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<snippet id="S_SvIkmlU,S_rtPxhtT">Umbrella reviews indicate that the time of day for resistance training (morning vs. evening) does not significantly affect increases in muscle strength and mass, with both timings yielding similar hypertrophy results</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_JKFS2Wu">some evidence suggests evening resistance training may lead to greater muscle hypertrophy, with a 24-week study showing larger muscle cross-sectional area in men</snippet>, though Sedliak et al's similar trends were statistically insignificant. <snippet id="S_HhyT8Rz">Chronotype appears to modify outcomes, with morning training reducing diurnal variation in performance and evening training enhancing it, suggesting athletes should train at their preferred time</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gRYJWoz">Time-of-day effects may also differ by sex, with morning exercise in women enhancing fat loss and evening exercise in men increasing upper body strength and power</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">The field acknowledges the need for more research to verify if differences exist between morning vs. evening training and to assess individual responses based on chronotype</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pEFpI1F">Some studies found no significant differences in psychological improvements based on time of day, but limitations include small participant size and lack of chronotype evaluation</snippet>. Overall, evidence suggests training time should be based on personal preference and chronotype alignment rather than a universal "best" time.
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Umbrella reviews indicate that increases in muscle strength and mass do not significantly differ between morning and evening resistance training <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT,S_SvIkmlU>. Acute performance metrics typically peak around 6:00 p.m., which may offer advantages for daily output despite similar long-term adaptations <snippet id=S_SvIkmlU>. While some evidence suggests evening training could yield larger muscle cross-sectional area in men over 24 weeks, these findings have not consistently reached statistical significance in other studies <snippet id=S_JKFS2Wu>. Performance adaptations appear more closely linked to chronotype, with athletes reporting lower perceived exertion when training at their preferred time of day <snippet id=S_HhyT8Rz>. Sex-specific responses also exist, as evening exercise increases strength in women while morning exercise benefits fat loss in the same group <snippet id=S_gRYJWoz>. Therefore, experts recommend selecting training times based on personal preference to maximize adherence given the lack of clear superiority between schedules <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT>.
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<snippet id="S_krnNJsl">Digital health equity training for healthcare professionals is recognized as essential, with the Association of American Medical Colleges reporting 60% of medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">structured, evidence-based training with competency frameworks is recommended for allied health professionals to ensure effective delivery in virtual environments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">However, research indicates a lack of attention to health equity in digital health solution development, with providers often lacking training in digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Telehealth can exacerbate disparities for disadvantaged groups due to barriers including broadband access, digital literacy, and socioeconomic status, emphasizing the need for health equity-focused training</snippet>. <snippet id="S_b61oqd3">Disparities persist among individuals with lower income, less education, and racial or ethnic minorities, highlighting the digital divide that requires ongoing investment in digital literacy for both professionals and patients</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">Digital navigators are emerging roles requiring specific competencies in digital health, with proposed training programs focusing on technical assistance in clinical workflows</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ChDg9cS">Training healthcare providers to understand social determinants of health is essential for tailoring telemedicine services to meet the specific needs of patients from diverse populations</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) application to cotton seeds has been studied in greenhouse experiments using doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed</snippet>, with effects evaluated 21 days after sowing. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio, or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>, suggesting it is not expected to have deleterious effects on plant water acquisition. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Mepiquat chloride is effective in controlling excessive cotton growth, significantly reducing plant height and node number, with optimal efficacy at 30 ºC during the day and 20 ºC at night</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields, increasing leaf thickness, reducing leaf area, and shortening internodes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications of MC are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Field studies in Brazil evaluated doses up to 125 g ha⁻¹ applied at 34, 47, and 62 days after emergence, showing decreasing trends in plant height, node number, and boll production with increasing dosage</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H2pBJjb">Cultivar sensitivity to MC varies, with earlier cultivars being more sensitive, and the effect is intensified by increasing the dosage</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel "The Joy Luck Club" centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">Central themes include generational conflict as mothers' traditional Chinese values