}
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
output = pipe(text=messages, max_new_tokens=200)
|
||||||
|
print(output[0]["generated_text"][-1]["content"])
|
||||||
|
# Okay, let's take a look!
|
||||||
|
# Based on the image, the animal on the candy is a **turtle**.
|
||||||
|
# You can see the shell shape and the head and legs.
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Running the model on a single GPU
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
from transformers import AutoProcessor, Gemma3nForConditionalGeneration
|
||||||
|
from PIL import Image
|
||||||
|
import requests
|
||||||
|
import torch
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
model_id = "google/gemma-3n-e4b-it"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
model = Gemma3nForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,).eval()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
messages = [
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"role": "system",
|
||||||
|
"content": [{"type": "text", "text": "You are a helpful assistant."}]
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"role": "user",
|
||||||
|
"content": [
|
||||||
|
{"type": "image", "image": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/bee.jpg"},
|
||||||
|
{"type": "text", "text": "Describe this image in detail."}
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
inputs = processor.apply_chat_template(
|
||||||
|
messages,
|
||||||
|
add_generation_prompt=True,
|
||||||
|
tokenize=True,
|
||||||
|
return_dict=True,
|
||||||
|
return_tensors="pt",
|
||||||
|
).to(model.device)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
input_len = inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
with torch.inference_mode():
|
||||||
|
generation = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100, do_sample=False)
|
||||||
|
generation = generation[0][input_len:]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
decoded = processor.decode(generation, skip_special_tokens=True)
|
||||||
|
print(decoded)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# **Overall Impression:** The image is a close-up shot of a vibrant garden scene,
|
||||||
|
# focusing on a cluster of pink cosmos flowers and a busy bumblebee.
|
||||||
|
# It has a slightly soft, natural feel, likely captured in daylight.
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Citation
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
@article{gemma_3n_2025,
|
||||||
|
title={Gemma 3n},
|
||||||
|
url={https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/gemma-3n},
|
||||||
|
publisher={Google DeepMind},
|
||||||
|
author={Gemma Team},
|
||||||
|
year={2025}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Model Data
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Data used for model training and how the data was processed.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Training Dataset
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
These models were trained on a dataset that includes a wide variety of sources
|
||||||
|
totalling approximately 11 trillion tokens. The knowledge cutoff date for the
|
||||||
|
training data was June 2024. Here are the key components:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Web Documents**: A diverse collection of web text ensures the model
|
||||||
|
is exposed to a broad range of linguistic styles, topics, and vocabulary.
|
||||||
|
The training dataset includes content in over 140 languages.
|
||||||
|
- **Code**: Exposing the model to code helps it to learn the syntax and
|
||||||
|
patterns of programming languages, which improves its ability to generate
|
||||||
|
code and understand code-related questions.
|
||||||
|
- **Mathematics**: Training on mathematical text helps the model learn
|
||||||
|
logical reasoning, symbolic representation, and to address mathematical queries.
|
||||||
|
- **Images**: A wide range of images enables the model to perform image
|
||||||
|
analysis and visual data extraction tasks.
|
||||||
|
- Audio: A diverse set of sound samples enables the model to recognize
|
||||||
|
speech, transcribe text from recordings, and identify information in audio data.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The combination of these diverse data sources is crucial for training a
|
||||||
|
powerful multimodal model that can handle a wide variety of different tasks and
|
||||||
|
data formats.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Data Preprocessing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Here are the key data cleaning and filtering methods applied to the training
|
||||||
|
data:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **CSAM Filtering**: Rigorous CSAM (Child Sexual Abuse Material)
|
||||||
|
filtering was applied at multiple stages in the data preparation process to
|
||||||
|
ensure the exclusion of harmful and illegal content.
|
||||||
|
- **Sensitive Data Filtering**: As part of making Gemma pre-trained models
|
||||||
|
safe and reliable, automated techniques were used to filter out certain
|
||||||
|
personal information and other sensitive data from training sets.
|
||||||
|
- **Additional methods**: Filtering based on content quality and safety in
|
||||||
|
line with
|
||||||
|
[our policies](https://ai.google/static/documents/ai-responsibility-update-published-february-2025.pdf).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Implementation Information
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Details about the model internals.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Hardware
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Gemma was trained using [Tensor Processing Unit
|
||||||
|
(TPU)](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/intro-to-tpu) hardware (TPUv4p, TPUv5p
|
||||||
|
and TPUv5e). Training generative models requires significant computational
|
||||||
|
power. TPUs, designed specifically for matrix operations common in machine
|
||||||
|
learning, offer several advantages in this domain:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Performance**: TPUs are specifically designed to handle the massive
|
||||||
|
computations involved in training generative models. They can speed up
|
||||||
|
training considerably compared to CPUs.
