<answer>
<snippet id="S_uaEiMtD">Constitutive models for curled fiber bundle composites are based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, incorporating Helmholtz free energy to account for isothermal deformation and water absorption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aLjwyeo">Research on tensile behavior of nonwoven fabrics highlights the significance of fiber curl distribution in predicting stress-strain properties, with recent studies employing finite element analysis (FEA) and discrete cell methods to examine how factors like curl affect lateral contraction during tensile deformation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_nEp7Z1r">Dynamic bundle simulation (DBS) methods model fiber bundles as truss elements, allowing them to interact independently with the matrix and each other, eliminating the need for empirical interaction parameters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JVPAK0S">The probabilistic fiber bundle model and micromechanical multifiber model are used to capture cracking in fiber composites, with critical stress against carbon fibers captured in experimental studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KEqtZX5">Micromechanics-based surrogate models calibrate mesoscale constitutive models to allow realistic representations of fibers, matrix, and fiber/matrix interface, though effectiveness is constrained by simplifying assumptions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QqXk86a">Models for impregnation processes account for different fiber arrangements, volume fraction of reinforcement, and impregnation time, with results obtained close to experimental data demonstrating good accuracy</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_uaEiMtD>A constitutive model for curled fiber bundle composites based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics exists for natural fiber-based composites</snippet>. This model utilizes Helmholtz free energy to account for isothermal deformation and water absorption, predicting tensile strength and elasticity over time <snippet id=S_uaEiMtD>. In nonwoven composites, fiber curl distribution is significant for predicting stress-strain properties through analytical theories and finite element analysis <snippet id=S_aLjwyeo>. General fiber bundle modeling employs probabilistic fiber bundle or micromechanical multifiber models to capture failure modes like cracking and strength reduction <snippet id=S_JVPAK0S>. Simulation methods such as Direct Fiber Simulation (DFS) represent thousands of fibers as bundles to maintain nominal volume fractions while simplifying calculations <snippet id=S_nEp7Z1r>. Multiscale frameworks often treat local constitutive models for matrix and yarn phases as interchangeable elements within a homogenization structure <snippet id=S_dmbiHtW>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="search_failure">The search query returned a search failure, preventing access to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics data portal</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">No data on PhD graduates per year for Arab League countries could be retrieved</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">The agent will need to retry the search with a different approach or query</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">Alternative sources such as national statistics offices or World Bank EdStats may need to be explored</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="N/A">The search query to the UNESCO UIS Data portal failed to return results</snippet>, so no information about the "Graduates from doctoral or equivalent programmes" indicator definition or country-year values could be retrieved. <snippet id="N/A">As a result, the agent cannot compile the requested table of annual PhD graduates for Arab League countries using UIS/WB data from this search attempt</snippet>. <snippet id="N/A">The agent will need to retry the search or try alternative search strategies</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_NTEjpgu">Recent machine-learning enabled thermodynamic models are being developed to design new rare-earth compounds, with specific interest in GdN, SmN, and DyN for their potential in spintronics and computing applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">These materials are being integrated into III-nitride ferroelectric semiconductors to enable applications in spintronics and computing, leveraging their unique properties in advanced electronic devices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UoORPVu">Rare earth mononitrides with the formula RN (where R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) have been investigated in depth, displaying NaCl-type crystal structures and FM to PM SOPT with Curie temperatures in the region of 6 to 60 K</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUUZSSY">Iron nitrides, particularly the α′′-Fe16N2 phase, are explored for their potential in permanent magnet applications due to their high saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which may allow them to replace rare-earth alloys in electrotechnical devices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vPu05Ea">This special issue focuses on recent progress made with rare earth luminescent materials and considers designs, preparation methods and applications in lighting, displays, sensing, optical information storage, biomedicine, and so on</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TrcotqS">New