and traumatic pasts clash with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">The novel explores cultural and generational conflict—Chinese tradition, silence, and fate versus American individualism and limited understanding</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Stories move from resentment to partial reconciliation as daughters recognize their mothers' intentions and shared histories through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">Recurrent motifs include storytelling, food, mahjong, and parables that reveal mothers' pasts and daughters' misreadings</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<snippet id="S_386ZR9h">High-throughput single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) has been used to analyze cell type composition in the adult mouse brain across 92 anatomical locations, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus</snippet>, though this study does not specifically report ketamine or antidepressant treatment effects. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage and can be applied to archived frozen specimens, with nuclear RNA containing 20-50% of total cellular mRNA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, particularly in the context of psychiatric disorders</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">the available literature focuses on major depressive disorder (MDD) rather than antidepressant treatment responses, with findings implicating oligodendrocyte precursor cells and excitatory neurons</snippet>. <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">scRNA-seq has been used to study cortical neuronal spine maturation and synaptogenesis, with implications for understanding neuronal development in the context of ketamine effects</snippet>, but this does not specifically report ketamine treatment outcomes. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Rodent models for psychiatric disorders have been characterized using scRNA-seq, with publicly available datasets and cell atlases for validation</snippet>. The search results do not provide specific scRNA-seq evidence on ketamine or SSRIs-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in PFC or hippocampus with quantitative DEG/pathway data.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">The Netherlands has implemented supportive policy frameworks including the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' allowing temporary use of buildings with cultural history integrated into land use plans, and a national adaptive reuse program under the 'heritage counts' 2018−21 policy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">Research on Dutch adaptive reuse shows a significant shift towards private sector involvement with private ownership increasing from 45% to 89%, and 96% of stakeholders affirm the importance of adaptive reuse for preserving cultural values</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw,S_7auStQm">Adaptive reuse is recognized as a driver for circularity by reducing raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions, though the focus remains primarily at the physical/built environment level with limited integration of socio-economic factors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable Dutch cases include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA/Van Nelle Fabriek in Rotterdam repurposed into offices, demonstrating how adaptive reuse can enhance social, economic, and environmental benefits in urban regeneration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is noted disconnect between preservation of cultural values and perceived importance of circularity performance, indicating a need for broader integration of urban social and economic factors beyond the built environment context</snippet>. <snippet id="S_OA7YTXa">Studies in the Netherlands post-financial recession (2014 onwards) have documented 123 adaptive reuse projects, showing increased commercial and residential uses addressing housing shortages, though community-led initiatives are not specifically quantified in these reports</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied in blended teaching methodologies using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions to measure student motivation</snippet>, though this study focused on IT in Business undergraduate students rather than nursing or health professions specifically. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">Blended learning interventions in nursing education have been shown to enhance nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>, but these studies did not use ARCS-based measures. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">A study on online learning in nursing focused on nurses' knowledge of motivation</snippet> but did not employ the IMMS or ARCS subscales for interest/attention measurement. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">Blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners</snippet>, yet no ARCS/IMMS instruments were identified in this research. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">Qualitative studies on motivation regulation strategies in blended learning for nursing students exist</snippet>, but they did not use quantitative ARCS-based measures. The search results do not provide explicit evidence of IMMS/CIS subscales (Interest/Attention) being used in nursing or health professions for blended/e-learning contexts.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented for EHR data using datasets like MIMIC III, where the data is mapped to an ontology using text refinement and Protege, then converted to RDF and stored in GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">This implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 s, enabling efficient data analysis for patient outcomes and risk factor identification</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph has potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. However, these snippets do not specifically address virtual knowledge graph approaches using semantic data dictionaries or linked codebooks for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional research on EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems exists for utilizing non-used information buried in routine clinical practice</snippet>. The available evidence demonstrates that knowledge graphs can capture semantic relationships in EHRs, but the specific techniques of semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches are not detailed in these results.