|
||||||
|
- **Memory**: TPUs often come with large amounts of high-bandwidth memory,
|
||||||
|
allowing for the handling of large models and batch sizes during training.
|
||||||
|
This can lead to better model quality.
|
||||||
|
- **Scalability**: TPU Pods (large clusters of TPUs) provide a scalable
|
||||||
|
solution for handling the growing complexity of large foundation models.
|
||||||
|
You can distribute training across multiple TPU devices for faster and more
|
||||||
|
efficient processing.
|
||||||
|
- **Cost-effectiveness**: In many scenarios, TPUs can provide a more
|
||||||
|
cost-effective solution for training large models compared to CPU-based
|
||||||
|
infrastructure, especially when considering the time and resources saved
|
||||||
|
due to faster training.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
These advantages are aligned with
|
||||||
|
[Google's commitments to operate sustainably](https://sustainability.google/operating-sustainably/).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Software
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Training was done using [JAX](https://github.com/jax-ml/jax) and
|
||||||
|
[ML Pathways](https://blog.google/technology/ai/introducing-pathways-next-generation-ai-architecture/).
|
||||||
|
JAX allows researchers to take advantage of the latest generation of hardware,
|
||||||
|
including TPUs, for faster and more efficient training of large models. ML
|
||||||
|
Pathways is Google's latest effort to build artificially intelligent systems
|
||||||
|
capable of generalizing across multiple tasks. This is specially suitable for
|
||||||
|
foundation models, including large language models like these ones.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Together, JAX and ML Pathways are used as described in the
|
||||||
|
[paper about the Gemini family of models](https://goo.gle/gemma2report):
|
||||||
|
*"the 'single controller' programming model of Jax and Pathways allows a single
|
||||||
|
Python process to orchestrate the entire training run, dramatically simplifying
|
||||||
|
the development workflow."*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Evaluation
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Model evaluation metrics and results.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Benchmark Results
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
These models were evaluated at full precision (float32) against a large
|
||||||
|
collection of different datasets and metrics to cover different aspects of
|
||||||
|
content generation. Evaluation results marked with **IT** are for
|
||||||
|
instruction-tuned models. Evaluation results marked with **PT** are for
|
||||||
|
pre-trained models.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Reasoning and factuality
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Benchmark | Metric | n-shot | E2B PT | E4B PT |
|
||||||
|
| ------------------------------ |----------------|----------|:--------:|:--------:|
|
||||||
|
| [HellaSwag][hellaswag] | Accuracy | 10-shot | 72.2 | 78.6 |
|
||||||
|
| [BoolQ][boolq] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 76.4 | 81.6 |
|
||||||
|
| [PIQA][piqa] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 78.9 | 81.0 |
|
||||||
|
| [SocialIQA][socialiqa] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 48.8 | 50.0 |
|
||||||
|
| [TriviaQA][triviaqa] | Accuracy | 5-shot | 60.8 | 70.2 |
|
||||||
|
| [Natural Questions][naturalq] | Accuracy | 5-shot | 15.5 | 20.9 |
|
||||||
|
| [ARC-c][arc] | Accuracy | 25-shot | 51.7 | 61.6 |
|
||||||
|
| [ARC-e][arc] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 75.8 | 81.6 |
|
||||||
|
| [WinoGrande][winogrande] | Accuracy | 5-shot | 66.8 | 71.7 |
|
||||||
|
| [BIG-Bench Hard][bbh] | Accuracy | few-shot | 44.3 | 52.9 |
|
||||||
|
| [DROP][drop] | Token F1 score | 1-shot | 53.9 | 60.8 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[hellaswag]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830
|
||||||
|
[boolq]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10044
|
||||||
|
[piqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11641
|
||||||
|
[socialiqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728
|
||||||
|
[triviaqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03551
|
||||||
|
[naturalq]: https://github.com/google-research-datasets/natural-questions
|
||||||
|
[arc]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547
|
||||||
|
[winogrande]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641
|
||||||
|
[bbh]: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/bbh
|
||||||
|
[drop]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00161
