<answer>
<snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Telehealth has the potential to reduce healthcare access gaps for isolated and rural populations, but it may inadvertently exacerbate disparities for those who would benefit most due to existing barriers</snippet>, with disadvantaged groups facing poorer health outcomes and lack of resources for effective telemedicine use <snippet id="S_b61oqd3">disparities in access to these technologies persist, particularly among individuals with lower income, less education, and racial or ethnic minorities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Digital health technologies interact with social, cultural, and economic realities and with social determinants of health to indirectly contribute to health equity</snippet>, yet health providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">digital navigators require specific competencies in digital health</snippet>. <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">The Association of American Medical Colleges reported that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula</snippet>, reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care. <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">The Four P's of Telehealth framework (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation) was used to identify, develop, and evaluate telehealth competencies</snippet> for advanced practice nurses. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>, with ongoing professional development and mentoring needed to maintain skills in a rapidly evolving virtual environment. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">A proposed 10-hour training and certification process aims to equip digital navigators with the necessary skills to provide technical assistance in clinical workflows</snippet>, emphasizing a mix of methods to enhance skill levels and ensure competency achievement.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been applied to cotton seeds at five different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed) in greenhouse experiments</snippet>, where the application <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, with application rates reported up to <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">45 g ha⁻¹</snippet> effective in controlling excessive growth. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Leaf area growth rate, total node number, and plant height decrease linearly with increasing MC concentrations from 0 to 30 µg g⁻¹</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">increasing doses caused decreasing plant height, nodes, branching, and total bolls</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">effectiveness is influenced by temperature, with optimal response at 30°C during the day and 20°C at night</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">multiple applications are commonly employed starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">Central themes include mother–daughter relationships marked by differing cultural expectations, where mothers' traditional Chinese values and traumatic pasts clash with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">The novel explores daughters' struggles with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings as they navigate their mothers' immigrant trauma, sacrifice, and Chinese values</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">Power, identity, and female agency across migration are recurrent motifs, with resolution coming through empathy and reclaimed histories</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<answer>
The provided search results do not contain specific scRNA-seq data on ketamine-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse prefrontal cortex or hippocampus <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_KNwlTux">These snippets describe general scRNA-seq/snRNA-seq technologies and their applications to mouse brain regions but lack ketamine-specific findings</snippet>. One study discusses single-nucleus transcriptomics of prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder implicating oligodendrocyte precursor cells and excitatory neurons <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">but this examines human MDD cases rather than ketamine treatment</snippet>. Another mentions scRNA-seq has shown alterations in synaptic gene expression in excitatory neurons in ASD cortex <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">, which is relevant to psychiatric disorders but not specifically ketamine-induced changes</snippet>. The search results include technical comparisons of scRNA-seq vs snRNA-seq methods and general cell type atlases of mouse brain <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_qnEFPDZ">, but none provide the quantitative and mechanistic ketamine response data needed</snippet>. A study notes scRNA-seq can detect more genes per cell than snRNA-seq <snippet id="S_qnEFPDZ">, yet this is a technical observation rather than a drug-response signature</snippet>. Therefore, no direct evidence on ketamine's effects on PFC/hippocampus cell types from scRNA-seq is present in these snippets.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by supportive legislation such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' which allows temporary use of buildings and integrates cultural history into land use plans</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">a shift towards private sector involvement where private ownership in heritage projects increased from 45% to 89%</snippet> since 2014. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4,S_0hvikSw">These initiatives contribute to economic viability by attracting investments and boosting economic growth through unique cultural attraction points</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">adaptive reuse reduces raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions</snippet> aligning with circular economy goals. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">The study examined 53 cases revealing a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_R69NOII">65% of cases reporting public engagement during early stages of reuse projects</snippet> through participatory policy programs. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable Dutch examples include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices</snippet>, demonstrating how adaptive reuse strategies foster social, economic, and environmental benefits in heritage conservation. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between preservation of cultural values and circularity performance, indicating limited understanding of circularity frameworks among stakeholders</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">A study applied the ARCS model to blended teaching methodologies using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions to measure students' motivation before, during, and after treatment</snippet>, <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">with a cohort of 75 undergraduate students from different program majors enrolled in a six-week mandatory IT in Business course</snippet>. However, this research did not specifically focus on nursing or health professions, though it did measure motivation in an online blended environment. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">Another study found that blended learning smoking cessation intervention significantly enhanced nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>, addressing barriers like lack of knowledge and inexperience. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">A separate study focused on online learning effects on nursing students in South Korea, recruiting 164 senior nursing students</snippet>, but this research did not use ARCS/IMMS instruments. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">A third study examined blended learning challenges in nursing education, noting technical and organizational difficulties in implementation</snippet>. None of the retrieved snippets explicitly document the use of IMMS or ARCS measures (specifically Interest/Enjoyment subscales) with nursing students in blended or e-learning contexts.
