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<snippet id="S_gnrEepM">For LC–MS targeted quantification of therapeutic proteins, using two stable signature peptides (SPs) is emphasized for reliability, with protein-level and hybrid calibrations achieving good accuracy (error < 10%) and consistent results between SPs (deviations < 15%)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kjDg3lX">Bottom-up LC–MS/MS assays for monoclonal antibodies typically utilize surrogate peptides from Fab or Fc regions, with concentrations determined using multiple reaction monitoring transitions for two unique surrogate peptides relative to standards</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BFG6czq">For antibody-drug conjugates, two peptides from the tryptic digest containing a portion of the CDR were identified and used as signature peptides, with one serving as the quantitative peptide and the other as the qualitative peptide</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1t8pQcf">The surrogate peptide method is a prevalent approach for quantifying total antibodies in pharmacokinetic assessments, with stable isotopically labeled internal standards (SIL-IS) often used to enhance quantification accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XWxG38W">Database-optimized methods for human drug disposition-related proteins use a minimum of three light and two heavy peptide fragments, enhancing reproducibility and ensuring peptide identity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gnrEepM">Hybrid methods were identified as cost-effective for accurate quantification without requiring expensive SIL-proteins, though extended-peptide calibration still lacked acceptable accuracy compared to protein-level calibrations</snippet>.
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Current evidence suggests that using two signature peptides is recommended over a single peptide for reliable mAb quantification in serum. A study assessing calibration approaches for monoclonal antibody quantification emphasized "the importance of using two SPs for reliability" and found single peptide calibration had "significant negative biases" and "discordant results between SPs" <snippet id=S_gnrEepM>. Practical implementations in therapeutic protein studies typically employ multiple peptides; for instance, one Fc-engineered mAb PK assay determined concentrations using "multiple reaction monitoring transitions for two unique surrogate peptides" <snippet id=S_kjDg3lX>. Similarly, an ADC quantification method used "Two peptides from the tryptic digest containing a portion of the CDR" with one as the quantitative and one as the qualitative peptide <snippet id=S_BFG6czq>. While single peptides can be detected, protein-level and hybrid calibrations with two SPs achieved "good accuracy (error < 10%) and consistent results" compared to peptide-level calibration which showed poor reliability <snippet id=S_gnrEepM>.
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<snippet id="S_SvIkmlU,S_rtPxhtT">Umbrella reviews indicate that resistance training time of day does not significantly affect increases in muscle strength or hypertrophy, with both morning and evening training yielding similar results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">However, one review notes that hypertrophy adaptations were similar regardless of training time, though more research is needed to verify if differences exist between morning versus evening hours</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JKFS2Wu">A 24-week study suggested that evening resistance training resulted in a larger muscle cross-sectional area in men, though Sedliak et al. observed similar trends that were statistically insignificant</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HhyT8Rz">Research indicates that the time of day for strength training can influence performance based on an individual's chronotype, with morning training reducing diurnal variation and evening training enhancing it</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gRYJWoz">Findings show sex-specific effects, with morning exercise in women enhancing abdominal fat loss and lower body muscle power, while evening exercise in men greatly increases upper body muscle strength and power</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU,S_rtPxhtT">Overall, the evidence suggests personal preference should guide training timing, with future studies needing to assess individual responses based on chronotype and habitual sleep cycles</snippet>.
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Umbrella reviews indicate that increases in muscle strength and mass do not significantly differ between morning and evening resistance training <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT,S_SvIkmlU>. Acute performance metrics typically peak around 6:00 p.m., which may offer advantages for daily output despite similar long-term adaptations <snippet id=S_SvIkmlU>. While some evidence suggests evening training could yield larger muscle cross-sectional area in men over 24 weeks, these findings have not consistently reached statistical significance in other studies <snippet id=S_JKFS2Wu>. Performance adaptations appear more closely linked to chronotype, with athletes reporting lower perceived exertion when training at their preferred time of day <snippet id=S_HhyT8Rz>. Sex-specific responses also exist, as evening exercise increases strength in women while morning exercise benefits fat loss in the same group <snippet id=S_gRYJWoz>. Therefore, experts recommend selecting training times based on personal preference to maximize adherence given the lack of clear superiority between schedules <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT>.