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Multilingual
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Benchmark | Metric | n-shot | E2B IT | E4B IT |
|
||||||
|
| ------------------------------------|-------------------------|----------|:--------:|:--------:|
|
||||||
|
| [MGSM][mgsm] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 53.1 | 60.7 |
|
||||||
|
| [WMT24++][wmt24pp] (ChrF) | Character-level F-score | 0-shot | 42.7 | 50.1 |
|
||||||
|
| [Include][include] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 38.6 | 57.2 |
|
||||||
|
| [MMLU][mmlu] (ProX) | Accuracy | 0-shot | 8.1 | 19.9 |
|
||||||
|
| [OpenAI MMLU][openai-mmlu] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 22.3 | 35.6 |
|
||||||
|
| [Global-MMLU][global-mmlu] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 55.1 | 60.3 |
|
||||||
|
| [ECLeKTic][eclektic] | ECLeKTic score | 0-shot | 2.5 | 1.9 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[mgsm]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03057
|
||||||
|
[wmt24pp]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12404v1
|
||||||
|
[include]:https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19799
|
||||||
|
[mmlu]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300
|
||||||
|
[openai-mmlu]: https://huggingface.co/datasets/openai/MMMLU
|
||||||
|
[global-mmlu]: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CohereLabs/Global-MMLU
|
||||||
|
[eclektic]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21228
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### STEM and code
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Benchmark | Metric | n-shot | E2B IT | E4B IT |
|
||||||
|
| ------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------|:--------:|:--------:|
|
||||||
|
| [GPQA][gpqa] Diamond | RelaxedAccuracy/accuracy | 0-shot | 24.8 | 23.7 |
|
||||||
|
| [LiveCodeBench][lcb] v5 | pass@1 | 0-shot | 18.6 | 25.7 |
|
||||||
|
| Codegolf v2.2 | pass@1 | 0-shot | 11.0 | 16.8 |
|
||||||
|
| [AIME 2025][aime-2025] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 6.7 | 11.6 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[gpqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12022
|
||||||
|
[lcb]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07974
|
||||||
|
[aime-2025]: https://www.vals.ai/benchmarks/aime-2025-05-09
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Additional benchmarks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Benchmark | Metric | n-shot | E2B IT | E4B IT |
|
||||||
|
| ------------------------------------ |------------|----------|:--------:|:--------:|
|
||||||
|
| [MMLU][mmlu] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 60.1 | 64.9 |
|
||||||
|
| [MBPP][mbpp] | pass@1 | 3-shot | 56.6 | 63.6 |
|
||||||
|
| [HumanEval][humaneval] | pass@1 | 0-shot | 66.5 | 75.0 |
|
||||||
|
| [LiveCodeBench][lcb] | pass@1 | 0-shot | 13.2 | 13.2 |
|
||||||
|
| HiddenMath | Accuracy | 0-shot | 27.7 | 37.7 |
|
||||||
|
| [Global-MMLU-Lite][global-mmlu-lite] | Accuracy | 0-shot | 59.0 | 64.5 |
|
||||||
|
| [MMLU][mmlu] (Pro) | Accuracy | 0-shot | 40.5 | 50.6 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[gpqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12022
|
||||||
|
[mbpp]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07732
|
||||||
|
[humaneval]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374
|
||||||
|
[lcb]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07974
|
||||||
|
[global-mmlu-lite]: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CohereForAI/Global-MMLU-Lite
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Ethics and Safety
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ethics and safety evaluation approach and results.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Evaluation Approach
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Our evaluation methods include structured evaluations and internal red-teaming
|
||||||
|
testing of relevant content policies. Red-teaming was conducted by a number of
|
||||||
|
different teams, each with different goals and human evaluation metrics. These
|
||||||
|
models were evaluated against a number of different categories relevant to
|
||||||
|
ethics and safety, including:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Child Safety**: Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text prompts
|
||||||
|
covering child safety policies, including child sexual abuse and
|
||||||
|
exploitation.
|
||||||
|
- **Content Safety:** Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text prompts
|
||||||
|
covering safety policies including, harassment, violence and gore, and hate
|
||||||
|
speech.