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching, but it can result in co-precipitation of lithium, causing total lithium losses up to 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 30% with precipitation alone</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Chemical precipitation, cementation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, or membrane separations can be applied for purification to separate dissolved metals from impurities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Research compares classic precipitation of lithium from pregnant leaching liquors with sodium carbonate against alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Nanofiltration (NF) processes can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from battery leachates, improving lithium yield and reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BL0qJCk">Solvent extraction, ion-exchange resins, and precipitation are widely used in recycling routes to obtain products from solutions after inorganic and organic acid leaching</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy can recover lithium in addition to other transition metals, though it is more suitable for recycling spent LIBs with single chemical composition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0C7XVAE">Refining the leachate is necessary to remove impurities and extract valuable metals through various methods, including precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction, electrowinning, and ion exchange</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">Britannica states a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">another Britannica source notes blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">a Britannica Kids page indicates a 154-pound person has about 12 pints (5.5 liters) of blood</snippet>, showing some variation in the available data. These Britannica sources provide ranges rather than a single average value, with estimates spanning from approximately 4.5 to 6.8 liters depending on the source and method of calculation.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn is described as a bcc derived I-43m structure with tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 with 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>. This confirms alpha-Mn as a candidate for a "near-BCC" cubic structure that lacks true BCC symmetry due to tetrahedral-site environments. The I-43m space group is consistent with the agent's search for cubic I-centered structures with tetrahedrally coordinated motifs. However, the available snippets do not explicitly state that this distortion results from displacements toward tetrahedral interstitials or that tetrahedral-site occupancy inherently reduces symmetry in this specific case. Additional literature would be needed to fully establish the tetrahedral displacement mechanism in alpha-Mn.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD Phase 3 trial enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 into a 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab arm or placebo arm</snippet>, with the primary endpoint being the change from baseline on the CDR-SB at 18 months. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_p20O8Yh">Lecanemab significantly slowed cognitive decline on the CDR-SB by 27% compared to placebo (p < 0.001), representing a between-group difference of −0.45 CDR points</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_VxjMD7K">Safety data showed ARIA-E incidence of 12.5% to 12.6% with lecanemab versus 1.7% to 1.9% with placebo, and ARIA-H incidence of 17% to 17.3% with lecanemab versus 8.7% to 9.0% with placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_eLnlbcY">The incidence of ARIA was higher in APOE ε4 carriers than in noncarriers, with APOE ε4 homozygotes having the highest incidence (ARIA-H: 39%, ARIA-E: 32.6%)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_VxjMD7K">Infusion-related reactions were the most common AEs in the lecanemab dosage arm, occurring in 26.4% to 26.5% with lecanemab versus 7.4% to 7.5% with placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_VxjMD7K">Additional safety data from the combined Core + OLE phases showed ARIA-E incidence of 12.6% with lecanemab versus 1.7% with placebo, and ARIA-H incidence of 16.9% with lecanemab versus 8.9% with placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_i9d1QdD">Secondary endpoints included ADAS-Cog14 (difference −1.44), ADCOMS (difference −0.05), and ADCS-MCI-ADL (difference 2), all showing significantly slower decline than placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_eLnlbcY">Amyloid PET plaque levels were reduced by −55.48 to −59.1 centiloids in the lecanemab group compared to placebo</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A study on inductive learning found participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">interleaving enhancing long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">the meta-analysis recruited 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) to explore the impact of study strategies on long-term retention</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">moderators of the interleaving effect include retention interval length, type of learning material, and whether material shows subtle differences between categories</snippet>. The available evidence suggests interleaving is generally advantageous for long-term retention across various educational contexts, though effectiveness may depend on material characteristics and presentation methods.