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<snippet id="S_krnNJsl">Digital health equity training is recognized as essential for healthcare professionals, with the Association of American Medical Colleges reporting that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula</snippet>, reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">However, health providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity as well as the cultural humility to understand how their patients and communities may experience or interact with technology</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Disadvantaged groups often face poorer health outcomes and lack the resources necessary for effective telemedicine use, such as broadband internet access and digital literacy</snippet>, highlighting the digital divide that training must address. <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though a framework using the Four P's (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation) was developed to identify, develop, and evaluate telehealth competencies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles, with ongoing professional development and mentoring needed to maintain skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">The emerging role of digital navigators requires specific competencies in digital health, with proposed training and certification processes aiming to equip these navigators with necessary skills to support clinical teams effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ChDg9cS">Training healthcare providers to understand the social determinants of health is essential for tailoring telemedicine services to meet the specific needs of patients, thereby enhancing the overall impact of telehealth initiatives</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) can be applied to cotton seeds at five different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg-1 seed) in a greenhouse experiment</snippet>, where the application <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">optimal efficacy occurring at 30°C during the day and 20°C at night</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications are typically employed starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Split dose applications at 34, 47, and 62 days after emergence have been evaluated in field conditions</snippet>, where increasing MC doses caused decreasing plant height, nodes, and branching. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Leaf area growth rate, total node number, and plant height decrease linearly with increasing MC concentrations from 0 to 30 µg g-1</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">deviations from optimal temperatures can impair the plant's response to MC, making effects less significant</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">The novel weaves sixteen interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Central themes include trauma, sacrifice, and unmet expectations as mothers relay immigrant trauma and daughters struggle with American identity and rebellion</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">The narrative explores cultural and generational conflict through stories of Chinese tradition, silence, and fate versus American individualism</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Resolution comes through empathy and communication, with daughters recognizing their mothers' intentions and shared histories</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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The provided search results do not contain specific scRNA-seq data on ketamine-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse prefrontal cortex or hippocampus <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_KNwlTux">These studies describe general snRNA-seq/scRNA-seq technologies and their applications to brain tissues but do not report ketamine treatment effects</snippet>. One study discusses WNT signaling effects on cortical neuronal spine maturation in Tbr1 mutants, which has implications for understanding ketamine effects on prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but does not specifically address ketamine drug administration <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">The study focuses on the impact of WNT signaling on cortical neuronal spine maturation and synaptogenesis in Tbr1 mutants</snippet>. Another study sequenced ~80,000 nuclear transcriptomes from prefrontal cortex in MDD cases and controls, identifying DEGs in OPCs and deep layer excitatory neurons, but this examines depression pathology rather than antidepressant responses <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">We sequenced ~80,000 nuclear transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex of MDD cases and psychiatrically healthy controls and identified cell-type-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs)</snippet>. Current literature appears to be limited in publicly available datasets specifically profiling ketamine effects on PFC/hippocampus cell types using sc/snRNA-seq <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">The study utilized high-throughput single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to analyze cell type composition in the adult mouse brain, focusing on 92 anatomical locations from 55 mice</snippet>. The search results instead provide methodological comparisons between scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, general psychiatric disorder cell atlases, and other disease contexts like Parkinson's or brain tumors <snippet id="S_qnEFPDZ">The study aimed to identify and characterize cell types in the adult mouse primary motor cortex using an integrated approach involving single-cell and single-nucleus sequencing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">The Netherlands has implemented supportive policies for adaptive heritage reuse since 2010, including the 'crisis and recovery act' which allows temporary use of buildings and integrates cultural history into land use plans</snippet>, with a national adaptive reuse program initiated through the central government's 'heritage counts' 2018−21 policy program <snippet id="S_vKl66cs">. </snippet> <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">A study analyzing 53 adaptive reuse cases since 2014 found a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages while preserving cultural values</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4,S_0hvikSw">The Dutch circular economy programme aims for a fully circular economy by 2050, with a target of 50% circularity