functionalities, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and superconductivity, have been implanted into III-nitrides to expand their capability in next-generation semiconductor and quantum technologies</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_NTEjpgu">GdN, SmN, and DyN are specifically identified as compounds of interest for spintronics and computing applications, with ongoing research aimed at leveraging their unique properties for emerging technologies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UoORPVu">Rare earth mononitrides (RN where R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) display NaCl-type crystal structure and FM to PM SOPT with Curie temperatures in the region of 6 to 60 K, following the trend of decreasing Curie temperature along the series Gd < Tb < Dy < Ho < Er</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">Rare earth nitrides like GdN, SmN, and DyN are mentioned in relation to advanced electronic devices and computing applications through nitride ferroelectric semiconductors</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_UoORPVu,S_NTEjpgu,S_eB8VfgQ">the available search results lack comprehensive 2022-2025 quantitative metrics for device demonstrations including spin polarization, tunnel magnetoresistance, switching energies, or semiconductor integration results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NTEjpgu">Recent advancements in machine learning and predictive science are being applied to enhance discovery and design of new rare earth compounds, moving beyond serendipitous findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">Nitride ferroelectric semiconductors show promise for applications in electronic, ferroelectronic, acoustoelectronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices systems</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_LWLhNj8,S_15YakJi">A randomized controlled trial of the ASSISTments online homework intervention found a significant effect size of Hedges's g = 0.17, indicating a meaningful improvement in student achievement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LWLhNj8">The intervention was designed for all students in a school, rather than targeting specific populations</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_15YakJi">the measured difference of 8.84 scale score points on the TerraNova test was deemed meaningful in the context of expected yearly score increases</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">The effect size was smaller for students with above-median prior mathematics achievement, suggesting that high-performing students may not benefit as much from the intervention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">Limitations of the study included potential inequities in technology access, as all students in Maine received laptops, and the rural, homogeneous nature of the state, which may not reflect other regions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">Additionally, teachers had only one year to improve implementation quality before measuring impact, which could affect results</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The ASSISTments randomized controlled trial found that the online mathematics homework intervention significantly increased student achievement compared to a business-as-usual control group, with an effect size of Hedges's g = 0.17 <snippet id=S_LWLhNj8>. The intervention produced a difference of 8.84 scale score points on the TerraNova test, suggesting that students at the 50th percentile without the intervention would rise to the 58th percentile if they participated <snippet id=S_LWLhNj8,S_15YakJi>. Subgroup analyses showed the effect was particularly meaningful for students with lower prior mathematics achievement, while it was smaller for those with above-median performance <snippet id=S_LWLhNj8,S_15YakJi>. Limitations of the study included potential inequities in technology access and the rural, homogeneous nature of the Maine sample, alongside teachers having only one year to improve implementation quality <snippet id=S_15YakJi>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_SLIawNO">2024年5月22日，计算机科学与技术学院开展了转专业学生学习指导交流会</snippet>。该活动旨在帮助转专业学生更好地适应新的学习环境并快速进入学习状态。新闻标题为“教学活动”，发布在学院官网教学活动列表页。但提供的搜索结果中未包含“黄秋波”参与该活动的具体信息。
</answer>

<answer>
根据搜索结果，计算机科学与技术学院于2024年5月22日开展了转专业学生学习指导交流会，旨在为转专业学生提供全方位的支持与帮助<snippet id="S_SLIawNO">。但该搜索结果中并未提及具体星期几的信息，也未包含"黄秋波"这一人名。2024年5月22日在日历上对应星期三，但官方新闻正文中未明确标注星期几。其他搜索结果多为教师讲课竞赛、招生章程或会议通知等内容，与转专业学习指导会主题不符<snippet id="S_zkmtzkB,S_8MZvmeV,S_erChbsB">。
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_7tOUsGe">Multivariate geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is used to model correlated stock prices within portfolio selection frameworks, where each stock follows a GBM characterized by drift and volatility parameters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7tOUsGe">The correlation between two stock prices is defined through their associated Brownian motions, which satisfy a specific relationship involving their volatilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KiFCqE1">A multivariate geometric Brownian motion model applied to correlated assets uses a four-dimensional Brownian motion framework with stocks correlated through a parameter ρ</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KZxYbyK">This model is particularly useful in the context of credit derivatives and systemic risk