|
||||||
|
- **Representational Harms**: Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text
|
||||||
|
prompts covering safety policies including bias, stereotyping, and harmful
|
||||||
|
associations or inaccuracies.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In addition to development level evaluations, we conduct "assurance
|
||||||
|
evaluations" which are our 'arms-length' internal evaluations for responsibility
|
||||||
|
governance decision making. They are conducted separately from the model
|
||||||
|
development team, to inform decision making about release. High level findings
|
||||||
|
are fed back to the model team, but prompt sets are held-out to prevent
|
||||||
|
overfitting and preserve the results' ability to inform decision making. Notable
|
||||||
|
assurance evaluation results are reported to our Responsibility & Safety Council
|
||||||
|
as part of release review.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Evaluation Results
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For all areas of safety testing, we saw safe levels of performance across the
|
||||||
|
categories of child safety, content safety, and representational harms relative
|
||||||
|
to previous Gemma models. All testing was conducted without safety filters to
|
||||||
|
evaluate the model capabilities and behaviors. For text-to-text, image-to-text,
|
||||||
|
and audio-to-text, and across all model sizes, the model produced minimal policy
|
||||||
|
violations, and showed significant improvements over previous Gemma models'
|
||||||
|
performance with respect to high severity violations. A limitation of our
|
||||||
|
evaluations was they included primarily English language prompts.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Usage and Limitations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Intended Usage
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Open generative models have a wide range of applications across various
|
||||||
|
industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not
|
||||||
|
comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information
|
||||||
|
about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model
|
||||||
|
training and development.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Content Creation and Communication
|
||||||
|
- **Text Generation**: Generate creative text formats such as
|
||||||
|
poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
|
||||||
|
- **Chatbots and Conversational AI**: Power conversational
|
||||||
|
interfaces for customer service, virtual assistants, or interactive
|
||||||
|
applications.
|
||||||
|
- **Text Summarization**: Generate concise summaries of a text
|
||||||
|
corpus, research papers, or reports.
|
||||||
|
- **Image Data Extraction**: Extract, interpret, and summarize
|
||||||
|
visual data for text communications.
|
||||||
|
- **Audio Data Extraction**: Transcribe spoken language, translate speech
|
||||||
|
to text in other languages, and analyze sound-based data.
|
||||||
|
- Research and Education
|
||||||
|
- **Natural Language Processing (NLP) and generative model
|
||||||
|
Research**: These models can serve as a foundation for researchers to
|
||||||
|
experiment with generative models and NLP techniques, develop
|
||||||
|
algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
|
||||||
|
- **Language Learning Tools**: Support interactive language
|
||||||
|
learning experiences, aiding in grammar correction or providing writing
|
||||||
|
practice.
|
||||||
|
- **Knowledge Exploration**: Assist researchers in exploring large
|
||||||
|
bodies of data by generating summaries or answering questions about
|
||||||
|
specific topics.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Limitations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Training Data
|
||||||
|
- The quality and diversity of the training data significantly
|
||||||
|
influence the model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data
|
||||||
|
can lead to limitations in the model's responses.
|
||||||
|
- The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas
|
||||||
|
the model can handle effectively.
|
||||||
|
- Context and Task Complexity
|
||||||
|
- Models are better at tasks that can be framed with clear
|
||||||
|
prompts and instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be
|
||||||
|
challenging.
|
||||||
|
- A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context
|
||||||
|
provided (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a
|
||||||
|
certain point).
|
||||||
|
- Language Ambiguity and Nuance
|
||||||
|
- Natural language is inherently complex. Models might struggle
|
||||||
|
to grasp subtle nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
|
||||||
|
- Factual Accuracy
|
||||||
|
- Models generate responses based on information they learned
|
||||||
|
from their training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They
|
||||||
|
may generate incorrect or outdated factual statements.
|
||||||
|
- Common Sense
|
||||||
|
- Models rely on statistical patterns in language. They might
|
||||||
|
lack the ability to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Ethical Considerations and Risks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The development of generative models raises several ethical concerns. In
|
||||||
|
creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Bias and Fairness
|
||||||
|
- Generative models trained on large-scale, real-world text and image data
|
||||||
|
can reflect socio-cultural biases embedded in the training material.
|
||||||
|
These models underwent careful scrutiny, input data pre-processing
|
||||||
|
described and posterior evaluations reported in this card.
|
||||||
|
- Misinformation and Misuse
|
||||||
|
- Generative models can be misused to generate text that is
|
||||||
|
false, misleading, or harmful.
|
||||||
|
- Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the
|
||||||
|
[Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/responsible).
|
||||||
|
- Transparency and Accountability:
|
||||||
|
- This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture,
|
||||||
|
capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
|
||||||
|
- A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to
|
||||||
|
share innovation by making generative model technology accessible to
|
||||||
|
developers and researchers across the AI ecosystem.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Risks identified and mitigations:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Perpetuation of biases**: It's encouraged to perform continuous monitoring
|
||||||
|
(using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of de-biasing
|
||||||
|
techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
|
||||||
|
- **Generation of harmful content**: Mechanisms and guidelines for content
|
||||||
|
safety are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and
|
||||||
|
implement appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific
|
||||||
|
product policies and application use cases.