in the building sector by 2030, where adaptive reuse reduces raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">Supportive governance structures include a shift from direct state investment to facilitation of public-private partnerships, with 52% of financial instruments relying on public funding and 24 utilizing mixed funding</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between preserving cultural values and perceived circularity performance, with only 65% of cases reporting public engagement during early stages of reuse projects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable Dutch cases include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices, showcasing functionalist architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">Adaptive reuse is widely recognized as a driver for circularity by helping to reduce raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and environmental costs while curbing air pollutants and carbon emissions</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied to blended teaching methodologies with a cohort of 75 undergraduate students enrolled in an IT in Business course, where motivational factors including attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction were addressed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">Before, during, and after treatment surveys based on the original Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions were conducted to determine the effectiveness of blended teaching methodologies on students' motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The study found that BTM based on ARCS models enhanced and/or sustained students' motivation and kept the subject interesting in an online environment, ultimately improving learning</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">blended learning smoking cessation intervention significantly enhanced nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>, <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">a study of 164 senior nursing students focused on nurses' knowledge of motivation</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners, thus enhancing nursing competencies effectively</snippet>, but none of these snippets specifically report using IMMS/CIS subscales (Attention/Interest) in nursing or health professions. <snippet id="S_tpeYzYE">The German RIPLS version was administered in two online-surveys to health care students and professionals</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_lC2vafv">a blended-learning format with online teaching materials and conversation guides was used for interprofessional error communication training</snippet>, but these do not address the ARCS-based motivation measurement the agent is seeking.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented to capture semantic relationships within electronic health record (EHR) datasets, such as the MIMIC III dataset, using tools like GraphDB and ontology mapping</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">This implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 seconds, demonstrating the practicality of knowledge graph access over clinical data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph has the potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The approach involves creating an ontology using OWL in Protege, with an RDF mapping procedure to convert the data to the ontology format</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">The system enables SPARQL queries to retrieve and analyze information from the knowledge graph, supporting patient outcome analysis and risk factor identification</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems have been proposed to utilize non-used information buried in routine clinical practice</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not specifically detail virtual knowledge graph (OBDA/R2RML) approaches or semantic data dictionary frameworks for medical measurements.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium-ion batteries typically involves leaching as the first step, which transfers over 99% of metals to solution, followed by precipitation as the most commonly used extraction method for metals like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">For lithium recovery specifically, solvent extraction is widely used to selectively remove targeted metals such as cobalt and lithium using immiscible organic extractants</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods can reduce overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 30% when precipitation is used without selectivity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Precipitation of lithium from pregnant leach liquors can be achieved using sodium carbonate as the state-of-the-art agent, with process parameters like temperature and stoichiometric factor influencing efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange and nanofiltration technologies can also be employed to recover lithium from battery leachates, with NF helping to concentrate brine and reduce acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Recent research explores tailored nanosorbents like lithium manganese oxide nanotubes that exhibit excellent stability and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">However, precipitation of other metals can result in co-precipitation of lithium, causing total lithium losses up to 30%, making selective methods important for high-purity recovery</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, which converts to about 4.5 to 6.8 liters. <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">Britannica states blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram, equivalent to approximately 6.7 liters for a man weighing 86 kg</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>, with females and males having approximately the same blood percentage by weight. <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">A 154-pound person has about 12 pints (5.5 liters) of blood</snippet>.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn bcc derived I-43m tetrahedral sites have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell, with interstitial fraction (IF) ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</snippet>, confirming that tetrahedral displacement is integral to this cubic bcc-derived structure. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular, with both octahedral and tetrahedral bcc interstices exhibiting tetragonal symmetry</snippet>, which reduces the overall symmetry compared to ideal BCC (Im-3m). <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn in As is more stable than Mn in other interstitial sites by 0.16-0.31 eV for charge states q=1,2,3</snippet>, demonstrating that tetrahedral occupancy is energetically favorable in many bcc systems. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral sites in related structures like InP are 1.2 eV higher than quasi-hexagonal sites</snippet>, showing that tetrahedral stability depends on the host lattice and dopant size. These findings support that alpha-Mn (cI58, I-43m) is a bcc-derived cubic phase where tetrahedral interstitials lower symmetry from cubic to tetragonal, consistent with the agent's goal of identifying near-BCC structures with tetrahedral-site features.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD trial enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 into a 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab arm or placebo arm</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_p20O8Yh">the primary endpoint being the change from baseline on the CDR-SB at 18 months</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Lecanemab significantly slowed CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_i9d1QdD">a between-group difference of −0.45 CDR points (95% CI −0.67 to −0.23, p < 0.001)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">The most common AEs were infusion reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (16.9% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%) in the lecanemab versus placebo groups</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed ARIA incidence varied by APOE ε4 status, with homozygotes having 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E incidence</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele had the lowest incidence of ARIA-H (11.9%) and ARIA-E (5.4%)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ipB4qty">Isolated symptomatic ARIA-H was 0.7% in lecanemab versus 0.2% in placebo, and symptomatic ARIA-E was 2.8% versus 0%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">Other secondary endpoints included ADAS-Cog14 (difference −1.44, 95% CI −2.27 to −0.61, p < 0.001) and ADCOMS (difference −0.05, 95% CI −0.074 to −0.027, p < 0.001)</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection, with 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) recruited to explore study strategies on long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) conducted a meta-analysis of interleaving effect with robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42)</snippet>, identifying moderators such as retention interval length, material characteristics, and successive versus simultaneous presentation. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions, with the difference greatest during initial blocks for short-term retention and middle blocks for long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, though students often perceive it as more difficult</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">traditional learning methods in medical education do not ensure long-term retention, while expanded-retrieval platforms utilizing interleaving have shown potential to greatly benefit knowledge acquisition and retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_avfxf73">Interleaving increases the likelihood of mastery and memory by forcing the brain to reconcile relationships between related but different areas of study</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa,S_R0Q0yol">Exosomal biomarkers including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins have been identified for CRC metastasis diagnosis with varying AUC values, where serum exosomal CEA achieved an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, and a plasma exosomal miRNA panel achieved 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes identified glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 as diagnostic biomarkers with AUC values of 0.871 and 0.834 respectively, both higher than conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b was significantly down-regulated in CRC patients compared to adenomas and controls, with a higher AUC of 0.830 achieved in differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplastic individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Elevated exosomal miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a levels show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC with high expression indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in CRC patient serum and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC plasma compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Despite promising biomarker candidates, circulating exosomal markers in serum have yet to be developed for the detection of CRC, and current screening tests are deemed inadequate with major obstacles including false positive/negative results and expensive molecular testing</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_XrGnjYs,S_DuAkisQ">The Microservice Communication Model categorizes protocols into four groups: REST, gRPC, GraphQL, and pub/sub, with gRPC highlighted as the most comprehensive protocol particularly effective for standardizing service communications across different technologies and programming languages using protocol buffers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">gRPC could become dominant in the future thanks to the adoption of the HTTP/2 protocol and to the use of Protobuf as the payload format</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">A study using DeathStarBench measures latency for 20 requests per second over 250 seconds, breaking it down into in-application and network processing times</snippet>, with results indicating that <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency</snippet> and <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC by 1.7× and 1.6×, in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC achieves performance comparable to gRPC after switching to using protobuf + HTTP/2, with mRPC still performing 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The paper discusses the performance and energy consumption of various communication protocols in a microservices architecture for an Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) platform, evaluating gRPC as having lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. However, the available snippets do not contain comprehensive quantitative energy efficiency comparisons across multiple 2020–2025 peer-reviewed papers with RAPL or power meter data for microservices communication protocols.