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<answer>
One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">The MIMIC III dataset was mapped to an ontology using Protege and converted to RDF format using GraphDB, enabling semantic relationships to be captured within electronic health records</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">This implementation demonstrates that knowledge graphs can effectively capture semantic relationships within EHRs, enabling more efficient and accurate data analysis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The EHR knowledge graph implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 s, significantly improving patient care and decision-making</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The study describes the ontology creation process, RDF mapping procedure, and knowledge graph building using GraphDB for clinical data analysis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph has the potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not specifically address virtual knowledge graph approaches, semantic data dictionary frameworks, or linked codebook implementations for medical measurements.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical recycling, though it can result in co-precipitation of lithium causing losses up to 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective for selective removal of elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 3% per extraction stage</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Recent research shows that selective solvent extraction with tailored nanosorbents like lithium manganese oxide nanotubes exhibits excellent stability and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology faces significant challenges with high energy consumption and acid waste production, currently resulting in less than 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">However, nanofiltration (NF) processes can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from battery leachates, improving lithium yield and reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0C7XVAE">Hydrometallurgical recycling typically involves leaching with sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids at 25-100°C, followed by refining through precipitation, solvent extraction, electrowinning, and ion exchange</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">the blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult, who is between 150 to 160 pounds, as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_h22XXil">a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>. This confirms that Britannica sources also support the 5-liter average for adult blood volume.
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<answer>
Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn bcc derived I-43m tetrahedral sites have been explicitly studied, with interstitial fractions ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 and 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular and induce tetragonal distortion, differing from the regular tetrahedral sites in fcc structures</snippet>. However, the search results do not provide explicit statements about cI16 (Li/Na) phases or Th3P4-type structures with tetrahedral displacement features. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn in GaAs shows stability differences compared to hexagonal interstitials, with the stable charge state being Mn 2+ i across the Fermi level range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral sites in InP are unstable relative to quasi-hexagonal sites, being 1.2 eV higher in energy</snippet>. Further search would be needed to confirm cI16 tetrahedral displacement and additional bcc-derived cubic structures with tetrahedral motifs.
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<answer>
Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD trial enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 to receive 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab or placebo for 18 months, with 1795 participants having MCI or mild AD diagnosed using NIA-AA criteria</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_p20O8Yh">The primary endpoint was change in CDR-SB at 18 months, with lecanemab showing a significant slowing of decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">Other cognitive measures including ADAS-Cog, ADCOMS, and ADCS-ADL-MCI also showed significantly slower decline in the lecanemab arm</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">Safety data indicated that infusion-related reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (16.9% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%) were the most common adverse events in the lecanemab group compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty">APoE ε4 carriers experienced higher incidence of ARIA-H (39% vs 27%) and ARIA-E (32.6% vs 22%) compared to noncarriers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ipB4qty">The incidence of isolated symptomatic ARIA-H was 0.7% in lecanemab versus 0.2% in placebo, while symptomatic ARIA-E was 2.8% versus 0% in the same groups</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection, with 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) recruited to explore study strategies on long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42), though several moderators exist such as retention interval length and material characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions, with F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, and  P 2 = .31</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult, with effective interventions like spaced retrieval further improving retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaving is described as "unpopular with students but shown to be successful" for medical education, where traditional learning methods do not ensure long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_avfxf73">Interleaving increases the likelihood of mastery and memory by forcing the brain to reconcile relationships between related but different areas during study sessions</snippet>.