factors, where each asset price follows a geometric Brownian motion influenced by a single systemic risk factor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pEqmVqw">For correlated prices, the covariance matrix S is used to characterize the second moment of the stochastic terms, with the correlations imposing the use of vector forms for all quantities of interest</snippet>. <snippet id="S_64Uz7Cw">The analysis extends multifractal features in asset returns to account for inter-asset correlations, using a multivariate Gaussian distribution framework with a covariance matrix that captures the correlations among different assets</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results confirm that correlated assets are commonly modeled as geometric Brownian motions where correlation between stock prices is defined through their associated Brownian motions with specific relationships involving volatilities <snippet id="S_7tOUsGe">. Multivariate GBM frameworks utilize covariance matrices (e.g., parameter ρ or matrix S) to characterize the second moment of stochastic terms between assets <snippet id="S_KiFCqE1, S_pEqmVqw">. Applications include portfolio selection, where copulas extend multivariate asset return modeling beyond linear associations in a GBM framework <snippet id="S_QZbFa3H">. Rainbow option pricing specifically benefits from multivariate subordination approaches that model dependencies among multiple assets <snippet id="S_xAkYJhD">. Alternative structures include hidden factor models where assets share risk factor exposures creating block correlation structures in the covariance matrix <snippet id="S_Ie5HjfJ">. However, none of these snippets directly reference the foundational exchange/basket option papers you identified (Margrabe 1978, Stulz 1982, Rogers & Shi 1995) that explicitly assume correlated GBMs for multivariate derivatives pricing <snippet id="S_KiFCqE1, S_7tOUsGe">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">The search results do not contain explicit papers combining both Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) and Wavelet Transform (WT) into a single image encryption framework</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vZFgvkB,S_9NjCFaY,S_7B15W2s,S_SJLQdsb,S_Jn9nNrE,S_V8vi7jl,S_JJVMewg,S_52zslIG,S_Bcsrar8">While individual FRFT-based encryption schemes exist, such as 2D-FRT with double random phase encoding, and wavelet-based encryption methods like DWT with Arnold cat map, none of the retrieved snippets explicitly combine both transforms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">The available results show that various wavelet transform-based encryption variants exist, including fractional wavelet transform, but these are typically used alone without FRFT integration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7B15W2s">One 2019 study proposed a double chaotic image encryption algorithm leveraging fractional Fourier transforms and the Henon map, achieving a large key space and robust encryption, but this does not include wavelet components</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JJVMewg">Some systems combine DRPE with FRFT to enhance security, but these are optical encryption methods without wavelet decomposition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bcsrar8">Optical coherence encryption with structured random light uses FRFT with a transfer function dependent on the order, but this is a standalone optical encryption technique</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">The search results do not provide evidence of combined FRFT-WT encryption schemes with robustness metrics like NPCR/UACI or PSNR/SSIM under noise/occlusion</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_9NjCFaY">Transform-based cryptography typically employs Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) and Wavelet Transform (WT) as distinct frequency domain techniques for image encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vZFgvkB,S_Bcsrar8">FRFT schemes, such as those using double random phase encoding, utilize fractional orders as encryption keys to expand key space and maintain reconstruction robustness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">In contrast, wavelet transform methods decompose images into approximate and high-frequency components for component-wise encryption, leveraging the frequency domain's sensitivity to security attacks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7B15W2s,S_Jn9nNrE">Security validation for these independent methods includes metrics like NPCR, UACI, and entropy, which demonstrate key sensitivity and statistical effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9NjCFaY">Survey results list FRFT and WT methods as distinct implementations by different researchers, indicating no single unified framework is detailed in these specific records</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">One variant noted is "fractional wavelet transform," which appears as a specific wavelet variant rather than a sequential FRFT-WT combination</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_XQzuPSB">Hydrothermal synthesis of LaFeO3 nanoparticles has been demonstrated for fluoride adsorption applications</snippet>, providing a wet-chemistry route for this perovskite oxide. <snippet id="S_tlQBcw3">The Pechini method is listed among the main approaches for making perovskite materials, including LaFeO3</snippet>, though specific synthesis details for this composition are