</answer>

<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, using the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable and employing 2SLS to address potential endogeneity</snippet>, but it uses population density as a control variable rather than historical population as an instrumental variable for bus counts. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study uses instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990 to address endogeneity in urbanization-CO2 emissions relationships</snippet>, but this instruments urbanization, not bus supply, and uses current density rather than historical population. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A different 2SLS study uses the number of post offices in 1984 as an instrumental variable for digital technology innovation</snippet>, which is unrelated to public bus fleet size. None of the returned snippets provide explicit evidence that researchers have used historical population as an instrumental variable specifically for the number of buses or bus fleet at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework. The search results show population-based instruments in transport contexts, but not the specific historical population instrumenting for bus counts that the agent is seeking.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that if X follows a continuous distribution with CDF F, then U = F(X) follows a uniform distribution on [0,1] under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">This transformation maps the original observation to the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">The PIT is applicable when the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the target distribution is tractable, and if the CDF or PDF of the distribution is defined, the PIT values will be continuous and uniformly distributed if the null hypothesis holds</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">This process is also known as the inverse probability integral transform or Smirnov transform, where U = F(X) with U being a uniform (0,1) random variable allows derivation of random deviates from the desired distribution F</snippet>. <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">This framework enables hypothesis testing for continuous distributions by dividing the interval [0,1] into subintervals and applying phi-divergence statistics based on the empirical distribution function</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>, with remote sensing satellites leveraging their extensive coverage to broadcast cached sensor data <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">while active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables vehicles to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to cache required data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ajCseb7">SAGIN integrates multi-tier computing resources with UAVs at the aerial network layer to assist in communication, computing, and caching for ground networks</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs equipped with cache storage can proactively store and distribute frequently requested content to terrestrial users, minimizing redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_F19Wt1q">SAGIN allows flexible resource deployment through UAVs and satellites that can adjust their positions and configurations to optimize service delivery based on user needs</snippet>, enabling reliable communication even in scenarios where ground connectivity is compromised <snippet id="S_F19Wt1q">. However, challenges remain including energy limitations for satellites and UAVs, which pose constraints for high-energy applications like deep learning</snippet> <snippet id="S_SsNXzNl">. Optimization algorithms such as deep learning-based resource allocation are being developed to address these energy and real-time requirements</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu, S_FSPtLIL">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protection in high-temperature applications, with the NiCr matrix providing corrosion resistance and the carbide ceramic phase providing wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings on stainless steel exhibit low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good adhesion strength, with optimal wear resistance at 500°C achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings show improved erosion-corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics and fine-grain structure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Research has investigated load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">Erosion-corrosion protection studies have been conducted on stainless steel using Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings</snippet>. However, the available literature focuses on general industrial applications rather than specific downhole oilfield conditions with CO2/H2S brine or tribo-erosion-corrosion data.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications</snippet>, <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">OFDMA divides the available spectrum into orthogonal sub-carriers and allocates these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_fg0OhCM">The LTE radio access network is managed by eNodeBs, which facilitate communication between mobile phones (UE) and the network core</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">uplink and downlink traffic typically separated using Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), employing distinct RF carriers for each direction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA is an adaptation of the OFDM modulation technique for multiple access</snippet>, allowing data to be transmitted as parallel sub-streams instead of a single stream, <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">while SC-FDMA is the pre-DFT encoded version of FDMA</snippet> that eliminates costly time-domain equalization for channels with long temporal dispersions like wireless. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">In a standard LTE, the radio access is mainly dependent on the Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in uplink and downlink, respectively</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">the radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB)</snippet> and <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">each TTI contains two 0.5 ms slots, and each slot has 7 symbols</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet>, supporting operators like addition, multiplication, and comparison over encrypted values. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Conceptual studies show that FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND, and XOR on ciphertexts can process complex selection, range, join, or aggregation queries on encrypted data in the cloud</snippet>, returning encrypted matching answers in a result buffer. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB demonstrate fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that yield results matching plaintext operations</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">order-preserving encryption (OPE) supports SQL range queries but exposes private information</snippet>, making FHE necessary for privacy-preserving database queries in cloud environments. However, <snippet id="S_YCCuRuG">FHE's practical use is limited due to high resource demands</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">current performance discourages practical implementation of such systems</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, with spin diffusion length of 2.1 ± 0.5 nm, which enables strong spin-orbit torque switching</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">the spin Hall conductivity of conductive α-W is approximately 3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, making it a potential candidate for low-power consumption spin-orbit torque memory applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">β-W/CoFeB heterostructures demonstrate sub-nanosecond switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², achieving energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jDO7JZm, S_6TGIQVx, S_pqGG8fi">Research on W/CoFeB/MgO multilayers confirms the correlation between spin Hall magnetoresistance and spin-orbit torque, with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy established in the structure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">Optimized β-W/CoFeB heterostructures with W–Ta or W–V alloy layers between β-W and CoFeB can boost torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40% compared to pristine structures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5BbdHRk">Co2MnGa magnetic Weyl semimetal thin films show SOT-induced magnetization switching with spin Hall efficiency of -7.8%, demonstrating the potential of magnetic WSMs in spintronic devices</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs, MAOIs, and tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_nregWI1">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s,S_R8cplWP">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4,S_R8cplWP">exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis allows the gut microbiota to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible to direct manipulation</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC,S_R8cplWP">metabolic pathways including PPARα and AMPK are targeted by antidepressants and exercise, with both ketamine and physical exercise increasing AMPK activity to enhance BDNF signaling</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine can also promote neurogenesis, with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway identified as a crucial regulator</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">the effect of antidepressants and dietary interventions in adolescence remains to be fully understood</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_WDAActN">novel neuroimaging tools are needed to measure hippocampal neurogenesis in living humans</snippet> to bridge the translational gap.
</answer>

<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft uses the file mml2omml.xsl as an XSLT stylesheet to convert MathML to OMML in Word</snippet>, which is confirmed in user discussions about importing MathML into Word 2013. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq, S_iBtRRBw">The reverse conversion is handled by OMML2MML.XSL, which is included with Microsoft Word to transform OMML to MathML</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">The omml2mathml utility on npm is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">Users have also reported using and redistributing omml2mml.xsl from MS Office, though legal redistribution concerns have been discussed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's Math in Office documentation provides mappings between MathML and OMML elements</snippet>. The search results do not contain official Microsoft documentation specifically stating mml2omml.xsl is shipped with Office; the evidence is primarily from user discussions and third-party utilities.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Coughlin et al. (2012) finding that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet> and <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Bierbaum et al. (2005) noting that children often misbehave during challenging tasks, suggesting teachers should emphasize their similarities to peers</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">the available evidence focuses primarily on self-control and behavior management rather than explicit self-understanding outcomes</snippet>. Other interventions mentioned include <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">tape-recorded self-instruction cues that improved problem accuracy and estimation of problem-solving capability</snippet> and <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">individual self-monitoring checklists with reminder statements that enhanced mathematical performance</snippet>. While these studies demonstrate self-monitoring interventions affecting academic and behavioral outcomes, <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">none explicitly connect self-monitoring to self-understanding or self-awareness measures</snippet> in the provided text. Further search is needed to identify studies with more direct self-understanding outcomes.
