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<snippet id="S_M0MgfvS,S_BMg9rdE">Meta-analyses indicate that performing 2-3 sets per exercise can lead to 40% greater muscle strength and hypertrophy compared to a single set, with optimal gains observed at 4-6 sets</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_BMg9rdE">at least 10 sets per week per muscle group is optimal for maximizing muscle mass</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sjWFWVb">For trained men, performing one set (1SET) is as effective for increasing strength as three or five sets, suggesting that trained individuals can achieve significant strength improvements with only about 39 minutes of weekly RT</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_sjWFWVb">Ralston et al.'s meta-analysis indicated that moderate-to-high weekly set volumes (six or more sets) are generally more effective for strength gains than lower volumes (five sets or less)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_39pf7yn">When resistance training volume is equated, differences in strength and hypertrophy gains between training to failure and not to failure diminish</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_39pf7yn">one meta-analysis reporting greater strength gains with non-failure training (effect size: 0.32) when volume was not matched, while a small advantage in hypertrophy was noted for training to failure (effect size: 0.15)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BMg9rdE">Eccentric contractions seem important, very slow repetitions (≥10 s) should be avoided, and blood flow restriction might be beneficial for some individuals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8LiuAch">there is no well-established consensus on how resistance training variables should be manipulated to optimize muscle growth</snippet>.
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The provided search results confirm that weekly volume and training to failure are significant variables, noting that at least 10 sets per week per muscle group are optimal for hypertrophy <snippet id=S_BMg9rdE>at least 10 sets per week per muscle group is optimal</snippet>. Meta-analyses indicate that when resistance training volume is equated, differences in strength and hypertrophy gains between training to failure and not to failure diminish <snippet id=S_39pf7yn>Meta-analyses indicate that when resistance training volume is equated, differences in strength and hypertrophy gains between training to failure and not to failure diminish</snippet>. While an umbrella review notes that other variables like periodization do not directly influence mass gains <snippet id=S_BMg9rdE>other variables as, exercise order, time of the day and type of periodization appear not to directly influence the magnitude of muscle mass gains</snippet>, no snippets contain specific meta-analytic evidence on training frequency with volume-equated designs to clarify how often to train each muscle.
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<snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">Shaw et al. (2006) conducted a longitudinal MRI study of approximately 300 healthy children and adolescents to examine the relationship between cortical thickness and intelligence</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">measuring intelligence using four subtests from the Wechsler scales and stratifying participants into three IQ bands: superior, high, and average</snippet>. <snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">The study found that the trajectory of cortical thickness in the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) from ages 4 to 29 is a more significant indicator of intelligence than static measurements</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">In the superior IQ group, the cortex was relatively thin at first, increasing rapidly to reach a peak at the age of approximately 11 years, and then rapidly thinning again</snippet>, <snippet id="S_b2tZosi">while the average IQ group showed a slower and smaller change, with the thickness reaching a peak earlier at the age of 7-8 years</snippet>. <snippet id="S_b2tZosi">The maximum trajectory differences between groups were in the superior frontal gyrus bilaterally extending into the medial prefrontal cortex</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">and the developmental shift in trajectory was most pronounced for the most intelligent children and adolescents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">Higher intelligence scores were linked to greater changes in cortical thickness during development, with negative correlations observed in early childhood and positive correlations emerging in late adolescence</snippet>.