not provided in the available snippets. <snippet id="S_vUCJhVv">Molten salt synthesis is an effective technique for producing high-purity, nanoscale inorganic oxides, including perovskite manganite oxides</snippet>, and can be applied to LaFeO3 with KNO3 and NaNO3-KNO3 mixtures as molten salts. <snippet id="S_J9hJ7Wm">Hydrothermal molten salt systems have been developed for materials synthesis, offering advances in flow chemistry and salt precipitation mechanisms</snippet>, which could be adapted for LaFeO3 production. <snippet id="S_OI4xYmP">Co-precipitation and molten salt synthesis are recognized as key strategies in perovskite synthesis</snippet>, though specific LaFeO3 examples require further verification. The available snippets do not contain explicit examples for LaFeO3 using solution combustion or thin-film routes like PLD/sputtering.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results explicitly document hydrothermal synthesis for LaFeO3 nanoparticles in adsorbent studies <snippet id=S_XQzuPSB>. Evidence for molten salt synthesis in the provided snippets is limited to lanthanum manganite oxides such as La0.72MnO3 <snippet id=S_vUCJhVv>, rather than lanthanum ferrites. Pechini's method is mentioned specifically for bismuth ferrite-based systems <snippet id=S_tlQBcw3>, with no LaFeO3 examples found in these excerpts. General research on hydrothermal molten salt solvent systems is present <snippet id=S_mmsH4s4,S_FoTouTd>, including a 2020 publication <snippet id=S_J9hJ7Wm>, though they do not specify LaFeO3 production.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="1">The search results do not contain information about a new site school in Busia County led by Otuoma Ojaamong, Ababu Namwamba, or any notable local figure</snippet>. <snippet id="2">No credible sources from The Star, Nation Africa, People Daily, Standard Media, or KBC were found reporting on this specific school relocation</snippet>. <snippet id="3>The search query did not yield any results matching the agent's expectations for this community education story</snippet>. <snippet id="4>Further search with different keywords or alternative sources may be needed to find this information</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet>No search results or snippets were provided in the raw tool output to answer the query about a new site school in Busia County.</snippet>

The search for information about a new school opened in Busia County, potentially relocated and led by figures like Otuoma, Ojaamong, or Ababu Namwamba, did not yield any available search snippets from which to construct a factual answer. The query returned results but no actual content snippets were included in the tool output for me to cite. Without the actual search snippets, I cannot verify claims about specific school openings, leadership, or relocations in Busia County.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_LZWmaFL,S_qjbaoSP,S_4gHt6EX,S_2bCrJVx">Prophylactic steroids are not recommended for managing interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vr28v1M,S_qjbaoSP">Instead, guidelines recommend systemic steroids to be started promptly upon diagnosis of grade 2 or higher ILD, with the drug permanently discontinued</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LZWmaFL">The DESTINY-Breast01 trial excluded patients with a history of noninfectious interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis requiring glucocorticoids</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qjbaoSP">For grade 1 ILD, the next dose of trastuzumab deruxtecan should be held and systemic steroids initiated</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2bCrJVx">Management guidelines for ILD or pneumonitis recommend proactive monitoring and immediate treatment upon early symptom detection, with specific protocols for dose reduction or discontinuation based on severity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Gy87CZ9">While corticosteroids are typically used to manage T-DXd-induced ILD/pneumonitis, the specific approach is not for prophylaxis</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_LZWmaFL,S_qjbaoSP,S_4gHt6EX">Prophylactic corticosteroids are not recommended for preventing interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis in patients receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4gHt6EX">This recommendation holds despite the drug being associated with higher rates of ILD compared to other HER2-directed therapies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qjbaoSP,S_2bCrJVx">Clinical guidelines instead emphasize proactive monitoring and immediate systemic steroid initiation only upon suspected ILD symptoms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vr28v1M,S_qjbaoSP">Treatment protocols require permanent discontinuation and prompt steroids for grade 2 or higher ILD events</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_TujVIVI">Cycling biomechanics show that the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are activated primarily during the downstroke, facilitating force transfer from the thigh to the pedal</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_TujVIVI">some plantar flexors activating only during the downstroke while the gastrocnemius lateralis is active in both down and upstrokes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_96F5rT4">Optimal control simulations of pedaling using OpenSim provide insights into calf muscle activation and related factors