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Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
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<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2,S_Igxcgdq">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, with exceptions only for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based electronic cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still on the market</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, particularly those marketed to youth</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LRjKfcX">FDA will closely monitor the use rates of all types of e-cigarette products among youth, including tobacco and menthol flavored e-cigarettes</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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The search results do not contain explicit references to the "triple bottom line" (TBL) framework applied to long-term care/elderly services with mediators and moderators, nor do they integrate Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model for this context. However, some snippets mention long-term care sustainability frameworks that align with TBL principles: <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment is proposed to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness</snippet> for the American LTC system. <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">Government strategies significantly influence quality, with public institutions showing better service quality than private ones, under the triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. These frameworks address long-term care sustainability challenges but lack explicit mediator/moderator analysis in digital/smart eldercare contexts. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances</snippet>, indicating the importance of contextual moderators. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's integrated home- and community-based systems show that expenditures leveled off after 12 years, with access and quality remaining satisfactory</snippet>, providing policy-level evidence of sustainable models. The search results suggest TBL frameworks exist in related healthcare contexts but are not explicitly applied to elderly care sustainability outcomes with statistical mediation/moderation mechanisms.

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<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_CoNxRSP">The available search results provide general FPV design guidance covering mooring systems, floating platforms, and underwater cable connections, but do not specifically reference IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 standards</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">Design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex, requiring consideration of anchor positioning, cable specifications, and fatigue risk</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">Elastic mooring lines are commonly used to enhance flexibility and stability during water level variations and severe wind/wave conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">Numerical models are employed to evaluate dynamics and displacements of floating platforms under various weather and sea conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">Typical FPV systems include five subsystems: PV subsystem, floating platform, mooring subsystem, underwater cables, and electric power/control subsystem</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3">For larger offshore installations like the 15 MW ActiveFloat wind turbine, mooring systems incorporate catenary cables with specific lengths and diameters to limit platform surge motion</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8tiGRfz">Installation methods and mooring materials vary by platform type, with semisubmersible platforms using onshore installation and wet transport, while TLPs require dry transport via barge</snippet>. The search results do not contain specific IEA PVPS Task 16 guidance on navigation, marking, or vessel interaction considerations for FPV systems.
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The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">ICSE-18 further classifies workers into six statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment</snippet>, with distinctions based on professional training (ISCO 1-4) and social protection provisions. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and varying proficiency levels in both languages. However, <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">the research utilized socio-linguistic tests to evaluate students' proficiency in Russian and English, establishing the need for improved communicative skills</snippet> rather than explicitly documenting how English serves as a lingua franca or EMI usage affects social integration. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6, S_zFkS0OO">The rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education is linked to the internationalization of education, with universities adopting EMI to attract international students and enhance their global standing</snippet>. Yet, <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">recent studies indicate that the outcomes of EMI are not consistently positive in non-Anglophone contexts, with limited statistical evidence on its effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p, S_h0u4Wyu">Students transitioning from their first language to English in EMI environments often face significant challenges, with lecturers employing strategies like translation or code-switching to address comprehension gaps</snippet>. None of the retrieved snippets provide explicit documentation of English as a lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities with direct links between language practices and social integration metrics like friendship networks or belonging.
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Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet> and <snippet id="95020,20176">is set in Istanbul about a systems analyst named Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">DVD Talk reviewed the film as a "weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original"</snippet>, satisfying the review criterion by a well-known home media publication. <snippet id="28554">The plot involves a computer expert who loses identity and bank accounts and must clear her name</snippet>. However, <snippet id="95020,28554">neither the DVD Talk review nor available sources identify the film's composer</snippet>, so the British composer detail cannot be confirmed from these results. The film was shot on location in Istanbul and distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment as a direct-to-video release.
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<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF download from Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga hardware architecture and register maps</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes a Register Summary in alphabetical order and coprocessor hardware documentation</snippet>, which would be essential for understanding AGA chipset registers, Copper/Blitter/bitplanes, and DMA addressing. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release with material on Exec, Libraries, and Devices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA (Amiga Graphics Adapter) provides up to 704×510 resolution and supports either PAL or NTSC video modes</snippet>, working in 12-bit color depth. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">Earlier editions of the Hardware Reference Manual cover the A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines</snippet>, though the 3rd Edition is more relevant for the A1200 with its 2MB Chip RAM and Kickstart 3.0/3.1 ROMs.