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<answer>
Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa,S_R0Q0yol">Exosomal miRNAs, proteins, and glycoproteins show diagnostic value for CRC metastasis, with AUC values ranging from 0.631 to 0.9354 depending on the marker and study population</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 showed AUC values of 0.871 and 0.834, respectively, for CRC diagnosis, with combined levels achieving higher diagnostic efficacy compared to conventional markers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Circulating plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p demonstrated an AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, with combination of miR-125a-3p and CEA improving AUC to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b showed AUC ranging from 0.631 to 0.793 for distinguishing CRC from non-neoplasm controls, with AUC of 0.830 in differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-cancer individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a have shown potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YdfrFNN">Exosomal microRNAs are stable in multiple body fluids and have captured attention as emerging biomarkers for early and minimal malignancy diagnosis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in CRC patients and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, with six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes showing upregulated expression in CRC patients</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes carry biomarkers specific to cancer cell origin in serum and their profiles may serve as novel biomarkers for CRC patients, though circulating exosomal markers in serum have yet to be developed for CRC detection</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Exosomal IRF-2 was observed in colorectal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis, triggering lymph node metastasis by remodeling the lymphatic network</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">One study evaluates the performance and energy consumption of communication protocols in microservices architecture for an Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) platform, finding gRPC supports more programming languages and demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ywHowou">Another comparison notes gRPC demonstrates superior performance, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission than REST</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">A performance evaluation using DeathStarBench measures latency for microservices implementations, comparing gRPC with Envoy and mRPC, finding mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in end-to-end P99 tail latency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">Additional work evaluates mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling (protobuf + HTTP/2), finding mRPC achieves performance comparable to gRPC and can perform 2.6× and 3.7× faster in terms of goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">A playground framework for microservices-based SDN controllers also compares REST, WebSocket, and gRPC, noting gRPC could become dominant in the future thanks to HTTP/2 and Protobuf as the payload format</snippet>. However, most available snippets focus on performance comparisons (latency, throughput, memory) rather than energy efficiency metrics, and many lack quantitative energy measurements from RAPL or power meters as specified in the research goal.
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Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
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Based on the search results, there is no explicit evidence of researchers using historical population as an instrumental variable for the number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study uses the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable in 2SLS for CO2 emissions in 30 provinces of China, but does not employ historical population as an IV</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study uses instrumental variables for urbanization in China, including provincial population density in 1990, but this is for urbanization, not bus counts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A study uses 1984 post office numbers as an IV for digital innovation, not population for bus supply</snippet>. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A study uses bus stop presence as an IV for employment, not population for bus numbers</snippet>. None of the provided snippets confirm that historical/lagged population has been used as an IV specifically for the number of buses or bus fleet size at the provincial level in China.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that for any continuous random variable X with cumulative distribution function F, the transformed variable U = F(X) follows a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] under the null hypothesis</snippet>. This mapping enables one- and two-sided hypothesis tests from a single observation by converting the data to the uniform domain. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">For discrete distributions, the PIT values will be discrete and uniformly distributed under the same hypothesis, though specialized methods like pointwise and simultaneous confidence intervals for empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDF) of PIT values are needed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">When dealing with discrete p-values, a convention is used where p-values whose associated null hypothesis is true stochastically dominate the uniform distribution on [0,1]</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not explicitly define two-sided p-values as 2 min(U, 1−U), highest-density regions (HDRs) as rejection regions, or randomized/mid-p adjustments for discrete cases, which require additional targeted searches to fully support.