such as saddle height, ankle plantarflexion, and cleat position</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QwBkuzA">Cycling biomechanics are influenced by various extrinsic factors, including saddle height, cadence, and power output, which affect knee kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KD3rWNZ">An optimal saddle height, defined as achieving 25-30° of knee flexion at the bottom dead center, increased tibiofemoral anterior shear forces compared to lower heights</snippet>. <snippet id="S_q7ZcwXc">Cadence significantly affects cycling energetics, with a trend of increased metabolic cost at higher cadences, except at low cadences (<60 rpm)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TujVIVI">Efficient muscle coordination is essential for effective force generation, with mono-articular muscles primarily responsible for propulsion and bi-articular muscles assisting in force direction and joint moment redistribution</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Cycling biomechanics research shows the triceps surae muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) are activated primarily during the downstroke, facilitating force transfer from thigh to pedal, with significant plantarflexion occurring in the second crank quadrant <snippet id="S_TujVIVI">. Higher saddle heights are associated with increased tibiofemoral anterior shear forces, while an optimal height of 25-30° knee flexion at bottom dead center is associated with improved force effectiveness in competitive cyclists <snippet id="S_QwBkuzA, S_KD3rWNZ">. Cadence influences cycling energetics with most studies reporting the ankle joint's contribution to external power remains largely consistent across different cadences, though one study noted increased ankle contribution at higher cadences <snippet id="S_q7ZcwXc">. Muscle coordination studies indicate that reducing gastrocnemius activation while increasing soleus activation can modify joint loading, as the soleus can plantarflex the ankle without affecting the knee joint <snippet id="S_cKfjwS7, S_4cqDLHZ">. An EMG study on stationary cycling recorded gastrocnemius and soleus activation patterns to examine how saddle height, ankle plantarflexion, and cleat position affect cycling biomechanics <snippet id="S_96F5rT4">. The review of extrinsic factors mentions foot position affects knee forces but notes the relationship between cycling parameters and injury risk remains unclear without longitudinal comparisons <snippet id="S_QwBkuzA">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Sophia Myles portrays Freya in the 2008 film Outlander</snippet>, and <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Freya is presented as the daughter of King Rothgar (also rendered Hrothgar in some sources)</snippet>. <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">She becomes attracted to the alien warrior Kainan and gives him a family sword</snippet>, and <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Rothgar is killed during the attacks, with Wulfric later transferring kingship to Kainan</snippet>. <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Kainan marries Freya and becomes king</snippet>, and <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">she narrates the film's epilogue</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Sophia Myles is credited as Freya in the 2008 film *Outlander* <snippet id="58776,72769">. The character is defined as the daughter of King Rothgar, although some sources spell the king's name as Hrothgar <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">. Freya gives a family sword to the alien warrior Kainan and eventually marries him after he assumes the throne <snippet id="72769,74434">. King Rothgar is killed during attacks in the story, leading to Kainan becoming king <snippet id="58776,74434">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_SiYH1ic">Recent benchmarks utilize the Therapeutics Data Commons (TDC) to evaluate 22 ADMET tasks, with the Polaris benchmark addressing dataset concerns for ADME and Drug-Target Interaction (DTI) studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iBr1RTs">ADMET-AI is a machine learning platform trained on 41 datasets from the Therapeutics Data Commons, outperforming existing tools in both speed and accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4mpMq2k">admetSAR3.0 is an advanced platform for ADMET property prediction and optimization, with comprehensive coverage of endpoints vital for medicinal chemists</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ifnyOGi">ADMETlab 3.0 incorporates a multi-task DMPNN architecture coupled with molecular descriptors, achieving superior performance in terms of accuracy and robustness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_71BVq9Q">QSAR is a key method in computer-aided drug design, increasingly integrated with artificial intelligence for drug discovery, including generative chemistry and multi-property optimization</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gcSjmtD">Approximately 90% of drug failures are attributed to poor pharmacokinetic profiles, making early evaluation of ADMET properties through in silico predictions crucial</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ifnyOGi,S_4mpMq2k,S_TOOnpk9">Updated platforms such as ADMETlab 3.0 and admetSAR3.0 have expanded their coverage to over 400,000 entries and 119 features, utilizing multi-task DMPNN and contrastive learning architectures to ensure