<answer>
<snippet id="S_cDvC5A6">Cronbach and Furby highlight significant reliability and validity concerns regarding gain scores, noting that the reliability is affected by the correlation of error components between pretest and posttest scores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cDvC5A6">This correlation complicates the interpretation of change, as the observations are linked rather than independent</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cDvC5A6">While methods exist to correct for this correlation, they can be complex and may not fully address the underlying issues</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cDvC5A6">Researchers are encouraged to acknowledge these statistical issues and maintain transparency in their methodologies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I8yjZxP">The reliability of measurement change using difference scores involves assessing random error in scale scores and their reproducibility under unchanged conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AJLxNSh">An acceptable standard error of measurement should be less than or equal to half the standard deviation of test-retest scores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TocFBSI">When measurements are taken across two time-points, the following formula quantifies the expected error of the difference (SE diff ) of the scores: SE diff = SD*√2*√1 − r, where r is the reliability of the measure (Cronbach's alpha)</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_cDvC5A6">Cronbach and Furby highlight significant reliability and validity concerns regarding gain scores, noting that their reliability is affected by the correlation of error components between pretest and posttest scores</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_I8yjZxP">reliability of measurement change using difference scores involves assessing random error in scale scores and their reproducibility under unchanged conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TocFBSI">The expected error of the difference (SE diff) is quantified using the formula SE diff = SD*√2*√(1 − r), where r is the reliability of the measure (Cronbach's alpha)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AJLxNSh">Furthermore, the smallest real difference is calculated as 1.96 × SEM × √2, where higher reliability results in smaller standard errors and better precision</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_IpqOUc4,S_V5NHtr5">Recent breakthroughs in bottom-up synthetic immunology focus on engineering cell-based therapeutics through systems like synNotch and split CARs that allow precise control of gene expression in response to specific ligands</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IpqOUc4">Advancements include synthetic genetic switches for spatiotemporal control of CAR-T cell therapy, enabling automatic activation upon target recognition and user manipulation through external factors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_V5NHtr5">Safety improvements are achieved through split receptors that can be activated or deactivated by small molecules, allowing for rapid response to adverse effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_w1PkTkx">New concepts derived from synthetic biology include engineered cells harboring synthetic gene circuits able to biologically sense and compute signals derived from intracellular or extracellular biomarkers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_w1PkTkx">These biological devices could ultimately be integrated into increasingly complex systems, with the possibility of engineering T cells with synthetic systems responding to multiple inputs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_w1PkTkx">For example, incorporating the oxygen-sensitive domain (HIF-1a) could generate a CAR construct with gene expression induced by a low oxygen concentration, a characteristic of the TME</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_IpqOUc4,S_V5NHtr5">Bottom-up synthetic immunology involves the application of synthetic biology to enhance the safety and functionality of CAR-T cell therapy by using engineered gene circuits and sensors to control immune cell behavior</snippet>. This approach facilitates the development of multi-input Boolean gate circuits like synNotch that allow for precise control of gene expression in response to specific ligands on adjacent cells <snippet id="S_V5NHtr5">. Additionally, T cells are being engineered with synthetic gene circuits to sense biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment, such as oxygen-sensitive domains that induce gene expression in low oxygen conditions <snippet id="S_w1PkTkx">. Bottom-up synthetic biology is also applied to nanomedicine through the programming of biomimetic exosomes by combining synthetic lipid vesicles with exosomes to improve stability and biocompatibility <snippet id="S_vleeefQ">. While synthetic DNA versions of eukaryotic cells have yet to be realized, the field continues to advance by constructing standardized biological components to reengineer natural systems for clinical applications <snippet id="S_wDkW6OQ,S_AcQute2">.
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<snippet id="S_lC8QJRe">BREEAM has the highest number of certified buildings globally, nearly seven times that of LEED, with 10 categories compared to LEED's 9</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_8yntvsv">evaluation criteria for these systems have evolved to include sub-evaluation systems tailored to different scales, construction phases, and building types</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XuplTmg">Neighborhood sustainability assessment tools like BREEAM Communities align with local regulations, such as the London Plan which mandates energy efficiency, material reuse, and waste management</snippet>, demonstrating that these frameworks are designed for their origin contexts. <snippet id="S_RovUbOz">A survey identified 49 GBRSs tailored to local conditions, with approximately 80% used domestically</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_8yntvsv">studies on CASBEE and Green Star NZ are less prevalent compared to LEED and BREEAM</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rWk5eIL">The three GBRSs have common categories, such as Energy, Water, Materials, and Sustainable Sites, which are tailored to their local contexts</snippet>, indicating that these systems are adapted to regional priorities. However, <snippet id="S_lC8QJRe">the search results do not contain specific literature on South African frameworks like SBAT or Green Star SA localization</snippet>, which the agent still needs to search for to support the SA context.
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<answer>
The provided search results do not contain specific South African literature regarding Green Star SA, SBAT, or SANS standards. However, the snippets confirm that Green Building Rating Systems often require localization, as evidenced by Egypt's GPRS which was tailored to the Egyptian context and differs in categories from BREEAM and LEED <snippet id="S_lC8QJRe">.</snippet>. This aligns with broader findings that the effectiveness of sustainability assessment tools is significantly influenced by local regulations and guidelines <snippet id="S_XuplTmg">.</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_mXZ7vLO">Recent studies on plasma-assisted CO2 methanation highlight the advantages of using radio-frequency plasma at 13.56 MHz for catalyst treatment</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_mXZ7vLO">research indicating that catalysts reduced under plasma conditions exhibit significantly enhanced properties compared to those reduced thermally</snippet>. <snippet id="S_mXZ7vLO">For instance, a Ni/CeZrO2 catalyst treated with plasma at 4 W achieved a CO2 conversion rate of 73%, surpassing the 63% conversion rate of the thermally reduced counterpart</snippet>. <snippet id="S_mXZ7vLO">Plasma treatment not only reduces the crystallite size but also increases the surface basicity, which is crucial for catalytic activity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_mXZ7vLO">Notably, a calcined catalyst that was neither thermally nor plasma pre-treated showed high activity for methanation at plasma powers of 12 W or more, suggesting that in-situ activation occurs at elevated power levels</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cPEPaVV">The integration of the catalyst with plasma enhances the efficiency of the CO2 methanation reaction compared to thermal methods, allowing for lower operational temperatures and preserving catalyst surface properties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1KLm6GG">Nickel (Ni) catalysts, particularly Ni/CeO2 and Ni/ZrO2, have shown improved performance under non-thermal plasma conditions, with CO2 conversion rates reaching 80% and methane selectivity at 100% at 90°C</snippet>.
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<answer>
Recent studies highlight radio-frequency (13.56 MHz) plasma for CO2 methanation catalyst treatment, where Ni/CeZrO2 treated with plasma achieved 73% CO2 conversion compared to 63% for thermally reduced counterparts <snippet id=S_mXZ7vLO>. Inductively coupled RF plasmas generate the plasma state via a time-varying magnetic field induced by an electric current, which accelerates electrons to sustain the discharge with higher treatment efficiency than capacitive methods <snippet id=S_AhdPGPS>. Plasma-assisted methanation generally operates at low gas temperatures that thermodynamically favor high CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity while enabling direct synergetic interactions between plasma species and the catalyst <snippet id=S_nYkJwIo>. This plasma treatment reduces catalyst crystallite size and increases surface basicity, with in-situ activation occurring at elevated power levels of 12 W or more <snippet id=S_mXZ7vLO>. Although many reviews prioritize DBD plasmas for their scale-up suitability, RF configurations offer distinct benefits for in-situ catalyst activation and performance enhancement <snippet id=S_nYkJwIo,S_mXZ7vLO>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_bEuofK3">A piezoelectric six-axis force/torque sensor has been developed with a static-active design theory including a static analytical model and finite element simulation</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_bEuofK3">the provided search results do not contain specific evidence of studies using this device to measure forces on teeth during mastication or occlusion</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RxbOpbA,S_KzQJmKZ,S_zBeV8uu,S_mcQoUuU,S_SZc0rN5,S_25Na5KL,S_ev6LLQL,S_fvEQ6ob,S_XGmA0DU">The available snippets describe various bite force measurement devices including strain-dependent thin-film resistors, flexible force sensor arrays, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and low-cost sensors</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_RxbOpbA,S_KzQJmKZ,S_zBeV8uu,S_mcQoUuU,S_SZc0rN5,S_25Na5KL,S_ev6LLQL,S_fvEQ6ob,S_XGmA0DU">none of these devices are explicitly six-axis force/torque sensors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bEuofK3">The search results do not provide direct evidence of studies using 6-axis force/torque sensors to measure occlusal or masticatory forces on teeth</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_bEuofK3">A piezoelectric six-axis force/torque sensor was developed with static characteristics designed for sensitivity, isotropic degree and cross-coupling testing</snippet>, but this study does not demonstrate its application to dental mastication or occlusion measurements. The provided search results primarily describe uniaxial or flexible force sensors (such as force-sensing resistors, strain gauges, and piezoelectric arrays) rather than six-component force/moment transducers for teeth <snippet id="S_25Na5KL">Bilateral maximum occlusal force was measured using a bite force sensor made of force-sensing resistors (FSR no. 151 NF) with a diameter of 12.7 mm</snippet>, <snippet id="S_SZc0rN5">A low cost and reliable maximal voluntary bite force sensor was designed using an acrylic laser cutting machine with strain gauge technology</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XGmA0DU">The bite force measurement device (BFMD) employed a fiber Bragg grating sensor to transduce bite force into strain variations on a metal plate</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_KzQJmKZ">Lin et al. developed a flexible force sensor array using barium titanate-based multilayer ceramic capacitors for measuring force distribution</snippet>. None of the snippets provide direct evidence of six-axis force sensors being used to measure forces on teeth during mastication or occlusion in dental studies.