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<answer>
Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Serum exosomal CEA demonstrates superior diagnostic value for predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer, with an AUC of 0.9354 compared to 0.8557 for total serum CEA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB (AUC 0.871) and b2-GP1 (AUC 0.834) show higher discriminatory power compared to conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b downregulation in plasma achieves an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls</snippet>, with logistic models integrating miR-92b and age showing improved accuracy (AUC 0.867). <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a have shown potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patient plasma compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes carry biomarkers specific to cancer cell origin in serum, and their profiles may serve as novel biomarkers for CRC detection with potential for non-invasive early diagnosis</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for performance and energy consumption in microservices architectures, demonstrating lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC employing HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers demonstrates superior performance, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission than REST</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">A study using DeathStarBench measures latency for microservices implementations, finding gRPC latency contributions similar across different language implementations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">Comparative analysis shows mRPC speeds up gRPC by 1.7× and 1.6× in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency, with mRPC also reducing memory overhead</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling achieves performance comparable to gRPC, with 2.6× and 3.7× better performance than gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs,S_DuAkisQ">gRPC is highlighted as the most comprehensive protocol for microservices, particularly effective for standardizing service communications across different technologies and programming languages using protocol buffers</snippet>.
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<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">A study on public transportation and carbon emissions in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019 employs 2SLS to address endogeneity issues, with the core explanatory variable being public transport development level measured by number of public buses, but it uses population density as a control variable rather than as an instrumental variable for bus counts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another Chinese study uses instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990 to address endogeneity in the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions, but this instruments urbanization, not bus supply</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A study on digital technology innovation in the transportation industry uses the number of post offices in 1984 as an instrumental variable, but this is unrelated to public bus fleet size</snippet>. None of the retrieved search results provide explicit evidence that researchers have used historical population as an instrumental variable specifically for the number of buses or bus fleet at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework. The available snippets show population-based instruments in public transport contexts, but they instrument different outcomes (accessibility, emissions, urbanization) rather than bus counts, or use different instrument types (current density, lagged subsidy, ESG ratings).
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Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that if X follows a continuous distribution with CDF F, then U = F(X) follows a uniform distribution on [0,1] under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">This transformation converts sampled values from an unknown continuous distribution into a uniform distribution on (0,1) when the CDF is tractable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship U = F(X) with U ~ Uniform(0,1) allows for inverse transform sampling to generate random deviates from the desired distribution F by applying X = F⁻¹(U)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transform's values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_njVYIe9">The proof relies on showing that as sample size n approaches infinity, the transformed variable U = F(X) converges to a uniform distribution on (0,1)</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables vehicles to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to cache required data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks to enhance edge caching strategies by equipping them with cache storage for frequently requested content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">Machine learning techniques such as liquid state machines can be employed to predict user content request patterns, including timing and popularity trends, to optimize the system</snippet>. <snippet id="S_F19Wt1q">SAGIN allows for flexible resource deployment through UAVs and satellites that can adjust their positions and configurations to optimize service delivery based on user needs</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective coatings in industrial applications, offering high melting point and maintaining hardness up to 900 °C</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">conventional and nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings generally synthesized using thermal spray technique</snippet> for erosion-corrosion protection. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings on stainless steel showed low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>, with optimal performance at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and fracture toughness. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms have been investigated in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">erosion-corrosion protection studies have been conducted on stainless steel using Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">the review outlines characterization of Cr3C2–NiCr coatings with respect to microstructure and mechanical properties</snippet> but does not provide specific oilfield-relevant tribo/erosion-corrosion or CO2/H2S brine data for downhole tools.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications</snippet>, with OFDMA dividing the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocating these sub-carriers to each user <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh">OFDMA divides the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocates these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA, which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA addresses these issues, offering lower PAPR, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_fg0OhCM">The LTE radio access network utilizes Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), employing distinct RF carriers for each direction</snippet>, with downlink utilizing OFDMA and uplink using SC-FDMA <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">Downlink utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), while uplink uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of the new standard for mobile communications long-term evolution (LTE) for UMTS</snippet>, as they provide multipath robustness and eliminate costly time-domain equalization <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">replacing it with a much simpler frequency equalization</snippet>.