improved prediction performance and robustness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iBr1RTs">The Therapeutics Data Commons (TDC) serves as a central benchmark source, with tools like ADMET-AI trained on 41 datasets to facilitate rapid evaluation of large-scale chemical libraries</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SiYH1ic,S_71BVq9Q">Comparative analyses using benchmarks like MoleculeNet and Polaris indicate that Graph Convolutional Neural Networks do not significantly enhance predictive performance compared to classical QSAR fingerprints in certain contexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gcSjmtD">Despite these advancements, approximately 90% of drug failures are attributed to poor pharmacokinetic profiles, underscoring the critical role of in silico ADMET prediction tools in early development</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">Systematic reviews of flipped classrooms in nursing education indicate that two studies reported enhanced learning motivation among nursing students</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">flipped classroom approaches improving cooperative spirit and teamwork, which increased their interest to engage in learning</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hMuAlRi">A quasi-experimental study found that a flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student's learning motivation and contributed to better learning outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4C2i84u">A mixed-methods study using a modified questionnaire assessed deeper learning engagement, strategies, and motivation, with post-course responses indicating significantly higher engagement levels (P < 0.0001) in the flipped classroom compared to traditional non-flipped classes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DdERPV5">Another quasi-experimental study demonstrated that the flipped classroom model provided opportunities for students to strengthen their self-directed learning capabilities, improved students' learning motivation, and to be a team player</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">the available evidence does not include explicit use of validated scales like MSLQ or IMI for measuring motivation and engagement</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_hMuAlRi">the study used the Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students but did not explicitly measure motivation with a validated instrument</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">A systematic review found that flipped classroom pedagogy enhanced learning motivation among nursing students, with two studies specifically reporting this outcome</snippet>, and it was recognized as an active learning method that enhanced learning engagement. <snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">Flipped classroom approaches also improved cooperative spirit and teamwork, which increased nursing students' interest to engage in learning</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hMuAlRi">A quasi-experimental study concluded that a flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student's learning motivation in an adult-health nursing course</snippet>, though it used a self-designed learning satisfaction questionnaire rather than validated motivation scales. <snippet id="S_4C2i84u">Evaluating nursing students' engagement in an online flipped virtual classroom, a study found significantly higher engagement levels (P < 0.0001) in the flipped classroom compared to traditional non-flipped classes</snippet>, using a modified questionnaire that assessed deeper learning engagement strategies and motivation. <snippet id="S_DdERPV5">Another mixed-methods study reported that an online digital audio-visual flipped classroom enhanced students' learning motivation and strengthened self-directed learning capabilities</snippet>. These studies provide evidence of motivation and engagement benefits but mostly lack validated instruments like MSLQ or IMI that the agent is seeking.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_M1xN8mo,S_wXEfoqp,S_eZn7gxg">A transpiler, or source-to-source compiler, is a translator that converts code from one programming language to another at the same level of abstraction, preserving the original program's structure and semantics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_k73yUWS">In contrast, a traditional compiler translates high-level source code into low-level machine code, often involving optimization and changes in abstraction levels</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp">The key difference lies in the level of abstraction maintained: transpilers focus on transforming code without altering its high-level semantics, while compilers may change the semantics to optimize performance or adapt to hardware specifics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4bXgkV6">Transpilers were essential to the rapid adoption of ES2015 by the JavaScript developer community, enabling production use of new features prior to completion of the standard</snippet>. <snippet id="S_887n0SH">However, some transpilers do not make any code optimization, they are usually generic, and try to create code to run in any platform</snippet>. <snippet id="S_43AdDCn">While rule-based transpilers exist for certain language pairs, creating comprehensive systems for arbitrary languages remains difficult due to the vast number of translation rules required</snippet>.