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<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing in SAGIN enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>, with remote sensing satellites leveraging extensive coverage to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic</snippet>, alleviating load on backhaul links. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions</snippet>, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme for EC-SAGINs involves vehicles offloading tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which then decide whether to cache the required data for future reuse</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ajCseb7">SAGIN integrates multi-tier computing resources with UAVs at the aerial network layer, which assist in communication, computing, and caching for ground networks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks to enhance edge caching strategies by equipping them with cache storage to proactively distribute content to terrestrial users</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AXV48a6">UAV-assisted caching enhances content placement and delivery by allowing UAVs to dynamically deliver cached content to users as they move, reducing the need for multiple copies of the same content in different locations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SsNXzNl">Real-time and energy-efficient resource allocation schemes must account for SAGIN's novel characteristics, including the predicted trajectory of LEO satellites and controllable movement of UAVs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JnG43nV">The EC-SAGIN framework formulates the offloading and caching problem as a multi-label classification task using a pre-classification scheme with an offline deep imitation learning algorithm for real-time offloading and caching</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective applications, with the corrosion resistance provided by the NiCr matrix and wear resistance mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings are synthesized using thermal spray techniques, with nanocrystalline coatings exhibiting better erosion–corrosion resistance due to faster repassivation kinetics and fine-grain structure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings show good wear resistance at 500 °C, with optimal performance achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and sufficient fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Research on Cr3C2-NiCr coatings includes studies on load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms in HVAF and HVOF deposition processes</snippet>. However, the available snippets do not contain specific downhole tool application data or oilfield-relevant CO2/H2S brine corrosion performance for these coating systems.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_QJsPloF,S_fg0OhCM,S_J2hzkDn">LTE applies OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink communications, respectively</snippet>, with both techniques being integral to meeting the performance requirements of 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. SC-FDMA incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. OFDMA divides the available spectrum into orthogonal sub-carriers and allocates these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet>, while SC-FDMA is the pre-DFT encoded version of FDMA <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">. Both OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of LTE for UMTS</snippet>, with LTE supporting channel bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM">. The LTE downlink resource grid consists of a 10 ms frame divided into ten 1 ms subframes, each containing two time slots with seven OFDM symbols</snippet>, and the radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB) <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">. These waveform specifications are foundational for future 5G networks</snippet> <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM">. LTE-M also inherits these features, including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, maintaining similar settings for subcarrier spacing and resource grid</snippet> <snippet id="S_ufhk6e0">. The OFDMA and SC-FDMA use the exact same radio frame structure, which helps to utilize the channel subdivision</snippet> <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">. This LTE PHY waveform information is essential for understanding the legacy access methods that preceded 5G NR's massive MIMO and NOMA approaches</snippet>.
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<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption, supporting operators like addition, multiplication, and order comparison</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">CryptDB is a system that demonstrates fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that yield results matching plaintext operations while maintaining user privacy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">A relational database system based on homomorphic encryption schemes was presented that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though its performance discourages practical implementation</snippet>. However, none of these snippets describe a fully homomorphic encryption database/SQL query application that is explicitly a service deployment (HEaaS), ML inference-as-a-service, or NLP/transformer application without proposing new FHE schemes. The search results show research proposals and conceptual studies rather than concrete deployed applications in these specific categories.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples and greater than Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">Among 5d transition metals, W in its resistive amorphous phase typically shows the largest spin–orbit torque efficiency ≈0.20–0.50, while conductive α-W has a spin Hall conductivity of |σSHα-W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1, which is ≈3.5 times larger than amorphous W</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">β-W-based heterostructures demonstrate field-free deterministic magnetic switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_jDO7JZm,S_6TGIQVx,S_pqGG8fi,S_YpHsTmG,S_BgT3YJS,S_Xon5UIH,S_vChUXr4,S_TzxwlH0,S_5BbdHRk">none of the retrieved snippets explicitly quantify energy-per-bit values for W/CoFeB/MgO synapse devices or provide <10 fJ/bit measurements</snippet>. The evidence confirms W/CoFeB/MgO has high spin-torque efficiency and enables sub-ns switching, but explicit energy-per-bit benchmarks remain unavailable in this search.
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<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants including SSRIs, MAOIs, and tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties, and ketamine also increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4,S_7ytHv3s">Physical exercise, including voluntary and forced exercise, acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, increasing cell proliferation and enhancing cognitive functions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis can influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible for direct manipulation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic pathways including AMPK and PPARα are involved in promoting neurogenesis, with fenofibrate (PPARα agonist) alleviating stress-induced depression-like behaviors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine can also enhance AHN, with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway identified as a crucial regulator</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">Environmental enrichment significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, demonstrating a fivefold increase in adult mice exposed to enriched environments</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">the effect of antidepressants and dietary interventions in adolescence remains to be fully understood</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">novel neuroimaging tools are needed to measure hippocampal neurogenesis in living humans</snippet> to bridge the translational gap.