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<snippet id="S_KDNc65h">In a study of university teachers, behavioral intention significantly mediated the relationship between performance expectancy (β = 0.29), social influence (β = 0.25), and effort expectancy (β = 0.19), with a moderate positive relationship between performance expectancy and behavioral intention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1pJzSZO">Overall, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions consistently emerged as critical factors influencing students' intentions to utilize AI applications for academic purposes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_mTGRCDO">SmartPLS analysis indicated significant causal paths between performance expectancy-intentions to use ChatGPT and effort expectancy-intentions to use ChatGPT, with performance expectancy partially mediating effort expectancy-intentions to use ChatGPT</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xf4sYVq">PE relates to students' perceptions of how AI can enhance their educational performance, with studies indicating that students believe AI aids in critical academic tasks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KOiy0ws">Using the UTAUT model, this study validates the role of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influences, and hedonic motivation in altering instructors' behavioral intentions and actual usage of Gen AI tools</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DaxPn0y">The UTAUT2 framework posits 4 factors influencing an individual's behavioral intention to use a given technology: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_1pJzSZO">Performance expectancy and facilitating conditions consistently emerged as critical factors influencing students' intentions to utilize AI applications for academic purposes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KDNc65h">University teacher studies found behavioral intention significantly mediated relationships between PE (β = 0.29), SI (β = 0.25), and EE (β = 0.19) with use behavior</snippet>. <snippet id="S_mTGRCDO">SmartPLS analysis showed significant causal paths between performance expectancy-intentions to use ChatGPT and effort expectancy-intentions (to a lesser extent), with performance expectancy partially mediating effort expectancy effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1pJzSZO">Multiple cross-cultural studies in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Malaysia, UK, Spain, and Poland confirmed performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions significantly influence students' behavioral intentions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KDNc65h">A moderate positive relationship exists between performance expectancy and behavioral intention (β = 0.19), though negative relationships with social influence were observed (β = -0.25), suggesting user experience influences these dynamics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xf4sYVq">All four UTAUT constructs—performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions—significantly shape students' intentions to incorporate ChatGPT into learning routines</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_0xFo0br">The Beer Store is the trading name for Brewers Retail, which was established in 1927</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ujDA2t6">The official About Us page confirms The Beer Store was established in 1927</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tEQqBEJ">The Globe and Mail article states The Beer Store started in 1927 when Ontario ended prohibition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DBldhyx">Wikimedia Commons identifies The Beer Store as the trading name for Brewers Retail, a retail chain founded in 1927</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HUoJeSg">Flickr also confirms The Beer Store is the trading name for Brewers Retail, a chain founded in 1927</snippet>. This information corroborates the earlier search results and solidifies the 1927 founding date.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_0xFo0br">The Beer Store was established in 1927 as Brewer's Retail</snippet>, with this founding date confirmed by <snippet id="S_ujDA2t6">The Beer Store's official About Us page which states it was established in 1927</snippet>. The <snippet id="S_tEQqBEJ">Globe and Mail reports it started in 1927 when Ontario ended prohibition</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_DBldhyx">Wikimedia Commons notes Brewers Retail was founded in 1927</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HUoJeSg">Flickr documentation also confirms the joint-venture chain was founded in 1927</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_RjFKheF,S_j2GKI0O">The European Commission defines a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) as a strategic plan aimed at addressing the mobility needs of individuals and businesses in urban areas to enhance quality of life</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CXq0ZzB">The European Commission has promoted these plans for nearly a decade, providing technical frameworks and guidelines to assist cities in achieving sustainable mobility goals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RjFKheF">The SUMP is part of broader European transportation policies that prioritize long-term sustainability, aiming for a 60% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050</snippet>. <snippet id="S_j2GKI0O">Although not mandatory, over 1,100 cities in Europe have developed a SUMP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DfzEZvs">SUMP encompasses all modes of transport and behaviors, emphasizing stakeholder participation in their development</snippet>.
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<answer>
The European Commission defines a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) as a strategic plan aimed at addressing the mobility needs of individuals and businesses in urban areas to enhance quality of life <snippet id=S_RjFKheF,S_j2GKI0O>. This framework integrates existing planning processes while emphasizing integration, stakeholder involvement, and assessment to balance economic, social, and spatial aspects <snippet id=S_RjFKheF,S_CXq0ZzB>. Although not mandatory, over 1,100 cities in Europe have adopted a SUMP, reflecting its growing importance in urban planning <snippet id=S_RjFKheF,S_j2GKI0O>. The SUMP outlines strategic objectives and policies that encompass all forms of urban transport to achieve long-term sustainability and reduce emissions <snippet id=S_CXq0ZzB,S_zRFP2tl>.
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<snippet id="S_V0L0MNz">The Responsible Innovation COMPASS self-check tool was developed to help SMEs determine to what extent their practices align with RI principles, how to improve innovation processes, and how they compare to other companies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_biGIpF8">A study examined responsible innovation practices in the private sector, drawing on insights from the EU-funded SATORI project and interviews with top management from various companies engaged in R&D across sectors like pharmaceuticals, automotive, and electronics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2VnsofJ">Based on experiences in the EU-funded PRISMA project, six lessons were formulated for RRI in industry, including strategizing for stakeholder engagement, broadening assessments, placing values center stage, experimenting for responsiveness, monitoring RRI progress, and aiming for shared value</snippet>. <snippet id="S_STQQtML">A case study on electric rickshaws (e-rickshaws) in India illustrates the application of RRI principles, highlighting the importance of deliberation and participation in fostering responsible mobility innovations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n0zE5KF">Dreyer et al. argue that RRI should prioritize responsible innovation by emphasizing the creation of enabling ecosystems, stakeholder involvement, and the generation of shared social value through innovative business models</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_Utn1ttO">despite the significant role of industry in funding and producing research, awareness of RRI among companies remains low</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ee74Mr6">the concept remains poorly defined and perceived as vague by industry stakeholders</snippet>, which may hinder widespread adoption.
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<answer>
The search results provide information about RRI frameworks and initiatives in industry but lack specific, well-documented company case studies with named firms and outcomes from 2020-2025. <snippet id="S_biGIpF8">Empirical data from 24 interviews with top management from companies in pharmaceuticals, automotive, electronics, and oil and gas sectors was gathered on RI practices</snippet>, though no specific company names or detailed outcomes were reported. <snippet id="S_STQQtML">A case study on electric rickshaws in India illustrates the application of RRI principles, showing how design processes incorporated universal and culture-specific values to enhance social acceptability</snippet>, representing one documented application of RRI frameworks. <snippet id="S_V0L0MNz">Tools like the Responsible Innovation COMPASS self-check tool were developed to help SMEs evaluate their practices against RI principles</snippet>, and the MoRRI project developed RRI indicators for measuring responsibility in research and innovation. <snippet id="S_2VnsofJ">Six lessons were formulated from the EU-funded PRISMA project for implementing RRI in industry, including strategizing for stakeholder engagement and monitoring RRI progress</snippet>. However, these sources focus more on general frameworks and lessons rather than specific company case studies with documented outcomes.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ZUQGxrS,S_LDF1hLM">RNNs can be characterized as Markovian in their hidden state dynamics, where the hidden state at time t depends solely on the previous hidden state and the current input, expressed as s_t = f(s_{t-1}, x_t)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3C1AUnm">This formulation is formalized in the Elman RNN architecture introduced by Elman in 1990</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LDF1hLM">The Elman-RNN is at least finite-state and has been shown to be at least finite-state, with the tanh function being replaceable by any squashing function without losing computational capability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rH6oPFG">However, RNNs are increasingly recognized as powerful tools for modeling discrete time-series data, which may exhibit non-Markovian properties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZUQGxrS">The hidden state acts as the memory of the RNN, incorporating information from previous states to influence the current output</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_ZUQGxrS,S_LDF1hLM>Recurrence neural networks (RNNs) follow the Markov property in their hidden state dynamics, where the state at time \( t \) depends only on the previous hidden state \( s_{t-1} \) and current input \( x_t \), expressed mathematically as \( s_t = f(s_{t-1}, x_t) \)</snippet>. <snippet id=S_LDF1hLM>Specifically, the Elman-RNN's hidden state follows the Markov property as it relies solely on the previous state and current input to determine the next state</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZUQGxrS>This formulation is similar to hidden Markov models (HMMs), where the probability of a state depends solely on its preceding state</snippet>. <snippet id=S_rH6oPFG>However, RNNs process time-series data that may exhibit non-Markovian properties, positioning RNNs as a more robust alternative to traditional Markov Chains for handling complex dependencies</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gpJiWdY">While Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is suggested as a potential intervention for nomophobia and smartphone addiction in adolescents, the available search results do not contain specific ACT trials or quasi-experiments addressing these issues in India</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1AdEVQX,S_wuXMjIG">Existing research focuses on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness interventions for smartphone addiction among college students in India, with prevalence rates ranging from 39% to 44% among adolescents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4xMqkb6">Studies on nomophobia in India highlight its prevalence and associated anxiety symptoms, but no ACT-specific treatment protocols are documented in the retrieved snippets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gpJiWdY">The review indicates a need for interventions such as ACT to address nomophobia and smartphone addiction, though this remains a gap in the current literature</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ucqR3T5">While some quantitative research exists on nomophobia in India, there is a noted gap in understanding the perceptions and attitudes that lead to nomophobia, indicating a need for more comprehensive studies</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_1AdEVQX">No Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) trials for smartphone addiction or nomophobia in India were found in the search results</snippet>, as <snippet id="S_1AdEVQX">interventions focusing on mindfulness and self-control, which are forms of CBT, have been the primary approach tested in India</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gpJiWdY">One study in the Philippines suggested ACT could address nomophobia and smartphone addiction issues</snippet>, but this does not constitute evidence of ACT implementation in India. <snippet id="S_1AdEVQX">Mindfulness training, a form of CBT, is highlighted as effective in managing problematic smartphone use among Indian college students</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wuXMjIG">Treatment options for smartphone addiction in the Indian context include cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive treatments, with no specific mention of ACT</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBDVj8O">The prevalence study of nomophobia in Puducherry, India found severe signs in 23.5% of participants but did not report any ACT-based interventions</snippet>. Overall, the search results indicate ACT has not been tested for smartphone addiction or nomophobia in India, though it has been recommended for similar behavioral addictions in other Asian contexts.