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<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
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<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries with different operators (+, -, ×, <, >, =) over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR on ciphertexts can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data on the server side, returning encrypted matching answers in a result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB demonstrate fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that yield results matching plaintext operations while maintaining user privacy</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR,S_YCCuRuG">FHE allows SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud databases but is impractical due to high computational overhead</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes, indicating a need for more efficient encryption schemes and potential optimizations</snippet>. While these papers describe cloud-based SQL query execution with FHE, none propose new FHE schemes but rather focus on application deployment and system design.
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<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, with spin Hall magnetoresistance reaching about 1%—nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">the spin Hall conductivity of conductive α-W is ≈3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, with |σSHα-W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">β-W/CoFeB heterostructures demonstrate sub-nanosecond switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², achieving energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established in W/CoFeB/MgO multilayers with Hf spacers, enabling current-driven magnetic switching with spin Hall effect</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">W–Ta and W–V alloy layers can boost spin Hall conductivity by up to 36% compared to pristine β-W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">while sub-ns switching and femtojoule energy are demonstrated, explicit "W/CoFeB/MgO" specific energy-per-bit <10 fJ/bit numbers remain scarce in the snippets</snippet>.
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<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs and MAOIs have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s,S_QJaZTc4">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis allows the gut microbiota to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible to direct manipulation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions including PPARα agonists like fenofibrate alleviate stress-induced depression-like behaviors</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK activation enhances dendritic branching in hippocampal neurons, countering the negative effects of stress</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine also have drawbacks, including short efficacy duration and adverse effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">enhancing AHN can alleviate depressive symptoms through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways</snippet>.
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<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft provides an XSLT stylesheet named mml2omml.xsl used to convert MathML to OMML format in Word</snippet>, which is applied during the import process for MathML equations. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_iBtRRBw">The reverse conversion is handled by the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet, which is included with Microsoft Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">There is also an npm utility called omml2mathml that converts from OMML to MathML, ported from the XSLT Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">Microsoft Office contains the omml2mml.xsl file, and its redistribution and licensing are documented in official Microsoft Q&A forums</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's Math in Office documentation provides mappings between MathML and OMML elements</snippet>. The available search results do not contain specific documentation on docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words for MathML to OMML conversion.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding, with Coughlin et al. (2012) finding that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems, using a multiple baseline-across-students design</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI, S_IzzNsie">the effectiveness of self-monitoring interventions in mathematics is documented, with studies showing significant improvements in problem accuracy and maintenance in follow-up assessments</snippet>, but these snippets do not explicitly connect self-monitoring to self-understanding outcomes. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">The analysis also notes that Bierbaum et al. (2005) suggested teachers should emphasize similarities to peers and support engagement, though specific self-understanding measures were not detailed</snippet>. The search results do not contain a specific study with explicit outcome wording connecting self-monitoring to self-understanding, though they collectively suggest self-monitoring interventions are effective for improving behavior and skills in children with intellectual disabilities.