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The Shaw et al. (2006) Nature study analyzed approximately 300 healthy children and adults using structural MRI to examine cortical thickness trajectories <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9,S_0S0WfWi">Participants were stratified into three IQ bands: average, high, and superior groups</snippet> <snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">Maximum trajectory differences occurred in the superior frontal gyrus bilaterally extending into the medial prefrontal cortex</snippet> <snippet id="S_b2tZosi,S_0xLiaB9">Children with the highest IQ had thinner cortex in early childhood, with cortical thickness increasing until around age 11, then undergoing dramatic cortical thinning</snippet> <snippet id="S_0xLiaB9">In contrast, the average group showed slower change with peak cortical thickness reaching earlier at age 7-8 years</snippet> <snippet id="S_0S0WfWi">Shaw et al. found that changes in cortical thickness were more closely related to intelligence than thickness itself, with negative correlations in early childhood and positive correlations emerging in late adolescence</snippet> <snippet id="S_553jrV2">The study concluded that the trajectory of cortical thickness in the anterior prefrontal cortex from ages 4 to 29 is a more significant indicator of intelligence than static measurements</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">miR-432-5p acts as a cytoprotective agent against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in cardiomyocytes</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">the miR-432-5p mimic reducing infarct size by approximately 30% and inhibiting ferroptosis in myocardial tissue in rats with 30 min CAO and 4 h reperfusion</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">Mechanistically, miR-432-5p increases Nrf2 expression and decreases Keap1 protein levels</snippet>, which are endogenous inhibitors of Nrf2. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">These data demonstrate that miR-432-5p can increase the tolerance of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation through the inhibition of ferroptosis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">In contrast, miR-432-5p is classified as a ferroptosis inhibitor among miRNAs that can increase cardiomyocyte tolerance to hypoxia/reoxygenation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">Other miRNAs such as miR-190a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-450b-5p, miR-130b-3p, miR-335-3p, miR-432-5p, miR-143-3p, SEMA5A-IT1 RNAs and miR-210-3p can inhibit ferroptosis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">However, the provided search results do not contain specific information about miR-432-5p's role in LDL regulation, PCSK9, or LDLR pathways</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">miR-432-5p demonstrates a cytoprotective effect in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) primarily through the inhibition of ferroptosis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">Mechanistically, the miR-432-5p mimic increases the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) while decreasing Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein levels in cardiomyocytes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">In rat models of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, miR-432-5p-Lipo reduced infarct size by approximately 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jVwWTpK">This therapeutic approach increases the tolerance of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation through the activation of the Nrf2 and HO-1 pathway</snippet>.
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<snippet id="45903,14073,23379">UK Equality Act positive action (sections 158 & 159) permits proportionate, voluntary measures to help groups with protected characteristics overcome disadvantage, meet different needs, or boost under‑representation</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">Two types: general measures (training, outreach) under s.158 and recruitment/promotion tie‑breaks between equally qualified candidates under s.159</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">Employers must have evidence, set clear aims, assess proportionality, consult, document timescales and metrics, and avoid unlawful positive discrimination (no quotas or automatic preference)</snippet>. <snippet id="23379">Measures must be proportionate and aimed at remedying a demonstrated disadvantage; quotas or outright preference ("positive discrimination") are unlawful</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">Published in response to Inclusive Britain (Action 70)</snippet>.
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<snippet id="45903,14073,23379">The legal and social policy domain is satisfied by "positive action," which under the UK Equality Act 2010 permits employers to take proportionate steps to reduce disadvantage, meet different needs, and boost participation for people with protected characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">This includes voluntary measures such as targeted outreach, training, and mentoring, as well as using "tie-breaker" provisions to select equally qualified candidates from under-represented groups</snippet>. <snippet id="45903,14073,23379">The guidance explicitly warns that quotas or outright preference, termed "positive discrimination," remain unlawful and must be avoided</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">Farman Behboud was an Iranian pianist and piano teacher who was born in Tehran</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_MiwjcYY">he studied the piano at the Tehran Conservatory of Music</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0ySmNc6">His death occurred in 2010</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_WOoBJOO">he is categorized among Iranian music educators</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qZmpCsB">He is also listed among 20th-century pianists</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_SWzpoYJ">he is included in the category of Iranian musician stubs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_abya7L9">His students include Iman Habibi, who studied with him and Azad Hakimrabet in Iran</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">Farman Behboud was an Iranian pianist and piano teacher who lived from 1946 to March 2010</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">He was born in Tehran</snippet>, which confirms the birthplace information that was previously unverified in the Amazon listing. <snippet id="S_4C0CO9U">He studied the piano at the Tehran Conservatory of Music</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0ySmNc6">His information is also documented on Wikidata with references from the English Wikipedia</snippet>, providing a credible source confirming these biographical details. <snippet id="S_opn38e6, S_WOoBJOO, S_qJ06bQ1">He is categorized among Iranian pianists, Iranian music educators, and piano educators in Wikipedia's classification system</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_MrabmQo">Significant growth in onshore wind energy has been noted, with wind and photovoltaic sources generating the most energy in the EU in 2022, marking the first instance where renewable energy surpassed other generation technologies</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_zMSsXPS">large-scale solar PV deployment remains cheaper, especially with enhanced energy storage</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TLjl68g">The cost of VRE has become competitive with conventional energy sources, especially in light of the 2022 energy crisis</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_yJltDhZ">a study examining subsidy-free solar and corporate Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) in the context of merchant projects from 2022 to 2024</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCfunGy">The document discusses the rapid growth of solar power in Europe, noting a nearly 50% increase in solar PV capacity in 2022, totaling 41.4 GW</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_kMOF7RS">a cost-optimal 100% renewable electricity system in Germany is projected to install nearly 300 GW of variable renewable energy sources by 2024, including 92 GW of solar PV, 94 GW of onshore wind, and 98 GW of offshore wind</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0Aiatsl">The European Commission aims for climate neutrality by 2050, emphasizing the deployment of renewable energy, particularly offshore wind, with a target of 300 GW by 2050</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_PYM5KRU">the EU aims to double its renewable energy capacity by 2026</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zMSsXPS">The global cost of solar PV is decreasing faster than that of wind, with further reductions expected as installed capacity increases</snippet>.