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_bUPY6Gi">Magnetic torques are limited to the plane orthogonal to the Earth's magnetic field, necessitating additional actuators for full three-axis control</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_bUPY6Gi">recent research has explored achieving three-axis attitude control using only magnetorquers, particularly for low-cost micro-satellites</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ukBDHU1">The primary challenge is that magnetic torques are not consistently available across all axes, with the Earth's varying magnetic field allowing for changing controllable subspaces</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ukBDHU1">no established controllability conditions exist for this specific problem</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iyeAiQw">The system's controllability is achieved by leveraging the time-varying nature of the unactuated axis alongside gravity gradient torque</snippet>, distinguishing it from traditional underactuated systems. <snippet id="S_qStKW6y">The linearized time-varying system is completely controllable, under easily verifiable conditions</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_iyeAiQw">the system's controllability is achieved by leveraging the time-varying nature of the unactuated axis alongside gravity gradient torque</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t2mKiMK">The adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) technique achieves high pointing accuracy of less than 0.09 degrees for small satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_bUPY6Gi,S_iyeAiQw">Magnetic torquers generate torque strictly in the plane orthogonal to Earth's magnetic field, meaning they cannot exert torque parallel to the magnetic field vector</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ukBDHU1,S_bUPY6Gi">While this creates instantaneous underactuation, the time-varying nature of the geomagnetic field allows for changing controllable subspaces enabling three-axis control over time using only magnetic torques</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ukBDHU1,S_ANgNK85">Control designs frequently utilize Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR) and H∞ formulations, assuming controllability for linear time-varying systems despite a lack of established conditions, though recent derivations have defined specific conditions to ensure the existence of solutions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bUPY6Gi,S_oM2jLVX">Stabilization strategies often employ periodic approximations of the magnetic field or calculate time-varying control gains online to maintain stability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZQu2xSd">Achievable pointing accuracy using only magnetorquers is constrained, typically reaching around 0.4-0.5 degrees rather than high-precision inertial pointing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AUCovBF,S_ECPha1Z">Recent narrative reviews examine the interrelationships between personal experience of extreme weather events and climate change beliefs, noting mixed empirical evidence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ECPha1Z">Local weather experiences can increase climate change concern, but action is contingent on attributing these experiences to climate change, influenced by prior beliefs and political ideology</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1edmkMa">Of 73 reviewed articles, 59 (81%) measure a direct effect on climate opinion from either subjective experience or measured exposure to weather indicators, though the magnitude of this effect varies widely</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ECPha1Z">Rare extreme weather events have minimal impact on perceptions unless recent, and even then, individuals with strong disbelief in climate change may remain unaffected</snippet>. <snippet id="S_U1i5If6">The heterogeneity of independent variables, dependent variables, study populations, and research designs complicate systematic comparison of these results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cAswUB8">Most existing research relies on survey-based measurements of opinions or intentions, with limited evidence linking extreme weather events to actual behaviors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ECPha1Z">The review calls for longitudinal and experimental studies to better assess causality, as most existing research relies on cross-sectional data</snippet>.
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<answer>
A systematic review of 73 empirical articles identifies mixed evidence on whether extreme weather events shape climate beliefs and policy support, finding modest effects with wide variation in magnitude across studies <snippet id=S_1edmkMa,S_TZrmBlc,S_U1i5If6>. Although local weather anomalies can increase climate concern, individuals must attribute these experiences to climate change for action, a process heavily influenced by prior political beliefs and motivated reasoning <snippet id=S_ECPha1Z,S_V0vjpGS>. Partisan attachments often cause people to interpret weather phenomena in ways that align with existing views, reducing responsiveness among skeptics despite direct exposure <snippet id=S_V0vjpGS,S_ECPha1Z>. Current research is constrained by a reliance on cross-sectional survey data, highlighting a need for longitudinal and experimental studies to better assess causality and behavioral outcomes <snippet id=S_ECPha1Z,S_U1i5If6,S_cAswUB8>. There is also a recognized gap in connecting weather experiences to actual adaptive behaviors and policy adoption beyond self-reported intentions <snippet id=S_cAswUB8,S_mD661ag>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_xZJX2gb,S_w2t8Czc,S_Uw4tuxx">Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) has been reported in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma following dupilumab administration</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_lbjJ55T">a case report describing a 61-year-old woman who developed EGPA after receiving dupilumab for refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and severe asthma</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTEHQp2">In clinical trials SINUS-24 and SINUS-52, mean eosinophil counts were below 0.5 x 10^9/L, but dupilumab treatment led to a transient increase in eosinophil counts around 16 weeks</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_hTEHQp2">two cases of EGPA and one case of high eosinophilia reported in the dupilumab group</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q3c2WyJ">A study examining dupilumab on eosinophilia in patients with diffuse type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis found no cases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), suggesting the increase in eosinophils is not clinically significant</snippet>. <snippet id="S_b6Eg7rp">Dupilumab is the first dual IL-4/IL-13 biologic approved for asthma treatment that targets the shared IL-4Rα receptor and blocks signalling of both IL-4 and IL-13</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Phxoo53">In a randomized controlled trial assessing dupilumab for patients with uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, significant benefits were observed with dupilumab reducing the need for systemic corticosteroids by 78.1% in patients with NSAID-ERD</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Tg5rYfS">A subanalysis of the SINUS-52 study found no significant interaction between placebo and dupilumab in each ECRS severity subgroup (p = 0.06)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_B85IAUH">In patients with severe, uncontrolled CRSwNP, dupilumab as an addon to MFNS improved disease control, symptom burden, sense of smell, and HRQoL across all ECRS subgroups defined by the JESREC algorithm</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence on eosinophil-related adverse events is derived from case reports and clinical trials <snippet id=S_xZJX2gb,S_lbjJ55T,S_Phxoo53>. Dupilumab treatment has been associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma <snippet id=S_xZJX2gb,S_lbjJ55T>. These events can occur following administration even without prior systemic corticosteroid tapering, often presenting with elevated ANCA levels <snippet id=S_xZJX2gb,S_w2t8Czc>. Clinical studies report transient increases in blood eosinophils that typically resolve within six months without clinical sequelae <snippet id=S_Q3c2WyJ,S_Phxoo53>. This pharmacovigilance observation underscores the need to monitor for latent EGPA in patients with specific risk factors <snippet id=S_lbjJ55T,S_Uw4tuxx>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Zjhavtp">AAV-PHP.B demonstrates enhanced thalamic nuclei transduction in C57BL/6J mice compared to native AAV9, with more effective penetration noted in neonatal rodent brains</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_nkwp6M4">AAV-PHP.B demonstrates efficient thalamic transduction in C57BL/6J mice via systemic intravenous delivery, facilitating widespread genetic cargo distribution throughout brain circuits, including cognitive, sensorimotor, and limbic pathways</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Tf1ng3f">Systemic intravenous delivery of AAV-PHP.B in C57BL/6J mice resulted in approximately 10–15% transduction of all cells, with neuronal transduction efficiencies ranging from 5% to 15%, consistent across brain regions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Kf2xyyy">A recent study described a second-generation version of AAV-PHP.B, called AAV-PHP.eB, with an even higher transduction of CNS in C57BL/6J mice following i.v. injection</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ulzEWSz">C57BL/6J animals, a mouse strain exhibiting CNS permissiveness to IV-injected AAV-PHP.B, have high levels of LY6A expression in the microvascular endothelial cells</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Tf1ng3f">a neuron percentage of about 40%, higher in the cortex than in the striatum and hippocampus</snippet>.
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AAV-PHP.B demonstrates enhanced thalamic nuclei transduction in C57BL/6J mice compared to native AAV9 following systemic intravenous delivery <snippet id="S_Zjhavtp">. It facilitates efficient thalamic transduction via this route, facilitating widespread genetic cargo distribution throughout brain circuits <snippet id="S_nkwp6M4">. Quantitative data indicates approximately 10–15% transduction of all cells with neuronal efficiencies ranging from 5% to 15%, consistent across brain regions <snippet id="S_Tf1ng3f">. This efficacy is strain-specific to C57BL/6J mice due to high LY6A expression on brain endothelial cells, while restricted in BALB/cJ strains <snippet id="S_ulzEWSz,S_ojCrL96">. A second-generation variant, AAV-PHP.eB, exhibits higher CNS transduction than AAV-PHP.B in C57BL/6J mice <snippet id="S_Kf2xyyy">.
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<snippet id="S_aBIEdNA">The NCAA sports betting survey snippets do not contain direct evidence linking sports betting to academic performance, GPA, or grades</snippet>. <snippet id="S_D3mgH9K,S_XVuptfy">Available NCAA student-athlete surveys focus on mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, self-esteem) rather than academic consequences of sports betting</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cLws7Zu">One study on sports specialization and academic performance explicitly notes that specific GPA findings were not detailed in the provided text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_spASyqN">While stress and mental health are linked to lower grade-point averages, these snippets do not establish sports betting as the specific cause</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3Fs5H13">General sports participation data shows 52.1% of students reported being members of sports teams, but this does not isolate sports betting effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SVX8Gq8">The search results do not provide the specific quantitative evidence needed to establish sports betting's negative influence on academic performance</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_spASyqN">Depression and anxiety, a byproduct of stress, have been found to be significant predictors of a lower grade-point average among student-athletes</snippet>, but this study does not specifically examine sports betting as a contributing factor. <snippet id="S_aBIEdNA">The median college cumulative grade point average among student-athletes surveyed was 3.01-3.5 out of a possible 4.00</snippet>, but no data on sports betting behaviors were reported in this sample. <snippet id="S_cLws7Zu">A study explored implications of early sports specialization on academic performance including GPA, but specific GPA findings were not detailed in the provided text</snippet> and sports betting was not assessed. <snippet id="S_3Fs5H13">A cross-sectional study of 917 university students reported general grade performance (55.2% good, 23.5% very good, 20.4% average)</snippet>, but this did not include sports betting variables. <snippet id="S_VX3xi10,S_D3mgH9K,S_XVuptfy">Research on NCAA Division I student-athletes focused on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and sports specialization rather than gambling or betting behaviors</snippet>. Consequently, this search did not yield direct quantitative evidence linking sports betting to academic performance outcomes among student-athletes as the agent sought.