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<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2,S_Igxcgdq">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, with the exception of tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based electronic cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LRjKfcX">FDA will closely monitor the use rates of all types of e-cigarette products among youth, including tobacco and menthol flavored e-cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has recently cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, with middle and high school students being a primary concern</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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The search results do not contain explicit applications of the "triple bottom line" (TBL) or Donabedian structure-process-outcome frameworks to long-term care/elderly services with mediators and moderators <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">the triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment from 2020 to 2025</snippet> is mentioned but not as a structured theoretical model. However, some studies do employ multi-dimensional evaluation approaches for sustainability <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">a multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. These frameworks address long-term care sustainability challenges by incorporating economic, policy, and environmental dimensions alongside traditional quality metrics <snippet id="S_8XJoond">factors like affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to enhance quality and access while managing costs and environmental impacts</snippet>. Donabedian's framework is referenced in broader healthcare contexts for long-term care quality assessment <snippet id="S_L4yUklD">Member States are committed to ensure accessible, high-quality and sustainable health care and long-term care by promoting a rational use of resources</snippet>. While these sources discuss sustainability frameworks for elderly care, they do not explicitly map antecedents to outcomes with statistical mediation/moderation models or integrate TBL/Donabedian structures as theoretical frameworks for long-term care systems <snippet id="S_Ir3ZH9z">Our study focuses on "elder services" within the framework of sustainable development, addressing seniors with intensive care needs and independent seniors</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_CoNxRSP,S_hTDcmSA">The available search results provide general FPV system design information covering floating platforms, mooring subsystems, and underwater cable connections, but do not contain specific references to IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 guidance documents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_o7Xj46N">Mooring system design for offshore floating structures is addressed with optimization methodologies for anchor positioning, cable specifications, and platform dynamics under wave and wind conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">Elastic mooring lines are identified as beneficial for FPV systems to provide flexibility and stability against wind and waves, with concrete block anchors commonly used for bottom anchoring</snippet>. <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_hTDcmSA">Key design factors include modularity, reliability, durability, support structure size, ease of installation, and cost reduction for floating PV systems</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">Numerical models are employed to evaluate the dynamics and displacements of floating platforms under different weather and sea conditions, incorporating mooring systems tailored to specific installation sites</snippet>. The search did not retrieve the specific IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 standards containing navigation, vessel interaction, or marking guidance that the agent is seeking.
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The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">The ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S5627jY">dependent contractors are categorized as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">workers classified into six statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lxdfOap">In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework</snippet> that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment.
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<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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The search results do not contain explicit documentation of English as lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities with direct links to social integration metrics <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed linguistic and cross-cultural comfort of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, though it did establish that 45% studied Russian to understand the culture while others had various motivations including online interaction <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">45% studied Russian to understand the culture, while others had various motivations, including communication with friends and online interaction</snippet>. The research utilized socio-linguistic tests to evaluate students' proficiency in Russian and English, establishing the need for improved communicative skills <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">The research utilized socio-linguistic tests to evaluate students' proficiency in Russian and English, establishing the need for improved communicative skills</snippet>. However, none of the retrieved snippets specifically document EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities or explicitly link language practices to social integration outcomes like friendship networks or belonging <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO">The rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education is linked to the internationalization of education and the need for local students to enhance career prospects</snippet>, <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">Recent studies indicate that the outcomes of EMI are not consistently positive, and there is limited statistical evidence on its effectiveness in non-Anglophone contexts</snippet>. While S_gEZDJ2J provides valuable data on international student language preferences and proficiency at a Russian university, it does not address EMI implementation or social integration patterns specifically <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey conducted at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed the linguistic and cross-cultural comfort of 32 international graduate students</snippet>.