|
||||||
|
- **Misuse for malicious purposes**: Technical limitations and developer
|
||||||
|
and end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of
|
||||||
|
generative models. Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users
|
||||||
|
to flag misuse are provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined
|
||||||
|
in the
|
||||||
|
[Gemma Prohibited Use Policy](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/prohibited_use_policy).
|
||||||
|
- **Privacy violations**: Models were trained on data filtered for removal of
|
||||||
|
certain personal information and other sensitive data. Developers are
|
||||||
|
encouraged to adhere to privacy regulations with privacy-preserving
|
||||||
|
techniques.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Benefits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
At the time of release, this family of models provides high-performance open
|
||||||
|
generative model implementations designed from the ground up for responsible AI
|
||||||
|
development compared to similarly sized models.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Using the benchmark evaluation metrics described in this document, these models
|
||||||
|
have shown to provide superior performance to other, comparably-sized open model
|
||||||
|
alternatives.
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-f16.gguf
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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|
size 13740103424
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q2_k.gguf
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size 2757318400
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gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_l.gguf
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gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_l.gguf
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 3601995520
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gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_m.gguf
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gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_m.gguf
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|
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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||||||
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size 3440908032
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_s.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q3_k_s.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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||||||
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oid sha256:3d403f233f10c50f101a3893d72a1399524f9c31c07641eed07352b836bdf320
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||||||
|
size 3251910400
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_0.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_0.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:1a418ad202f79d59e4750686dc2bd0ab5080e8cb28377d7f7d2dcccd124d7560
|
||||||
|
size 4085405440
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_1.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_1.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:8e6427d9abaff347a6f0035d8d5a97b324881369d34bfce617efa8df67d3aef3
|
||||||
|
size 4477638400
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_m.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_m.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:8787ebd821cfcfeabd46a3a629747747d0df8cdbf8df00d8b5bf6f3b0aa37564
|
||||||
|
size 4237063936
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_s.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q4_k_s.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:ed137264f2d9c882d209f47c6adfba87802f43ee1781c9aee1a2764564ec852a
|
||||||
|
size 4102706944
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_0.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_0.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:def2a94ecc699a05fc433068ddb14ae85162e6df8c76f5341e4cda75f3415022
|
||||||
|
size 4869871360
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_1.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_1.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:166c352191af1df930d31977ca6b6cb8e75868f69c7b6eb91a853d6cf39209e6
|
||||||
|
size 5262104320
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_k_m.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_k_m.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:5f934154eee9fd8c2580d87d10c3a8e6f4e5b8821452680f8a58d6c678bf34d1
|
||||||
|
size 4947998464
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_k_s.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q5_k_s.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:5e27e4cfe3a8a5586b18f25f2b9918211f2d741f74ef7679878604b0f0141d33
|
||||||
|
size 4869871360
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q6_k.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q6_k.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:fe210f251e725916fd50d8bd39c10a54d9226266ef6dc7c324f85f16b1a5d894
|
||||||
|
size 5703366400
|
||||||
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q8_0.gguf
Normal file
3
gemma-3n-e4b-it-q8_0.gguf
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
|||||||
|
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
||||||
|
oid sha256:f2c5e98a7564d73f23019c015ed6b4a44a2ebd6780e55205ead7f9eb6b95e72d
|
||||||
|
size 7353292544
|
||||||
11
params
Normal file
11
params
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"stop": [
|
||||||
|
"<end_of_turn>",
|
||||||
|
"<eos>"
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
"temperature": 0.6,
|
||||||
|
"min_p" : 0.00,
|
||||||
|
"repeat_penalty" : 1.0,
|
||||||
|
"top_k" : 64,
|
||||||
|
"top_p" : 0.95
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
11
template
Normal file
11
template
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||||||
|
{{- range $i, $_ := .Messages }}
|
||||||
|
{{- $last := eq (len (slice $.Messages $i)) 1 }}
|
||||||
|
{{- if or (eq .Role "user") (eq .Role "system") }}<start_of_turn>user
|
||||||
|
{{ .Content }}<end_of_turn>
|
||||||
|
{{ if $last }}<start_of_turn>model
|
||||||
|
{{ end }}
|
||||||
|
{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}<start_of_turn>model
|
||||||
|
{{ .Content }}{{ if not $last }}<end_of_turn>
|
||||||
|
{{ end }}
|
||||||
|
{{- end }}
|
||||||
|
{{- end }}
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user