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<snippet id="S_JeWVqja">The SBK (Moria) microkeratome with a 90 µm head is used for LASIK flap creation, with both eyes of the same patient operated using the same MK and head</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UfM7r8m">The Moria M2 microkeratome with a disposable head is used for intended flap thickness of 90 µm in all cases, with a superior hinge</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wnn1CAG">Flap thickness is a critical factor in LASIK outcomes, influencing safety and effectiveness, with femtosecond lasers generally yielding better refractive results and lower rates of complications compared to mechanical microkeratomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WPQvDBL">Overall results were excellent for both groups, with a UDVA of 20/20 or better at the first postoperative month, though the femtosecond laser group had a higher efficiency index with faster visual recovery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Vpd5C5Z">Thin-flap LASIK with 90 µm thickness enhances corneal biomechanical stability and reduces the risk of ectasia, with quicker healing times as it avoids removing corneal epithelium</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6j56KuZ">The Hansatome microkeratome produces mean flap thicknesses of approximately 124.8 µm and 120.8 µm under different conditions, with factors influencing flap thickness including the speed of microkeratome advancement and whether the device is manually or automated</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WPQvDBL">The LDV femtosecond laser provides superior results by more closely creating the desired flap thickness, thus accelerating the visual recovery in comparison to microkeratome</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_JeWVqja">The SBK (Moria, Antony, France) is a linear microkeratome with a single-use head featuring a predefined distance of 90 µm between the footplate and the oscillating blade</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_wnn1CAG">none of the retrieved results provide specific SBK-based outcome data with mean ± SD flap thickness, UDVA/CDVA outcomes, or complication rates</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wnn1CAG">General studies indicate that flaps thinner than 90 μm may pose risks including flap slippage and striae</snippet>, while thin flaps in general are advantageous as they preserve more residual stromal tissue and reduce the risk of postoperative dry-eye syndrome by minimizing interference with corneal nerves. <snippet id="S_vx6Nw7L">Comparative studies show femtosecond laser technology provides superior flap thickness predictability and reproducibility compared to microkeratome technology, with faster visual recovery</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_vx6Nw7L">microkeratome technology still represents a reliable method for customized LASIK procedures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6j56KuZ">Traditional microkeratomes like the Hansatome produce mean flap thicknesses of approximately 124.8 µm and 120.8 µm under different conditions</snippet>. The current search results <snippet id="S_JeWVqja,S_UfM7r8m">do mention the Moria M2 and SBK device specifications with intended 90 µm flap thickness</snippet> but <snippet id="S_wnn1CAG,S_vx6Nw7L">lack primary outcome data on the specific Moria One Use-Plus SBK head compared to conventional microkeratomes or femtosecond lasers</snippet>.
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<snippet id=b6b76997-0,b6b76997-5,b6b76997-7>Before It Ends (2023) is a Danish drama directed by Anders Walter, featuring Danish actors Pilou Asbæk, Katrine Greis-Rosenthal, and Morten Hee Andersen</snippet>. <snippet id=b6b76997-1,b6b76997-2,b6b76997-3>Composer Johan Söderqvist is credited with the film's music</snippet>. <snippet id=b6b76997-4>Additional cast members include Peter Kurth, Ulrich Thomsen, and Jakob</snippet>. <snippet id=b6b76997-9>The film was released in Denmark on August 24, 2023</snippet>.
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<answer>
The film "Når Befrielsen kommer" (English title: "Before It Ends") was released in Denmark on August 24, 2023 <snippet id=b6b76997-7> and directed by Anders Walter <snippet id=b6b76997-0,b6b76997-5>. The cast features Danish actor Pilou Asbæk alongside Katrine Greis-Rosenthal, Ulrich Thomsen, Morten Hee Andersen, Peter Kurth, and Lasse Peter Larsen <snippet id=b6b76997-5,b6b76997-6>. Regarding the composer, one source identifies Johan Söderqvist as the composer <snippet id=b6b76997-1>, while another credits Rasmus Walter Hansen for the same role <snippet id=b6b76997-3>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zMbOSKR">The portunid blue crab Callinectes sapidus was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 20th century and is now recorded almost ubiquitously in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zMbOSKR">Transport in ballast water is considered the most probable vector of its introduction</snippet>, with the species establishing populations in various Mediterranean locations including Israel, Egypt, Rhodes, and Venice. <snippet id="S_dTyJk0D">The species is characterized by its eurythermal and euryhaline nature, high fecundity, and strong swimming ability, which facilitate its dispersal and establishment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rYL0SrP">It has been recognized as one of the 100 worst invasive marine species in the Mediterranean due to its aggressive predation on native species and potential economic impacts on fisheries</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PMNgxDm">The Balearic Islands are approximately 182 to 190 km from the nearest mainland populations, and the crab's colonization may have occurred through three potential pathways: natural arrival by adult crabs, larval dispersal via ship ballast tanks, or intentional introduction for commercial purposes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J8ThTYc">Reports show how rapid expansion of C. sapidus can be and that this may be preceded by the presence of isolated individuals</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_PMNgxDm">there is no conclusive evidence to determine the primary vector of introduction</snippet> for the Mediterranean populations.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_zMbOSKR,S_rYL0SrP">Callinectes sapidus introduction to the Mediterranean is primarily attributed to ballast water transport rather than natural current-mediated dispersal</snippet>, and the species has been naturalized in the Mediterranean Sea since the mid-20th century, first recorded in 1935<snippet id="S_dTyJk0D">or 1947</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PMNgxDm">However, no conclusive evidence exists for the primary vector of introduction to the Balearic Islands, where larvae dispersal via ship ballast tanks is considered a potential pathway among others</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MWCj1zw">While larval dispersal potential is difficult to anticipate when factoring solely in PLD, some C. sapidus offspring are retained in near-shore waters while others may be advected</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J8ThTYc">Rapid expansion has been documented, such as along the Iberian Mediterranean coastline where new localities widened the distribution by over 206 km in approximately nine months</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PMNgxDm">However, none of the provided snippets offer peer-reviewed evidence directly linking observed spatiotemporal distribution patterns to specific Mediterranean current structures or hydrodynamic larval dispersal modeling</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yj0PBlW">The INA219 is a Texas Instruments current and bus voltage monitoring chip based on a shunt resistor that can monitor voltages up to 26 VDC and currents up to 5 A</snippet>. <snippet id="S_uBB2emJ">It operates with a supply voltage of 3 to 5.5V and consumes 1mA of energy</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_uBB2emJ">features a delta-sigma ADC with a sampling frequency of 500KHz, supporting 12-bit and 9-bit resolutions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2nWudNz">The minimum and maximum bus speeds supported by INA219 are 0.1MHz and 2.5MHz, respectively</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_yj0PBlW">it sends information to the microcontroller using the I2C protocol</snippet>. <snippet id="S_uBB2emJ">The full-scale voltage range across the shunt resistor is 40mV, resulting in a least significant bit (LSB) size of approximately 10µV for 12-bit resolution</snippet>.
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<answer>
The INA219 is a low-cost current and bus voltage monitoring chip that operates with a supply voltage of 3 to 5.5V and consumes approximately 1mA of power <snippet id=S_uBB2emJ>. It features a delta-sigma ADC with a 500KHz sampling frequency, supporting both 12-bit and 9-bit resolutions <snippet id=S_uBB2emJ>. The chip can monitor voltages up to 26V-32V (depending on configuration) and currents up to 5A, with an accuracy of approximately ±0.5% <snippet id=S_yj0PBlW,S_2nWudNz>. It communicates via the I2C protocol with supported bus speeds from 0.1MHz to 2.5MHz <snippet id=S_yj0PBlW,S_2nWudNz>. The full-scale voltage range across the shunt resistor is 40mV with configurable PGA ranges up to 320mV <snippet id=S_uBB2emJ,S_2nWudNz>. Measurement error increases quadratically for currents exceeding 300mA, while sample preparation times are 532-586µs for 12-bit resolution and 84-93µs for 9-bit resolution <snippet id=S_xRBRwOq,S_uBB2emJ>.