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Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is confirmed as a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet> and <snippet id="95020,20176">is set in Istanbul, where a systems analyst named Hope Cassidy is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">The DVD Talk review exists but does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>, while <snippet id="28554">the IGN article also does not identify the composer</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Neither source confirms the nationality of the music composer</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">The film is described as a loose sequel to the 1995 original with mixed-to-negative reviews</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga system architecture and hardware registers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes a register summary in alphabetical order and coprocessor hardware documentation</snippet>, which provides the AGA chipset register maps needed for 68030 assembly programming. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release</snippet>, containing Exec, Libraries, and Devices programming references. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA-2000 documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution and 12-bit color support</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_mpRBHfL">the 1989 edition manual covers Amiga system architecture with pinout details for expansion ports</snippet>. These documents together provide the authoritative hardware and OS references needed for writing 68030 assembly code on the Amiga 1200.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">While conventional computers based on von Neumann's architecture operate mostly sequentially, neuromorphic computing uses hardware-based implementations to mimic the behavior of synapses and neurons in the brain, allowing for efficient brain-inspired computing in a massively parallel fashion</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">These Janus nanopore synapses specifically target the limitations of traditional two-terminal devices by providing a third terminal for precise synaptic weight adjustment, which is vital for implementing neurobiological functions in hardware</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7aDjN43">For an accurate replication of biological neural networks, it is vital to integrate artificial neurons and synapses, implement neurobiological functions in hardware, and develop sensory neuromorphic computing systems</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">The album was a critical and commercial success, debuting at No.2 on the Billboard 200 and earning RIAA certification</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">It won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, as well as Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter"</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">Raising Sand remains one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their later collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was the duo's second album together and also received multiple Grammy nominations</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between a 6.4% maltodextrin carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running with 3-minute recoveries between blocks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_a74wEj9">Energy production during brief sprints is derived from degradation of intra-muscular phosphocreatine and glycogen, with prolonged periods of multiple sprints draining muscle glycogen stores and reducing power output</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding sprinting and other skills are mixed, with effectiveness influenced by individual carbohydrate status showing most significant benefits in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>According to the search results, there is a record of a "Captain Delauney" role in the West End musical "Erminie" in 1885, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical comedy</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>The snippet also lists other credits for the performer including "Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward"</snippet>. However, the search results do not confirm this was a role originated by an actress in London, nor does it specify that the name was "Delaunay" without the 'y' at the end. <snippet id=391d2d98-1,391d2d98-5,391d2d98-8>The other search results refer to different entities such as the Eurodance project "Captain Hollywood Project" and the duo "Captain & Tennille", which are unrelated to this query</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
</answer>


The search successfully located the target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" which appears in the results <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval</snippet>. While the full text snippet is not available, the article is clearly identified as the primary source for reporting recommendations. Supporting contextual information was also retrieved, including a review of successful regulatory pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery agents and devices <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">The article reviews the regulatory pathways for the approval of fluorescence imaging agents and devices used in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery</snippet>. This review highlights historical approvals of agents like indocyanine green and fluorescein, noting ICG was approved in 1959 and fluorescein in 1972 <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">ICG was approved in 1959, and fluorescein in 1972, both serving as vascular flow agents that dominate the FGS market today</snippet>. Additional relevant reviews cover key performance capabilities for FGS systems, including real-time overlay, nanomolar-level sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key evaluation criteria for these instruments include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, functionality in ambient lighting, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores</snippet>. These snippets provide the foundational regulatory and technical context needed to generate clinical discussion questions aligned with the target recommendations article.

</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


The provided search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models." The available snippets discuss integrated assessment models (IAMs) in general, including their use in climate change assessments <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs provide an integrated view of the global energy-economy-climate-land system</snippet>, SDG trade-offs <snippet id="S_onh5WOE">Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are essential for capturing diverse knowledge across environmental and socio-economic disciplines to assess the impacts of human development on the environment</snippet>, and urban sustainability applications <snippet id="S_ausD8QJ">Integrated assessment models (IAM) are essential for understanding urban sustainability by capturing the socio-ecological functioning of urban systems</snippet>, but none provide the specific technical contributions or empirical findings from the paper in question. One snippet mentions "possibility space" in the context of futures approaches <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX">In this perspective, we focus on the role of different futures approaches in making environmental assessment scenarios more salient to the needs of decision-makers at multiple scales</snippet>, but does not attribute this concept to the target paper. Additional targeted searches are needed to retrieve the actual abstract, methods, results, and discussion paragraphs from the target publication.