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<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<snippet id="S_pgimEba">The file mml2omml.xsl is used as an XSLT to convert from MathML to OMML, which is done in the background when importing MathML into Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_iBtRRBw">Microsoft provides an OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet included with Word that transforms OMML to MathML, and this can be applied using normal XML-DOM processing to extract OMML content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">There is also an omml2mathml utility on npmjs.com that converts from Microsoft's OMML to MathML, which is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's devblogs on Math in Office provide mappings between OMML elements and MathML counterparts for built-up Office Math</snippet>. However, the search results do not contain specific documentation on docx4j/OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words support for MathML→OMML conversion, nor do they provide official Microsoft documentation confirming the exact location and usage of mml2omml.xsl in Word.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding</snippet>, though this snippet does not provide specific evidence of a self-monitoring intervention leading to enhanced self-understanding outcomes. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems</snippet>, using a multiple baseline-across-students design with traditional didactic instruction and incentive points for correct responses. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) investigated the impact of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the addition and subtraction performance of nine elementary students with learning disabilities</snippet>, with the experimental group receiving training in a 10-step self-instructional procedure and practicing using tape-recorded cues, resulting in significant improvements in problem accuracy. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process</snippet>, leading to immediate improvements in accuracy for all three students that were maintained in follow-up assessments. However, none of the provided snippets contain explicit wording connecting self-monitoring to self-understanding outcomes for children with intellectual disabilities, and the search results focus primarily on self-management and academic performance rather than self-concept or self-awareness development.
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<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2">FDA's January 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), with specific exceptions for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">The FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl,S_Igxcgdq">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, prioritizing enforcement against non-tobacco flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement against flavored e-cigarettes left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still available on the market</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Subsequent enforcement has targeted non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products, indicating selective rather than comprehensive enforcement against all flavored products</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">The triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment is explicitly applied to long-term care sustainability, with government strategies significantly influencing service quality outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A hybrid multi-criteria decision making approach evaluates long-term care systems using dimensions of economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances requiring consideration of affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and environmental impacts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's integrated home- and community-based long-term care system shows that expenditures leveled off after 12 years, with access to and quality of services remaining generally satisfactory compared to the United States</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">China's government has invested 5 billion yuan from 2016 to 2020 for pilot reforms in community home-based elderly care services to reduce costs and support aging-in-place</snippet>. However, these snippets do not explicitly reference Donabedian's structure-process-outcome framework or provide detailed theoretical models mapping antecedents to sustainability outcomes with mediators and moderators.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_CoNxRSP">The search results provide general FPV system descriptions including mooring systems that secure floating structures using anchors and cables, but do not contain specific IEA PVPS Task 16 guidance on navigation or vessel interaction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_o7Xj46N">Multiple studies discuss mooring system design for offshore floating structures, including optimization methods and dynamic response analysis, but none reference the specific navigation, marking, or aids-to-navigation standards from IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">The available literature covers general FPV system components and mooring configurations, but lacks authoritative sources on cable protection, burial depths, or exclusion zones for vessel traffic</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3">One study references the ActiveFloat platform from COBRA and ESTEYCO for IEA 15 MW wind turbines, but this is for offshore wind, not FPV, and does not address navigation or marking requirements</snippet>. The search results do not contain the specific FPV design guidance on navigation/marking and cable/mooring considerations from IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 that the agent is seeking.