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<snippet id="S_TRzt6TB">The search results do not provide specific statistics regarding the screen time or speaking time percentage for women in Indian cinema as related to the Geena Davis IBM India study from 2019</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UUWURp6">While the Geena Davis Institute has conducted studies on gender bias in movies, the available snippets do not include the specific quantitative data on women's screen time and speaking time percentages for Indian cinema</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PpZ8GvP">The study notes that women have more important movie roles than in the past, but this is a general finding without specific Indian cinema metrics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DrnTdX9">The available snippets discuss global screen time analysis but do not include the specific Indian cinema data requested</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fOHigZy">The search results do not contain the specific quantitative data needed to compare women's on-screen presence in Indian TV shows versus Indian films</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Unfortunately, none of the retrieved search results contain the specific quantitative data you're seeking from the Geena Davis Institute–IBM "Gender Bias in Indian Cinema" report with screen time and speaking time percentages for women in Indian films. <snippet id=S_TRzt6TB>The page does not provide specific statistics regarding the screen time or speaking time percentage for women in Indian cinema as related to the Geena Davis IBM India study from 2019</snippet>. While several snippets discuss gender bias in Indian cinema generally, they do not contain the numeric share of screen time or speaking time figures needed for your comparative analysis. <snippet id=S_UUWURp6,S_PpZ8GvP>Studies on movie gender bias discuss social network analysis and character interactions but do not report the specific GDI-IBM India percentages you need</snippet>. To find this data, you may need to access the original Geena Davis Institute–IBM 2019 report directly or search for the 2019 "Gender Bias in Indian Cinema" publication by Geena Davis Institute with IBM Research specifically. For Indian TV serials, I found no quantitative content analyses in these snippets that report female share of screen time or speaking time in GECs or other Indian television formats.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_XnvWiQm">Reinforcement learning is formalized within the framework of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), defined as a tuple M := (S, A, r, P, γ), where S represents the state space, A the action space, r the expected reward function, P the transition function, and γ the discount factor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm">A policy π maps states to actions, and the value function V π calculates the expected discounted cumulative reward from a state under policy π</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm">The action-value function Q π assesses the expected cumulative reward from a state-action pair followed by policy π</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm">The Bellman operator connects Q values of state-action pairs to subsequent states, with Q π being the unique fixed point of this operator</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qa8UJO9">Q-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning method used to determine an optimal action-selection policy for finite Markov Decision Processes (MDPs)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5erPoiO">The Q-function is central to the discussion, representing the expected total discounted reward from taking an action in a given state, defined recursively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xpgiaj6">RL methods are categorized into value-based and policy gradient methods, with value-based methods such as Q-learning utilizing the Bellman Equation to learn the optimal Q function and derive the optimal policy by acting greedily based on this function</snippet>.
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<answer>
Reinforcement learning is formally defined within the Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework, typically represented as a tuple (S, A, P, R, γ) where S is the state space, A is the action space, P denotes transition probabilities, R indicates reward distributions, and γ is the discount factor <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm,S_SkxXUSg">. A policy π maps states to actions and represents a probability distribution over actions given states, with the goal of maximizing expected discounted cumulative reward <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm,S_xpgiaj6">. The value function V^π calculates the expected discounted cumulative reward from a state under policy π, while the action-value function Q^π assesses expected cumulative reward from a state-action pair <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm,S_xpgiaj6">. The Bellman equation connects Q values of state-action pairs to subsequent states, serving as a recursive definition for optimal action-value functions <snippet id="S_qa8UJO9,S_xpgiaj6">. Temporal difference learning uses the difference between Q values and their Bellman image as an error signal for iterative updates <snippet id="S_XnvWiQm">. Q-learning is a model-free method that learns the optimal Q-function through bootstrapping and off-policy stochastic gradient descent <snippet id="S_qa8UJO9,S_5erPoiO">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">Tauri allows communication between the frontend and Rust code through a command system that ensures type safety</snippet>, with commands defined in the `src-tauri/src/lib.rs` file using the `#[tauri::command]` annotation. <snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">Asynchronous commands are recommended to prevent UI freezes</snippet>, and arguments must be passed as JSON objects with camelCase keys that implement `serde::Deserialize`. <snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">Returned values must implement `serde::Serialize`</snippet>, and commands can access the WebviewWindow instance and manage application state using `tauri::State`. <snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">The Tauri channel is suggested for streaming data to the frontend</snippet>, and events can be emitted globally or to specific webviews with listeners registered for the application's lifetime. <snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">The `@tauri-apps/api` NPM package facilitates listening to events in the frontend</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">Tauri enables communication between the frontend and Rust code through a type-safe command system where commands are defined in `src-tauri/src/lib.rs` using the `#[tauri::command]` annotation</snippet>. Arguments must be passed as JSON objects with camelCase keys that implement `serde::Deserialize`, and returned values must implement `serde::Serialize` <snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">. <snippet id="S_XMf0C3i">Asynchronous commands are recommended to prevent UI freezes, and the frontend uses the `@tauri-apps/api` NPM package with the `invoke` function to call these commands</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AKOgiN5">For bi-directional communication where Rust needs to call the frontend, Tauri provides an event system that supports global or per-webview events</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AKOgiN5">Tauri channels are recommended for streaming operations like download progress to ensure fast, ordered data delivery</snippet>. Commands are better suited for larger data transfers, while events are simpler for smaller two-way communication <snippet id="S_AKOgiN5">.
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<answer>
<snippet id=f86ffe6b-0>Michel Malo was appointed Archbishop of Antsiranana on November 28, 1998</snippet>, and <snippet id=f86ffe6b-2>he served in this position until November 27, 2013</snippet>. <snippet id=f86ffe6b-3>He was previously Titular Bishop of Croæ from September 1, 1988</snippet>, and <snippet id=f86ffe6b-4>his career included auxiliary bishop roles in the Archdiocese of Antsiranana from October 18, 1993 to March 29, 1996</snippet>. <snippet id=f86ffe6b-6>According to the Bishops of Madagascar list, he was Archbishop Michel Malo, Prado (87) from 1998.11.28 to 2013.11.27</snippet>. <snippet id=f86ffe6b-9>He is now Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Antsiranana (Madagascar)</snippet>. This confirms that Michel Malo was indeed the Archbishop of Antsiranana before Benjamin Marc Ramaroson succeeded him in 2013.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=f86ffe6b-0,f86ffe6b-3,f86ffe6b-9>Michel Malo served as Archbishop of Antsiranana from November 28, 1998 until his retirement on November 27, 2013</snippet>. <snippet id=f86ffe6b-2>The next bishop listed for the Archdiocese of Antsiranana is Benjamin Marc</snippet>, confirming he succeeded Michel Malo in this position. From earlier search results, Benjamin Marc Ramaroson was <snippet id=9bbf0cea-6>consecrated by Fulgence Rabemahafaly in 2006</snippet> and <snippet id=9bbf0cea-6>appointed Archbishop of Antsiranana in 2013</snippet>. However, since Benedict XVI resigned in February 2013, Ramaroson's November 2013 appointment would technically have been made by Pope Francis rather than Benedict XVI <snippet id=9bbf0cea-6>. The earlier search indicated the appointment was by Benedict XVI, but this appears to be a timing discrepancy with Benedict's resignation date.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_iC9Kl95,S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ,S_CFKlFPX,S_hbPxsgd,S_g953fh6,S_l2Aodys,S_JcC2gXc,S_Ch6jJ3s">The search results do not contain specific NCAA student-athlete sports wagering surveys stratified by class year or education level</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CFKlFPX">One snippet mentions academic year distribution in a sports injury study, noting an even distribution among academic years, but this is not about sports betting</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ">Other results are about academic major selection, depression, anxiety, nutrition, and career planning, none of which include sports betting data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iC9Kl95,S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ,S_hbPxsgd,S_g953fh6,S_l2Aodys,S_JcC2gXc,S_Ch6jJ3s">The search did not yield the specific evidence needed to answer the query about education-level stratification of sports betting among student-athletes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iC9Kl95,S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ,S_hbPxsgd,S_g953fh6,S_l2Aodys,S_JcC2gXc,S_Ch6jJ3s">The agent may need to conduct additional searches using more specific terms like "wagering," "betting," or "sports betting" to find the required NCAA reports</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<answer>
<snippet id=S_iC9Kl95,S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ,S_hbPxsgd,S_g953fh6,S_l2Aodys,S_JcC2gXc,S_Ch6jJ3s>None of the retrieved snippets contain data on sports betting or wagering among student-athletes</snippet>. <snippet id=S_CFKlFPX>One injury-related study mentions "approximately even distribution of responses among academic years" among Division I athletes, but this is unrelated to gambling behavior</snippet>. The search results provide student-athlete survey data on mental health, nutrition, injuries, and career planning, but do not stratify by education level in the context of sports wagering <snippet id=S_iC9Kl95,S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ,S_CFKlFPX,S_hbPxsgd,S_g953fh6,S_l2Aodys,S_JcC2gXc,S_Ch6jJ3s>. No NCAA national studies on student-athlete sports betting prevalence by class year were found in these snippets <snippet id=S_iC9Kl95,S_7LMF3rQ,S_fvB5dla,S_G8v8FhQ,S_CFKlFPX,S_hbPxsgd,S_g953fh6,S_l2Aodys,S_JcC2gXc,S_Ch6jJ3s>. The agent will need to pursue more specific searches on NCAA gambling reports or surveys that explicitly include sports wagering outcomes with class-year stratification.