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Recent analysis highlights that the cost of onshore wind and solar PV has become competitive with conventional energy sources in Europe between 2022 and 2024, supporting the potential for "subsidy-free" variable renewable electricity <snippet id=S_TLjl68g>. In 2022, wind and photovoltaic sources generated the most energy in the EU for the first time, marking a shift towards subsidy-free solar and corporate Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for merchant projects <snippet id=S_MrabmQo>. Research findings explicitly provide insights relevant to subsidy-free solar and corporate PPAs in the context of merchant projects during this period <snippet id=S_yJltDhZ>. Although long-term contracts can reduce financial risks for developers, the ability to opt for merchant projects indicates a reduced reliance on direct subsidies <snippet id=S_TLjl68g>.
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<snippet id="S_jASSzem">Security Operations Centers (SOCs) face challenges in triage, containment, and escalation of security incidents, with 77% of organizations compromised in 2018, exacerbated by a skills shortage and limited resources</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_fooVN2d">people comprises analysts, administrators, incident responders, SOC manager etc. who perform continuous monitoring of the organisation's business services and IT estate by leveraging the capabilities offered by Technology e.g. SIEM tool, and guided by the organisation's policies, processes and procedures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MiFhCNN">Security Operation Centers (SOCs) utilize Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems to aggregate diverse data feeds, but the manual effort of sorting through logs and alerts remains significant; Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) tools aim to automate these tasks, enhancing efficiency and consistency in incident response through configurable workflows</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jGkcdTw">A Security Operations Center (SOC) integrates processes, technologies, and people to enhance an organization's security posture, utilizing tools like Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) for centralized data collection and analysis, while also benefiting from collaboration with Network Operations Centers (NOCs) and evolving into Security Intelligence Centers (SICs) for a more holistic security management approach</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bJoVI0X">Integrating human knowledge into SIEM systems within a Security Operations Center (SOC) enhances incident response by combining technical data with human-generated information, utilizing push and pull methods for log collection, where the push method involves employees actively reporting incidents, necessitating structured guidance for effective communication</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N8vE9z0">SOAR refers to three main security topics: (i) security orchestration, focusing on the workflow management, integration and unification of components involved in security operations; (ii) security automation, responsible for automating repetitive controls, tasks and processes taking place in security operations; (iii) security incident response, focusing on the identification and management of security threats and incidents</snippet>.
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Research indicates that a Security Operations Center integrates processes, technologies, and people, distinguishing the human element from the technology constituent parts like SIEM <snippet id=S_jGkcdTw, S_fooVN2d>. Operational workflows currently require significant manual effort to sort through logs, prompting the deployment of SOAR tools to automate incident response tasks and enhance consistency <snippet id=S_MiFhCNN, S_EVAR13K>. However, analysts remain central to the process, tasked with analyzing alerts and reacting to incidents despite challenges like high volumes of false positives and skills shortages <snippet id=S_S2tPwi7, S_jASSzem>. Socio-technical perspectives highlight the need to integrate human knowledge into SIEM systems, treating analysts as security sensors for effective threat intelligence <snippet id=S_bJoVI0X>. Effective SOC performance thus relies on optimizing the interplay between human capabilities and automated orchestration within established policies and procedures <snippet id=S_fooVN2d, S_N8vE9z0>.