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A transpiler, also known as a source-to-source compiler, translates code from one programming language to another while preserving the original code's structure and semantics <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_eZn7gxg,S_k73yUWS,S_zDcUgxx">. In contrast, a traditional compiler translates high-level source code into lower-level machine code or bytecode, often involving changes in abstraction levels <snippet id="S_M1xN8mo,S_wXEfoqp,S_43AdDCn,S_zDcUgxx">. The key distinction lies in the level of abstraction maintained: transpilers focus on transforming code between similar abstraction levels (e.g., TypeScript to JavaScript), while compilers may alter semantics to optimize performance or adapt to hardware specifics <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_k73yUWS">. While traditional compilers typically include optimizations like register allocation and target-dependent code generation, many transpilers are generic and do not perform code optimization <snippet id="S_887n0SH">. Transpilers historically enabled platform porting and are now commonly used for newer languages like CoffeeScript, TypeScript, and Dart that convert to established targets like JavaScript <snippet id="S_M1xN8mo,S_4bXgkV6">.
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<snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been studied for cocaine dependence with six human trials involving 188 participants, though a double-blind placebo trial yielded mainly negative outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2wIgMDs">A systematic review of nine studies analyzing 165 patients found NAC may be more effective for relapse prevention in individuals who are already abstinent from cocaine</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNeToiq">One randomized crossover study investigated NAC effects on brain glutamate levels in cocaine-dependent patients after a single dose, but the effect on craving symptoms was not directly measured in this study</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xkVmiob">While NAC has shown promise in reducing cocaine craving and relapse in both animal models and early clinical studies, the available evidence does not provide strong support for an "instant" anti-craving effect</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FCE8VAT">Current evidence suggests NAC may be more effective for relapse prevention in abstinent individuals rather than for acute craving reduction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sML4Rp">Most studies have tested NAC as an adjunctive therapy rather than a standalone treatment, highlighting the need for more robust clinical trials to confirm its effectiveness across various psychiatric conditions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm,S_2wIgMDs">Systematic reviews indicate NAC may reduce craving in cocaine dependence, but results from clinical trials are mixed, with one large double-blind placebo-controlled trial finding NAC failed to affect abstinence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNeToiq">A single 2400mg dose of NAC normalized elevated glutamate levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of cocaine-dependent patients within a randomized crossover study, suggesting acute neurobiological effects</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_xGhAX2g,S_7sML4Rp">current evidence suggests NAC is more effective for relapse prevention in individuals already abstinent from cocaine rather than producing immediate anti-craving effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xkVmiob">Animal studies show NAC reduces cue-induced relapse following chronic exposure, but human data on acute, single-dose craving reduction remain limited</snippet>. For alcohol, <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">none of the available snippets report human trials on acute NAC dosing for alcohol craving, with the review noting only 2 studies on nicotine and no specific alcohol craving onset data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xGhAX2g">A meta-analysis indicated NAC significantly reduces craving in substance use disorders overall, but the studies had heterogeneous methodologies and did not specifically establish acute onset timing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_vJYKp1p">The search results do not contain information about the computational complexity of computing weight distributions for linear or cyclic codes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GqwLLiT">While the snippets discuss the significance of complete weight enumerators for linear codes and their applications, they do not mention computational hardness or #P-hardness results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_OSfLJSq">The results focus on the definition and importance of weight distribution in coding theory but do not address algorithmic complexity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FWkVBMb">The snippets describe weight distribution studies for cyclic codes but do not include complexity analysis or hardness results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ka59DkP">The available snippets do not provide evidence that weight distribution computation is #P-hard for cyclic codes or linear codes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ShSKJoO">The results discuss weight enumerators for specific code families but do not mention computational complexity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JTNMdkx">The search results do not contain information about the #P-hardness of weight enumerator computation for general linear codes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cHZjnSw">The snippets do not include any statements about polynomial-time algorithms or hardness results for weight distribution</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_vJYKp1p>The weight distribution is crucial for evaluating error-detection and correction capabilities, and its study for cyclic codes presents complex challenges</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ka59DkP, S_FWkVBMb>Most existing results focus on specific families, such as cyclic codes with few weights or a limited number of defining zeros, where distributions are determined using specialized methods</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FWkVBMb>General computation is constrained by the fact that most prior results were limited to codes with no more than three zeros</snippet>. <snippet id=S_GqwLLiT>Evaluating weight enumerators involves significant challenges with limited literature available for the general case compared to specific constructions</snippet>. <snippet id=S_vJYKp1p>Consequently, the research landscape indicates that determining weight enumerators remains a significant area of study primarily for special families rather than a general polynomial-time solution for all cyclic codes</snippet>.
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