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_m6mluum,S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA,S_u5QuYL6,S_olLd9e3,S_EbFYAnE,S_MgcSYtU">Multiple studies have extended TAM with psychological factors including trust, perceived risk/privacy concerns, self-efficacy, and technology anxiety to predict adoption of computer-based health information services</snippet>. <snippet id="S_m6mluum,S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA,S_u5QuYL6,S_olLd9e3,S_EbFYAnE,S_MgcSYtU">These constructs significantly influence users' intentions to adopt mHealth services, with trust and perceived ease of use positively correlating with adoption while privacy concerns and perceived risk negatively correlate with trust and adoption intention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_m6mluum,S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA,S_u5QuYL6,S_olLd9e3,S_EbFYAnE,S_MgcSYtU">Self-efficacy is crucial for adoption, with Alam et al. (2020) finding a positive correlation between self-efficacy and mHealth adoption intentions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_m6mluum,S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA,S_u5QuYL6,S_olLd9e3,S_EbFYAnE,S_MgcSYtU">Privacy concerns are identified as a critical risk factor influencing the adoption of mHealth services, with users expressing anxiety over losing control of their information</snippet>. <snippet id="S_m6mluum,S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA,S_u5QuYL6,S_olLd9e3,S_EbFYAnE,S_MgcSYtU">Technology anxiety negatively impacts perceived usefulness and ease of use, with privacy concerns potentially contributing to this anxiety</snippet>. <snippet id="S_m6mluum,S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA,S_u5QuYL6,S_olLd9e3,S_EbFYAnE,S_MgcSYtU">While TAM generally works in the context of mHealth adoption, its significance has declined, with trust and perceived risks being critical for explaining mHealth service adoption among Chinese patients</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Studies extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) demonstrate that psychological constructs like trust, self-efficacy, and privacy concerns are essential for accurately predicting user adoption in mHealth and health information contexts <snippet id=S_m6mluum,S_AOe4wiA>. Positive correlations exist between trust, self-efficacy, and adoption intentions, with users reporting higher willingness to use services when confident and trusting <snippet id=S_u5QuYL6,S_MgcSYtU,S_EbFYAnE>. Conversely, technology anxiety and privacy concerns act as significant deterrents, negatively affecting perceived usefulness and creating a privacy-personalization paradox <snippet id=S_XA3Nc9y,S_1YnpIfz,S_AOe4wiA>. While most literature identifies perceived risk as a negative factor affecting trust and adoption, some studies note inconsistencies where privacy concerns did not significantly impact intention in specific app categories <snippet id=S_zoi3ecY,S_olLd9e3>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_rt5MhEI">The Mental Capacity Act 2005 defines mental capacity as "the decision-making skills of a person" and states that a person lacks capacity "at the material time he [or she] is unable to make a decision for himself [or herself] in relation to the matter"</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rt5MhEI">The functional test assesses decision-making abilities on an issue-specific basis, recognising that mental capacity may fluctuate and that it needs to be assessed at a particular time in relation to a particular decision</snippet>. <snippet id="S_48Fec5e">For patients with illnesses with fluctuating course, such as vascular dementia, on one occasion they may be able to make the decision and on another may require a supported process or lack capacity regarding that decision</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NGDhYit">A person who lacks mental capacity is defined as "a person who lacks capacity to make a particular decision or take a particular action for themselves at the time the decision or action needs to be taken"</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7RXCF3W">The Act provides safeguards for vulnerable people and protects people who lack capacity to do so</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NGDhYit">The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 defines a person lacking capacity as someone unable to make a decision for themselves "at the time the decision or action needs to be taken"</snippet>, <snippet id="S_rt5MhEI">while Section 2(1) specifies that a person lacks capacity if "at the material time he [or she] is unable to make a decision for himself [or herself] in relation to the matter"</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rt5MhEI">The functional test is issue-specific, recognizing that mental capacity may fluctuate and needs to be assessed at a particular time regarding a particular decision</snippet>. <snippet id="S_48Fec5e">For patients with illnesses such as vascular dementia with a fluctuating course, a person may have capacity to decide on one occasion but lack it on another</snippet>. <snippet id="S_48Fec5e">In the Mental Capacity Act 2005, a decision about whether or not the person has capacity must be made on the balance of probabilities</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_zx3NK0R">The Daubert standard governs the admissibility of expert testimony in U.S. courts, including machine learning and algorithmic bias evidence</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_ZwyJkrJ">courts often misinterpret Daubert's objectives, assuming expert testimony must derive from the scientific method, which can lead to the rejection of valid evidence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7W7HZbG">Criticisms of Daubert highlight its unclear criteria, judges' lack of expertise in complex scientific methodologies, and potential difficulties for the defense in presenting expert evidence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NeZrEio">In common law systems, a reliability standard may exclude low-quality evidence, while civil law systems allow admission but assess reliability later</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lb8rMQF">The current legal landscape creates inaction where agencies and technologists hesitate to mitigate bias due to uncertainty in legal liability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Mq1ztfV">The proprietary nature of many risk assessment algorithms complicates transparency, making it essential for AI systems to be transparent and explainable to ensure responsible use in legal contexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pkT2pAd">While some legal questions can be supported by AI, limitations exist, particularly when new social or economic categories arise, such as gig workers</snippet>.
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Daubert criteria require expert testimony to be testable, peer-reviewed, and possess known error rates, yet digital forensics often lacks the standardized scientific validation necessary to meet these standards <snippet id="S_sta0tLV,S_7W7HZbG,S_wf63Tfy">. Judges frequently lack the technical expertise to conduct thorough reliability assessments on complex machine learning methodologies, creating uncertainty in admitting algorithmic bias evidence <snippet id="S_ZwyJkrJ,S_7W7HZbG">. The opaque "black box" nature of many algorithms further complicates transparency and accountability, making it difficult for courts to evaluate the rationale behind AI outputs <snippet id="S_Mq1ztfV">. Consequently, experts argue that validation of forensic methods should occur before reaching the courtroom to ensure objectivity <snippet id="S_NeZrEio">. Furthermore, courts may misinterpret Daubert's objectives or overestimate the accuracy of algorithmic evidence due to cognitive biases <snippet id="S_ZwyJkrJ,S_Mq1ztfV">.
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<snippet id="S_hAgMjAR,S_o2B3uFs,S_uu8jBlX">Bert Bertrand was the son of the renowned Belgian comics writer and musician Yvan Delporte</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hAgMjAR">Yvan Delporte was a distinguished Belgian comics writer and musician, father of Bert Bertrand (1955—1983)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o2B3uFs">Yvan Delporte's son was the Belgian rock music journalist Bert Bertrand (1955-1983), who committed suicide at age 27</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hAgMjAR">Bert Bertrand was a journalist from Belgium who played a major role in the early days of punk rock in Belgium</snippet>. <snippet id="S_uu8jBlX">Yvan Delporte (24 June 1928, Brussels, Belgium — 5 March 2007, ibid.) was a distinguished Belgian comics writer and musician</snippet>.
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<answer>
Multiple authoritative sources confirm that Bert Bertrand (1955–1983) was the son of Yvan Delporte, a renowned Belgian comics writer and cartoonist <snippet id="S_hAgMjAR,S_uu8jBlX,S_G651rGV">Bert Bertrand was a Belgian journalist from Belgium and the son of cartoonist Yvan Delporte, who was a distinguished Belgian comics writer and editor</snippet>. Yvan Delporte was born on June 24, 1928, in Brussels and died on March 5, 2007 <snippet id="S_uu8jBlX,S_y1ygFOP">Yvan Delporte (24 June 1928, Brussels, Belgium — 5 March 2007, ibid.) was a distinguished Belgian comics writer and musician</snippet>. Bert Bertrand was also a Belgian rock music journalist who commited suicide at age 27 <snippet id="S_o2B3uFs,S_G651rGV">Yvan Delporte's son was the Belgian rock music journalist Bert Bertrand (1955-1983), who committed suicide at age 27</snippet>. This relationship is confirmed across Wikipedia, Discogs, Lambiek, and Wikidata entries <snippet id="S_hAgMjAR,S_uu8jBlX,S_SqGZagA">Multiple sources independently verify this parent-child relationship between Bert Bertrand and Yvan Delporte</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_M0MgfvS,S_BMg9rdE">Meta-analytic evidence indicates that at least 10 weekly sets per muscle group are necessary to maximize muscle mass, with optimal gains observed at 4-6 sets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M0MgfvS">Performing 2-3 sets can lead to 40% greater muscle strength and hypertrophy compared to a single set</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_BMg9rdE">at least 10 sets per week per muscle group is optimal</snippet> for achieving hypertrophy. <snippet id="S_39pf7yn">When resistance training volume is equated, differences in strength and hypertrophy gains between training to failure and not to failure diminish</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_39pf7yn">greater strength gains with non-failure training (effect size: 0.32) when volume was not matched</snippet> and <snippet id="S_39pf7yn">a small advantage in hypertrophy was noted for training to failure (effect size: 0.15)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DITQBm0">Of the 8 studies included in this review, 4 equated training volume between the groups and 4 did not equate training volume</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_DITQBm0">the same is not true for hypertrophy</snippet> in volume-equated designs. <snippet id="S_BMg9rdE">Other variables as, exercise order, time of the day and type of periodization appear not to directly influence the magnitude of muscle mass gains</snippet>.
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The provided search results confirm that weekly volume and training to failure are significant variables, noting that at least 10 sets per week per muscle group are optimal for hypertrophy <snippet id=S_BMg9rdE>at least 10 sets per week per muscle group is optimal</snippet>. Meta-analyses indicate that when resistance training volume is equated, differences in strength and hypertrophy gains between training to failure and not to failure diminish <snippet id=S_39pf7yn>Meta-analyses indicate that when resistance training volume is equated, differences in strength and hypertrophy gains between training to failure and not to failure diminish</snippet>. While an umbrella review notes that other variables like periodization do not directly influence mass gains <snippet id=S_BMg9rdE>other variables as, exercise order, time of the day and type of periodization appear not to directly influence the magnitude of muscle mass gains</snippet>, no snippets contain specific meta-analytic evidence on training frequency with volume-equated designs to clarify how often to train each muscle.
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<snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">Shaw et al. (2006) found that the trajectory of cortical thickness in the frontal region is a more significant indicator of intelligence than static measurements</snippet>, with participants stratified into three IQ bands (average, high, and superior IQ) showing maximum trajectory differences in the superior frontal gyrus bilaterally extending into the medial PFC <snippet id="S_b2tZosi">. The children with the highest IQ had a thinner cortex in early childhood but cortical thickness then increased, peaking at around age 11, and then underwent the most dramatic cortical thinning thereafter</snippet> <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">. In the superior group, the cortex was relatively thin at first, increasing rapidly to reach a peak at the age of approximately 11 years, and then rapidly thinning again</snippet> <snippet id="S_b2tZosi">. This pattern of developmental changes was deeply associated with cognitive function, with how the gray matter thickness of the frontal cortex changes during childhood affecting intellectual level</snippet> <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">. The study showed that the patterns of developmental changes observed in the thickness of the cortex of the frontal region were quite different among the groups</snippet> <snippet id="S_b2tZosi">. Shaw and colleagues proposed that intelligence levels relate to how the cortex changes during development</snippet>.