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">To enhance adolescent recreational reading in secondary schools, it is essential to understand and prioritize the voices of adolescents, as reading fulfills critical needs such as learning, relaxation, empathy, and escapism</snippet>, and schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">. Teacher support and strong relationships with educators are also crucial for fostering a reading culture</snippet>, while many students struggle to find books that match their interests and abilities, highlighting the need for resources that assist in making appropriate reading choices <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">. Knowledgeable librarians play a vital role in this process</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_L5NhumS">To enhance adolescents' reading motivation, effective practices should create supportive contexts that foster engagement. Key strategies include promoting choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings, which have been linked to increased intrinsic motivation</snippet>, and reading interventions that integrate motivational principles—such as collaboration, relevance, and self-efficacy—alongside cognitive skills like reading fluency have shown positive effects on adolescents' reading development <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">. Active and purposeful reading, supported by social interactions and literacy activities, is essential</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_WIheApX">The presence of qualified school librarians in well-resourced school libraries is associated with benefits for students' literacy attainment</snippet>, and school librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement among students, thereby supporting their literacy development <snippet id="S_HOSScoU">. Reading engagement is a multidimensional construct that includes behavioral, cognitive, and affective attributes associated with being deeply involved in an activity such as reading</snippet>, where pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency, leading to growth in literacy skills <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">. This relationship between reading attainment and engagement has prompted increased attention to the concepts of reader engagement and reading for pleasure in both policy and practice</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_RLXmKuG">The EU AI Act mandates that high-risk AI systems must provide sufficient transparency mechanisms and be "sufficiently transparent to enable users to interpret outputs," as outlined in Article 13</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK,S_WG0otDu">Article 14(3) requires human overseers to have the authority to decide against using the AI system, override its outputs, and intervene in its operation, including the ability to halt it safely</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">Article 11(2) allows for a unified technical documentation file that combines AI system details with existing EU MDR/IVDR documentation, including comprehensive information on design, architecture, data requirements, training methodologies, and performance metrics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3iocoPc">Article 4(2)(b) details that if an AI system is considered high-risk, opaque, and complex, explainability is mandated from an EU court through orders to disclose proportional evidence such as logs, documentation, and datasets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E4eihUQ,S_xQp268d">General-purpose AI (GPAI) systems are subject to high-risk obligations if they can be used in high-risk contexts, with Article 53 requiring technical documentation and transparency in the value chain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vzKoGDA">The AI Act contains disclosure obligations under Article 11 and Annex IV that apply primarily to high-risk systems, though some provisions like Article 50 impose transparency duties on deployers requiring outputs to be "watermarked" and users to be informed when interacting with chatbots</snippet>.
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<answer>
The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_soikqKO">Strava serves as a social network for amateur and professional athletes, enabling users to log, monitor, and share fitness accomplishments with others via status updates, comments, photos, and leaderboards</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_KfOy5t1">Core gamification techniques include challenges where users compete to complete specific distances, receiving digital badges, trophies, and special prizes for completion</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ohmbRBN,S_tyjIFLb">The app fosters competitive behaviors and motivation through tracking routes, providing performance feedback, and encouraging self-presentation and peer comparison</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1,S_47DnIT5">Social comparison is a key psychological driver for engagement, with users connecting, sharing experiences, and participating in competitive challenges to boost motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">However, data sharing is selective, with many users withholding metrics like heart rate and wattage while opting for basic information such as segment times and elevation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK,S_5nbN41y">This selective sharing reflects a desire for self-validation and awareness of how others perceive their data, though longitudinal tracking of app usage and behaviors remains limited in existing research</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Strava employs social features such as challenges, leaderboards, and digital badges as core gamification techniques to encourage repeated use and foster a sense of community among its 36 million active users <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb">. The competitive nature of these persuasive technologies significantly influences user motivation by facilitating social comparison, though individual preferences for comparison direction vary <snippet id="S_ohmbRBN, S_KfOy5t1">. To manage privacy and self-presentation, users often selectively share data, withholding specific metrics like heart rate to avoid potential profile scrutiny <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">. Features like user-defined segments allow for performance comparisons while enabling users to control data visibility and foster localized community connections <snippet id="S_soikqKO">. Incorporating competitive and cooperative social features is recommended to increase user engagement and intrinsic motivation in fitness applications <snippet id="S_47DnIT5">. However, current implementations largely overlook nuanced psychological theories regarding social comparison, which could otherwise enhance engagement further <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1">.
</answer>