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<answer>
The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, introducing the category of dependent contractors defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7,S_NLMME1P">ICSE-18 defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers (employees), employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">The classification distinguishes between formal and informal statuses, including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lxdfOap">This framework updates the previous ICSE-93 approach that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment by focusing on dependency relationships</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">Vulnerable employment is characterized as encompassing the last four categories (non-wage workers), which are marked by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students, primarily from Chinese and Arabic backgrounds, all of whom identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, with 45% studying Russian for cultural understanding and varying proficiency levels in Russian (45% intermediate, 40% elementary, 15% advanced). However, <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">linguistic tests indicated a low level of development in communicative competence across all groups</snippet>, and the research focused on Russian-language learning rather than documenting English as a lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO">General literature discusses EMI trends globally, noting a ten-fold increase in Europe from 2002 to 2014 and linking EMI to internationalization</snippet>, but these are not Russia-specific. <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">One snippet mentions Russian as a medium of instruction for international students in Chinese universities</snippet>, but this does not address EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities. <snippet id="S_hO67oBv,S_hF9gM7p">Studies on EMI focus on Swedish and Taiwanese contexts respectively</snippet>, providing no Russia-specific evidence of English-medium instruction or lingua franca usage. <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">Russia's Bologna process emphasizes foreign language proficiency</snippet>, but the available data describes secondary school curriculum challenges rather than university EMI/ELF practices. The search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF in Russian universities linking language practices to social integration outcomes.
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<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is confirmed as a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>, and <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">the plot follows a systems analyst/tech professional who relocates to Istanbul and gets framed via identity theft</snippet>. However, <snippet id="95020,28554">the provided search results do not identify the film's composer or confirm his British nationality</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, though it does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>. <snippet id="20176">One review singles out the "music director" negatively, suggesting the film has musical criticism</snippet>. The search results confirm the film matches most criteria except for the composer's nationality, which requires further verification from a reliable source like Wikipedia or IMDb's composer biography.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and iKod.se</snippet>, providing comprehensive documentation on Amiga hardware architecture. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual covers coprocessor hardware, register summaries, playfield hardware, and enhanced chip set information</snippet>, which includes the AGA chipset register maps needed for Amiga 1200 development. <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">The 2nd Edition manual provides information about Amiga graphics and audio hardware and how the system interfaces with peripheral devices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF from iKod.se</snippet>, covering system software, Exec, Libraries, and Intuition for OS programming. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">Additional AGA-specific documentation includes the Microway AGA-2000 page with resolution and color information</snippet>. These documents together provide the authoritative hardware and OS reference material needed to write 68030 assembly for Amiga 1200 with 8 MB Fast RAM and AGA.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Neuromorphic computing, requiring ~10^11 neurons for energy efficiency, aims to replicate the brain's ~1 GB/s data processing and 10^16 operations/s, with recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses, crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Aqueous chemimemristor based on proton-permeable graphene membranes and nanofluidic devices have been reported where solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior, which are analogs of biological synapses</snippet>. However, the available search results do not provide specific implementation details on Janus/asymmetric pore strategies, charged/functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores, or polymer-grafted pores for 2023-2025. Additionally, there is limited information on neuromorphic task demonstrators (STDP, LTP/LTD, LIF, reservoir computing) with metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) or application-level benchmarks (pattern recognition/classification) for these specific nanopore architectures.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">It was produced by T Bone Burnett and earned major acclaim, including winning the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">The album also won Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" and was certified Platinum in the U.S.