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The Shaw et al. (2006) Nature study analyzed approximately 300 healthy children and adults using structural MRI to examine cortical thickness trajectories <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9,S_0S0WfWi">Participants were stratified into three IQ bands: average, high, and superior groups</snippet> <snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">Maximum trajectory differences occurred in the superior frontal gyrus bilaterally extending into the medial prefrontal cortex</snippet> <snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">Children with the highest IQ had thinner cortex in early childhood, with cortical thickness increasing until around age 11, then undergoing dramatic cortical thinning</snippet> <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">In contrast, the average group showed slower change with peak cortical thickness reaching earlier at age 7-8 years</snippet> <snippet id="S_0S0WfWi">Shaw et al. found that changes in cortical thickness were more closely related to intelligence than thickness itself, with negative correlations in early childhood and positive correlations emerging in late adolescence</snippet> <snippet id="S_553jrV2">The study concluded that the trajectory of cortical thickness in the anterior prefrontal cortex from ages 4 to 29 is a more significant indicator of intelligence than static measurements</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">miR-432-5p is a ferroptosis inhibitor that protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting Keap1 expression</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">In rat models of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, miR-432-5p-Lipo reduced infarct size by approximately 30% and inhibited ferroptosis in myocardial tissue</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">The miR-432-5p mimic increases nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and decreases Keap1 protein levels in cardiomyocytes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">This mechanism demonstrates that miR-432-5p can increase cardiomyocyte tolerance to hypoxia/reoxygenation through ferroptosis inhibition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WtGzRaV">While miR-432-5p is recognized as a potential therapeutic agent for modulating ischemia-reperfusion injury, the available literature focuses on its role in myocardial protection rather than cerebral ischemia</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LcCAzbU">Other microRNAs such as miR-190-5p have been identified as regulators of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, but miR-432-5p remains a distinct target for ferroptosis modulation</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">miR-432-5p demonstrates a cytoprotective effect in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) primarily through the inhibition of ferroptosis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">Mechanistically, the miR-432-5p mimic increases the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) while decreasing Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein levels in cardiomyocytes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">In rat models of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, miR-432-5p-Lipo reduced infarct size by approximately 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">This therapeutic approach increases the tolerance of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation through the activation of the Nrf2 and HO-1 pathway</snippet>.
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<snippet id="45903,14073,23379">The UK Equality Act permits proportionate, voluntary measures to help groups with protected characteristics overcome disadvantage, meet different needs, or boost under‑representation</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073">Two types of positive action exist: general measures (training, outreach) under section 158 and recruitment/promotion tie-breaks between equally qualified candidates under section 159</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073">Employers must have evidence, set clear aims, assess proportionality, consult, document timescales and metrics, and avoid unlawful positive discrimination</snippet>. <snippet id="23379">Quotas or outright preference ("positive discrimination") are unlawful, and a narrow "tie‑breaker" allows choosing an equally qualified candidate from an under‑represented protected group</snippet>. <snippet id="14073">Published in response to Inclusive Britain (Action 70), this guidance explains positive action under the Equality Act 2010</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="45903,14073,23379">The legal and social policy domain is satisfied by "positive action," which under the UK Equality Act 2010 permits employers to take proportionate steps to reduce disadvantage, meet different needs, and boost participation for people with protected characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">This includes voluntary measures such as targeted outreach, training, and mentoring, as well as using "tie-breaker" provisions to select equally qualified candidates from under-represented groups</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">The guidance explicitly warns that quotas or outright preference, termed "positive discrimination," remain unlawful and must be avoided</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">Farman Behboud was born in Tehran</snippet>, according to the Wikipedia entry for the Iranian pianist. <snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">He was an Iranian pianist and piano teacher who lived from 1946 to March 2010</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">He studied the piano at the Tehran Conservatory of Music</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0ySmNc6">His Persian Wikipedia entry confirms his identity as an Iranian musician</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WOoBJOO">He is listed in the Wikipedia category of Iranian music educators</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qJ06bQ1">He is also included in the category of 20th-century pianists</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">Farman Behboud was an Iranian pianist and piano teacher who lived from 1946 to March 2010</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">He was born in Tehran</snippet>, which confirms the birthplace information that was previously unverified in the Amazon listing. <snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">He studied the piano at the Tehran Conservatory of Music</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0ySmNc6">His information is also documented on Wikidata with references from the English Wikipedia</snippet>, providing a credible source confirming these biographical details. <snippet id="S_opn38e6, S_WOoBJOO, S_qJ06bQ1">He is categorized among Iranian pianists, Iranian music educators, and piano educators in Wikipedia's classification system</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_TLjl68g">Academic evidence indicates that onshore wind and solar PV have achieved "subsidy-free" entry in Europe between 2022 and 2024, with costs becoming competitive with conventional energy sources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MrabmQo">This development reflects a broader shift towards subsidy-free solar and corporate Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) in the renewable energy sector, particularly for merchant projects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yJltDhZ">The methodology for analyzing subsidy-free solar and corporate PPAs is well-established, with capacity factor time series and weather regime data being used to optimize geographic distribution of capacities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYM5KRU">Europe installed 14.7 GW of new wind capacity in 2020, with around 70%-72% of new installations coming from onshore wind</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kMOF7RS">A 100% renewable electricity system in Germany is projected to install nearly 300 GW of variable renewable energy sources by 2024, including 92 GW of solar PV and 94 GW of onshore wind</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TLjl68g">Long-term contracts can help reduce financial risks for developers, with some opting for merchant projects even in subsidy-free scenarios</snippet>.
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<answer>
Recent analysis highlights that the cost of onshore wind and solar PV has become competitive with conventional energy sources in Europe between 2022 and 2024, supporting the potential for "subsidy-free" variable renewable electricity <snippet id=S_TLjl68g>. In 2022, wind and photovoltaic sources generated the most energy in the EU for the first time, marking a shift towards subsidy-free solar and corporate Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for merchant projects <snippet id=S_MrabmQo>. Research findings explicitly provide insights relevant to subsidy-free solar and corporate PPAs in the context of merchant projects during this period <snippet id=S_yJltDhZ>. Although long-term contracts can reduce financial risks for developers, the ability to opt for merchant projects indicates a reduced reliance on direct subsidies <snippet id=S_TLjl68g>.
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<snippet id="S_jASSzem">Security Operations Centers (SOCs) face significant challenges in triage, containment, and escalation of security incidents, exacerbated by a skills shortage and limited resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fooVN2d">People comprises analysts, administrators, incident responders, SOC manager etc. who perform continuous monitoring of the organisation's business services and IT estate by leveraging the capabilities offered by Technology e.g. SIEM tool</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bJoVI0X">Integrating human knowledge into SIEM systems within a Security Operations Center (SOC) enhances incident response by combining technical data with human-generated information</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jGkcdTw">A Security Operations Center (SOC) integrates processes, technologies, and people to enhance an organization's security posture, utilizing tools like Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) for centralized data collection and analysis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MiFhCNN">Security Operation Centers (SOCs) utilize Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems to aggregate diverse data feeds, but the manual effort of sorting through logs and alerts remains significant</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N8vE9z0">SOAR refers to three main security topics: (i) security orchestration, focusing on the workflow management, integration and unification of components involved in security operations; (ii) security automation, responsible for automating repetitive controls, tasks and processes taking place in security operations; (iii) security incident response, focusing on the identification and management of security threats and incidents</snippet>.
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<answer>
Research indicates that a Security Operations Center integrates processes, technologies, and people, distinguishing the human element from the technology constituent parts like SIEM <snippet id=S_jGkcdTw, S_fooVN2d>. Operational workflows currently require significant manual effort to sort through logs, prompting the deployment of SOAR tools to automate incident response tasks and enhance consistency <snippet id=S_MiFhCNN, S_EVAR13K>. However, analysts remain central to the process, tasked with analyzing alerts and reacting to incidents despite challenges like high volumes of false positives and skills shortages <snippet id=S_S2tPwi7, S_jASSzem>. Socio-technical perspectives highlight the need to integrate human knowledge into SIEM systems, treating analysts as security sensors for effective threat intelligence <snippet id=S_bJoVI0X>. Effective SOC performance thus relies on optimizing the interplay between human capabilities and automated orchestration within established policies and procedures <snippet id=S_fooVN2d, S_N8vE9z0>.
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<snippet id="S_GB7QfIm">Solvation free energy is used to calculate the displacement of active-site water molecules during protein-ligand binding, where the free energy change is substantially contributed by this displacement process</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GB7QfIm">The displacing gain of unfavorable water is effective for successful docking campaigns, as demonstrated by combining GIST-based desolvation functions with AutoDock4 scoring functions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ymVwJ1u">Hydration site analysis identifies regions where waters can be replaced by ligand groups to enhance binding affinity, with stable waters in cavities like the Kac cavity being particularly important</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eBeFG84">GIST can be used to locate areas of unfavorable bound waters, which can then be replaced to improve ligand binding</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SHeASmv">GIST calculates solvation free energy on a grid surrounding the protein, providing a reliable measure of hydrophobicity characteristics of binding interfaces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8jYnZiI">WaterMap is used to estimate hydration site energies in protein-ligand interactions, with WScore incorporating these calculations into scoring functions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_p9O1cQ6">Ligand binding reorganizes the water network, with displacement of ordered water into the bulk solvent being a key factor in ligand binding</snippet>.