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<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Developing water-based bioinspired memristive devices is significant for neuromorphic computing and developing next-generation brain-machine interfaces, with several aqueous memristive devices having previously been developed using ions in water as charge carriers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">These Janus nanopore synapses offer a pathway for implementing neuromorphic systems that can overcome memory bottlenecks by leveraging the unique properties of nanopore-based two-terminal memory devices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YkA1LR2">Advancements in digital neuromorphic hardware, such as IBM's TrueNorth and Intel's Loihi, emphasize the need for efficient synapse memory to support complex networks, with SRAM crossbar arrays preferred for higher throughput</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">It debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was RIAA-certified, and earned multiple Grammys at the 2009 ceremony including Album of the Year and Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter"</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">The album is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their later collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was the duo's second album together and also received widespread critical acclaim and multiple Grammy nominations</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between a 6.4% maltodextrin mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with a 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running with 3-minute recoveries between blocks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_a74wEj9">Energy production during brief sprints is derived from degradation of intra-muscular phosphocreatine and glycogen, with prolonged periods of multiple sprints draining muscle glycogen stores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">There are relatively few studies examining the effects of carbohydrates on performance in intermittent sports, and existing research often lacks consistency due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<snippet id=391d2d98-3>There is a record of a "Captain Delaunay" role in the West End musical "Erminie" from 1885</snippet>, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical comedy. <snippet id=391d2d98-1>The name "Delaunay" is also associated with The Sound of Music</snippet>, but this refers to a different production entirely. <snippet id=391d2d98-5>Another "Captain Hollywood Project" is a 1990s Eurodance music project</snippet>, which is unrelated to the theatrical role. <snippet id=391d2d98-8>There is also a music duo called Captain & Tennille</snippet>, but this is not a role in a musical. The search results do not provide clear evidence of a specific musical where "Captain Delauney" was a role originated by an actress in London.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The exact-titled record "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" was identified in the search results</snippet>, though the available snippets do not contain its substantive text detailing specific reporting domains. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG,S_CSlM2L8">Related reviews discuss regulatory pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery, noting that the FDA has cleared various devices for new surgical indications with historical insights from agents like indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein</snippet>. <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key performance capabilities for FGS systems include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, and simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Challenges include regulatory hurdles, safety assessments, and the need for further development to enhance optical resolution and capabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o">Clinical approval guidelines emphasize safety profiles, costs associated with clinical trials, and the development of "smart" imaging agents targeting tumor cells through conjugation with tumor-specific antibodies or peptides</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DZWtjXE">Translational validation guidance is being developed to bridge the gap between lab discovery and clinical use of fluorescence- and photoacoustic-based imaging devices</snippet>. The search results provide contextual background on regulatory trends and technical capabilities but lack the specific domain-structured reporting recommendations needed to ground clinical discussion questions.
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<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The paper title is "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models"</snippet>, but the provided search results do not contain substantive content from this specific paper. The available snippets discuss integrated assessment models (IAMs) more broadly, including their role in climate change assessments <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">, their use of frameworks like Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">, and general challenges facing IAMs such as high uncertainty and dependency on underlying assumptions <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">. </snippet>One snippet mentions that IAMs are essential for capturing diverse knowledge across environmental and socio-economic disciplines <snippet id="S_onh5WOE">, yet few studies have applied IAMs to examine Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) interactions, particularly at the subnational scale <snippet id="S_onh5WOE">. </snippet>Another snippet notes that integrated modelling requires substantial effort and resources but can add value by enabling trade-offs and synergies between policies <snippet id="S_HRINe1D">. </snippet>However, none of the provided snippets contain the specific abstract, methods, results, or discussion content from the target paper that would detail its key technical contributions and empirical findings about "possibility space" as a framing concept. </answer>

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The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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