</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their second collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was also produced by T Bone Burnett and received multiple Grammy nominations</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">Raising Sand is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Robert Plant</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">one study using a self-paced LIST protocol found that mouth rinsing a 10% maltodextrin solution was associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hFRFf5P">Another study used a non-self-paced LIST protocol with 6.4% maltodextrin solution and found no significant effect on repeated sprint performance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">A review of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicates that most studies show benefits from carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30-60 g/h from 6-7% solution), though results on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running with two parts: Part A involves five 15-minute blocks of variable-intensity shuttle running over 20 meters, and Part B consists of continuous running alternating between 95% and 55% VO2 max until fatigue</snippet>. <snippet id="S_a74wEj9">Energy production during brief sprints is derived from the degradation of intra-muscular phosphocreatine and glycogen, and increasing liver and muscle carbohydrate stores before sports helps delay the onset of fatigue during prolonged intermittent variable-speed running</snippet>. The available evidence suggests that carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on HIIT/repeated sprint performance may depend on protocol design (self-paced vs fixed pacing), with some self-paced protocols showing potential benefits while others show no effect.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>The search results indicate that "Captain Delaunay" was a role in the West End hit "Erminie" in 1885</snippet>, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical. <snippet id=391d2d98-0,391d2d98-5>Other search results refer to unrelated modern music projects like "Captain Hollywood Project" and "Captain & Tennille" rather than historical theater roles</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-1,391d2d98-7>Additional results mention "The Sound of Music" and Sonia Delaunay, but these do not reference the Captain Delaunay character</snippet>. The available evidence suggests Captain Delaunay was a role in a 1885 theatrical production, not a musical, and there is no mention of this role being originated by an actress in London in the search results.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
</answer>


<answer>
The search results confirm the existence of the target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" but the snippet only shows the title without substantive text <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval</snippet>. Several related reviews provide context on regulatory pathways, including a review of successful pathways for regulatory approvals in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery that traces key milestones in agent approvals like indocyanine green and fluorescein <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">The article reviews the regulatory pathways for the approval of fluorescence imaging agents and devices used in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery</snippet>. Another review notes that key fluorescent imaging agents such as indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein were initially approved for different uses before becoming integral to fluorescence imaging, with ICG approved in 1959 and fluorescein in 1972 <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Key fluorescent imaging agents, such as indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein, were initially approved for different uses before becoming integral to fluorescence imaging. ICG was approved in 1959, and fluorescein in 1972</snippet>. However, none of the current snippets contain the concrete, domain-structured reporting recommendations from the target article that the agent is seeking to ground clinical discussion questions <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval</snippet>. The search results also include reviews on fluorescence-guided surgery systems that discuss key performance capabilities such as real-time overlay, quantitative capabilities, and nanomolar-level sensitivity <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key evaluation criteria for these instruments include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, functionality in ambient lighting, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities</snippet>, which could inform questions on technical performance reporting.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" - only the title appears in the snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models</snippet>. The available snippets provide general information about integrated assessment models (IAMs) but do not include the specific technical contributions or empirical findings of the target paper <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) provide an integrated view of the global energy-economy-climate-land system</snippet><snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">Integrated assessment models (IAM) integrate diverse sub-models across disciplines to quantify cause-effect relationships</snippet>. One snippet mentions "possibility space" in passing but does not define it in the paper's framing <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX">. human, economy, energy, land use, agriculture) to assess projected outcomes on, for example, climate and biodiversity</snippet>. The search results lack the detailed methods for assessing IAM capabilities and gaps, as well as any empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper <snippet id="S_m5a9xl5">Integrated assessment (IA) models integrate diverse knowledge streams across social, engineered, and ecological systems</snippet>. Additional targeted searches with variations of the title and keywords like "taxonomy," "capability framework," or "intercomparison" may be needed to retrieve the required content.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">The search results include qualitative research on adolescent recreational reading that provides evidence-based recommendations such as providing dedicated reading time, implementing summer reading programs, and creating supportive classroom contexts with choice, collaboration, and competence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_xbJmN70">Merga (2019a, 2019b, 2019c) has published research on school librarians' literacy supportive roles in the UK, establishing connections between reading engagement and student literacy outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M9NC8Eo">A U.K. literacy survey indicated that middle adolescence (ages 14–16) is a critical period for declining positive attitudes toward reading and frequency of reading compared to younger and older peers</snippet>. However, none of the retrieved snippets are from the specific target journals (Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, English Journal) or Merga's 2015-2025 review period as originally sought. <snippet id="S_SRm3hRO">The search also returned a study on disciplinary literacy in secondary education that addresses adolescent literacy under-performance and complex text engagement</snippet>. The agent may need to pursue a more targeted search query to find the specific Merga review or practice-oriented paper from the target journals.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.