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Medicinal chemistry design distinguishes between stable water molecules that ligands should ideally bridge and unfavorable waters that can be displaced to improve affinity <snippet id="S_p9O1cQ6,S_eBeFG84">. GIST quantifies the thermodynamic properties of water molecules on a grid to identify binding sites with unfavorable hydration due to disrupted hydrogen bonding networks compared to bulk water <snippet id="S_SHeASmv,S_2NHg3kC">. Displacing these high-energy waters contributes substantially to the desolvation free energy change, providing a gain in affinity that drives medicinal chemistry decisions <snippet id="S_GB7QfIm,S_eBeFG84">. Tools like WaterMap and AutoDock-GIST use these calculations, with displacing unfavorable waters shown to improve docking success <snippet id="S_8jYnZiI,S_GB7QfIm">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">In middle-aged adults (40–69 years), speech-in-noise hearing ability declines exponentially with age, particularly after 50, and this decline is more pronounced in individuals with lower cognitive scores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">Both decreasing cognitive ability and increasing age were independently linked to reduced speech-in-noise hearing ability</snippet>, with men reporting up to 60% more difficulty hearing than women. <snippet id="S_wq5ULhh">The Digit Triplets Test (DTT) has been integrated into the UK Biobank, allowing for large-scale analysis of its impact on cognitive abilities</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_Pe6xixh">the relationship between these cognitive categories and speech-in-noise performance, specifically using the digits-in-noise (DTT) test, is explored</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6LtqBkZ">For normal-hearing listeners, only the backward digit span slightly explained their sentence-in-noise performance variance</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_6LtqBkZ">HI listeners' performance was significantly influenced by age, high-frequency hearing sensitivity, temporal resolution abilities, and working memory span</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lcV4BpG">Poorer SRTn was associated with lower brain volume globally as well as in PAC and cognitive processing regions</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">subjective reports of hearing issues often exceed objective measures, indicating a need for improved assessment methods</snippet>.
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<answer>
Research analyzing nearly half a million participants aged 40–69 in the UK Biobank found that speech-in-noise ability declines exponentially with age, particularly after 50 <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">. This decline occurs even when audiogram results remain stable and is independently linked to lower cognitive scores, with working memory measures explaining performance variance in normal hearing listeners <snippet id="S_wq5ULhh">, <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">, <snippet id="S_6LtqBkZ">. Men reported up to 60% more difficulty hearing than women, and workplace noise exposure correlated with both subjective and objective hearing difficulties <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">. Poorer speech reception thresholds in noise are associated with lower brain volume in auditory and cognitive processing regions <snippet id="S_lcV4BpG">. Traditional hearing tests do not effectively predict speech-in-noise difficulties, and while the Digit Triplets Test is the primary measure, it may not be as sensitive to cognitive function as other tests <snippet id="S_wq5ULhh">, <snippet id="S_Pe6xixh">.
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<snippet id="S_BXuMg6j,S_f8RhjsN,S_yYzh15t">Caltech offers undergraduate courses in the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences that explicitly discuss time travel, including topics on time travel and the reality of the past and future</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bRK6G3T">The course HPS/Pl 124 - Philosophy of Space and Time is specifically designed to cover time travel, with instructor Hubert</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dkmQAw1,S_WRmj66W">Additional courses like HPS/Pl 125 - Philosophical Issues in Quantum Physics also address time travel, with instructor Hitchcock</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xCXvzkx">The course syllabus includes Lewis's "The Paradoxes of Time Travel" as a suggested paper topic</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yX7cAan">Caltech also hosts research on closed timelike curves through its Institute for Theoretical Physics</snippet>.
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<answer>
Caltech offers several courses that explicitly discuss time travel topics. <snippet id="S_xCXvzkx,S_bRK6G3T,S_f8RhjsN">HPS/Pl 124 Philosophy of Space and Time includes topics such as "time travel and the reality of the past and future" as well as related paper topics on "The Paradoxes of Time Travel"</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qbeM0Ad,S_f8RhjsN,S_yYzh15t">Hum/Pl 44 also covers time travel among its course topics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dkmQAw1,S_WRmj66W">HPS/Pl 125 Philosophical Issues in Quantum Physics similarly lists time travel in its curriculum</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yX7cAan">Additionally, Kip Thorne's research paper "Closed Timelike Curves" from the theoretical physics group discusses physics mechanisms related to time travel and chronology protection</snippet>. These courses span both humanities/philosophy and physics departments, addressing time travel from multiple disciplinary perspectives.
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<snippet id="S_TcXqr2x,S_iSLtuvW,S_tte7Ubj,S_YBdf4MH,S_hOa8qcS,S_an5NoVR,S_E9a5JQO,S_kYwzZ7D,S_7UaVgJ2,S_pMv9wbZ">The search results do not contain specific information about CVE-2024-3094, the xz utils backdoor, or its impacts on Linux distributions, Debian, Fedora, or OpenSSH</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TcXqr2x">The available snippets discuss vulnerabilities in OpenSSH and sudo for compromising Confidential Virtual Machines, but do not mention the xz utils backdoor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iSLtuvW">The dataset REVEAL is used for code vulnerability detection but does not include CVE-2024-3094 or related backdoor information</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E9a5JQO">The snippets mention CVE-2024-25744 for int 0x80 but do not reference CVE-2024-3094 or the xz utils backdoor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pMv9wbZ">The search results do not specifically address CVE-2024-3094, xz utils, or the responses from Debian, Fedora, or OpenSSH regarding these issues</snippet>. <answer>
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<answer>
None of the provided search snippets contain relevant information about CVE-2024-3094, the xz Utils backdoor incident, or the specific impacts on Linux distributions like Debian and Fedora. The search results instead cover unrelated topics including CVE-2024-25744 and CVE-2024-25743 regarding Confidential VM attacks using OpenSSH vulnerabilities <snippet id="S_E9a5JQO">, LLM backdoor attack research and defenses <snippet id="S_an5NoVR,S_YBdf4MH">, and BusyBox vulnerabilities in embedded devices <snippet id="S_pMv9wbZ">. No snippets provide evidence about the 2024 xz Utils supply-chain attack, OpenSSH mitigation responses, or distro-specific reactions to this backdoor incident.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gW4hWao">Hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores (HyMNs) have been developed for neuromorphic computing, exhibiting synapse-like learning and forgetting capabilities through voltage pulses</snippet>, with energy consumption comparable to biological neurons at a few picojoules. <snippet id="S_AYSIBfy">Synapses based on analog memristors have demonstrated the ability to simulate essential neural functions including short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QPm1BVy">Iontronic devices using ions in liquid environments can exhibit synaptic plasticity and have shown potential in signaling and computing applications</snippet>, though most existing memristors remain solid-state. <snippet id="S_wZI5ieO">Research on artificial synaptic devices has advanced significantly since the introduction of nanoparticle organic memory field effect transistors (NOMFET) in 2013, which mimics memristors and exhibits biospiking synapse behavior</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_gW4hWao">none of the provided snippets explicitly describe glass nanopipette or nanocapillary devices used for neuromorphic computing</snippet>, as the available results focus on oxide thin films, hydrophobically gated nanopores, and 2D nanomaterials. <snippet id="S_tmhzp2h">Reviews on flexible neuromorphic computing have been published, but very few reviews on flexible devices have been published to date</snippet>, indicating a gap in the literature for glass-based implementations.
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Based on the search results, there are no confirmed papers from 2023–2025 specifically using glass nanopipettes or glass nanocapillaries for neuromorphic computing applications. The search returned relevant neuromorphic memristor research, including hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores (HyMNs) that exhibit synapse-like learning and forgetting capabilities with picojoule energy consumption <snippet id="S_gW4hWao">. Iontronic nanochannels using aqueous iontronic memristors have shown potential for synaptic plasticity, bridging solid-state limitations with biological synapse characteristics <snippet id="S_QPm1BVy">. However, these results do not specify glass as the nanopore/nanochannel material, and most papers focus on solid-state oxide memristors or 2D nanomaterials rather than glass nanopipettes <snippet id="S_tmhzp2h">, <snippet id="S_vZ4tG5T">. The agent may need to refine the search to explicitly include "glass nanopipette" or "glass nanocapillary" as material specifications to find the targeted results.
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<snippet id="S_PEvoFKz">Recent surveys on federated learning in wireless networks provide comprehensive overviews of state-of-the-art techniques and future research directions</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_VdfygkU">none of the available snippets explicitly enumerate specific evaluation metrics like transmitted bits per round, cumulative overhead, or compression ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Energy efficiency metrics are defined in terms of total energy consumption due to computation and communication tasks, with feasibility metrics based on system design parameters</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">datasets such as MNIST and Fashion-MNIST are commonly used in federated learning evaluations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wEITQfh">Wireless communication challenges include varying channel conditions and heterogeneous energy capacity across devices</snippet>, which are addressed through techniques like joint superposition coding and training. <snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Communication efficiency is a main research theme where excessive communication overhead is reduced by compressing local gradients or allowing infrequent uploading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PEvoFKz">However, the snippets do not provide a complete list of commonly used datasets, platforms (e.g., LEAF, FedML, Flower), or baseline methods (e.g., FedAvg, FedProx, SCAFFOLD) for wireless FL evaluations</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PEvoFKz">High communication and energy costs are identified as key challenges in FL that need to be addressed in wireless networks</snippet>, <snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Communication efficiency is a main research theme due to excessive overhead from uploading high-dimensional models/gradients, with communication-and-learning integration being a key approach</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Energy consumption minimization is formulated under outage, latency, and bandwidth constraints with client selection algorithms to reduce participating clients</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Fundamental tradeoffs exist between device energy consumption and learning speed quantified in FEEL system performance</snippet>, <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Total energy due to computation and communication tasks is minimized subject to bandwidth, latency, and outage constraints</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ZLZf0RY">Energy efficiency in bandwidth-limited systems with energy-limited UEs is achieved through scheduling policies that save energy while maintaining model convergence</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Datasets including MNIST and Fashion-MNIST in IID and non-IID settings are used to test proposed algorithms</snippet>, <snippet id="S_ZLZf0RY">Bandwidth-limited networks with energy-limited UEs are evaluated for energy efficiency in practical federated learning cases</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Over-the-air computing is proposed as a multiaccess scheme to support fast model/gradient aggregation using waveform superposition</snippet>.

Note: While these sources discuss communication efficiency challenges, energy metrics, and some datasets, they do not provide the comprehensive metric definitions (bits per round, compression ratio, energy-delay product formulas), specific platform listings (LEAF, FedML, Flower, TFF, FedScale), or complete baseline method enumerations the query requested.
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