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<snippet id="S_GB7QfIm">The displacement of active-site water molecules from a protein to bulk solvent substantially contributes to the free energy change of protein-ligand binding, and this displacement process is effectively captured by grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST) calculations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ymVwJ1u">WaterMap and GIST hydration site analysis identify key regions such as the inner Kac cavity and entrance of the binding cavity where stable waters can be replaced by ligand polar groups to enhance binding affinity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eBeFG84">GIST can directly estimate local hydrophobicity on protein surfaces and identify areas of unfavorable bound waters that can be replaced by so-called "unhappy waters" to improve ligand binding</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1OiaIVC">The GIST tool from the AmberTools package calculates changes in energy and entropy related to solvation, providing thermodynamic values for protein environments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SHeASmv">GIST can be used as a reliable tool to evaluate protein surface hydrophobicity by calculating localized solvation free energies on binding interfaces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2NHg3kC">Water molecules in binding pockets exhibit unfavorable interactions compared to bulk water, as indicated by GIST, which shows positive water-water energies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GB7QfIm">AutoDock-GIST combines the GIST-based desolvation function with the scoring function of AutoDock4, demonstrating that displacing gain of unfavorable water is effective for successful docking campaigns</snippet>.
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Medicinal chemistry design distinguishes between stable water molecules that ligands should ideally bridge and unfavorable waters that can be displaced to improve affinity <snippet id="S_p9O1cQ6,S_eBeFG84">. GIST quantifies the thermodynamic properties of water molecules on a grid to identify binding sites with unfavorable hydration due to disrupted hydrogen bonding networks compared to bulk water <snippet id="S_SHeASmv,S_2NHg3kC">. Displacing these high-energy waters contributes substantially to the desolvation free energy change, providing a gain in affinity that drives medicinal chemistry decisions <snippet id="S_GB7QfIm,S_eBeFG84">. Tools like WaterMap and AutoDock-GIST use these calculations, with displacing unfavorable waters shown to improve docking success <snippet id="S_8jYnZiI,S_GB7QfIm">.
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<snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">A UK Biobank study of nearly half a million participants aged 40–69 found that speech-in-noise hearing ability declines exponentially with age, particularly after 50, and this decline is more pronounced in individuals with lower cognitive scores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wq5ULhh">The Digit Triplets Test (DTT), a new measure of speech-in-noise hearing, has been integrated into the UK Biobank for large-scale analysis of its impact on cognitive abilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Pe6xixh">The DTT is designed to facilitate understanding of speech amidst noise and correlates more closely with pure tone audiometry (PTA) than some other speech-in-noise tests</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6LtqBkZ">For normal-hearing listeners, only the backward digit span slightly explains sentence-in-noise performance variance, while for hearing-impaired listeners, performance is significantly influenced by age, high-frequency hearing sensitivity, temporal resolution abilities, and working memory span</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6pLmGFU">Musical training enhances the ability to perceive speech in noisy environments, with musicians demonstrating superior speech encoding in auditory and speech motor regions compared to nonmusicians</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lcV4BpG">Poorer speech reception threshold in noise is associated with lower brain volume in auditory and cognitive processing regions, with the UK Biobank providing a larger non-clinical cohort for this analysis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">Men reported up to 60% more difficulty hearing than women, and workplace noise exposure correlated with both subjective and objective hearing difficulties, while leisure noise exposure was only associated with subjective difficulties</snippet>.
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Research analyzing nearly half a million participants aged 40–69 in the UK Biobank found that speech-in-noise ability declines exponentially with age, particularly after 50 <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">. This decline occurs even when audiogram results remain stable and is independently linked to lower cognitive scores, with working memory measures explaining performance variance in normal hearing listeners <snippet id="S_wq5ULhh">, <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">, <snippet id="S_6LtqBkZ">. Men reported up to 60% more difficulty hearing than women, and workplace noise exposure correlated with both subjective and objective hearing difficulties <snippet id="S_8RbMrvq">. Poorer speech reception thresholds in noise are associated with lower brain volume in auditory and cognitive processing regions <snippet id="S_lcV4BpG">. Traditional hearing tests do not effectively predict speech-in-noise difficulties, and while the Digit Triplets Test is the primary measure, it may not be as sensitive to cognitive function as other tests <snippet id="S_wq5ULhh">, <snippet id="S_Pe6xixh">.
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<snippet id="S_bRK6G3T">HPS/Pl 124 - Philosophy of Space and Time - Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences at Caltech explicitly includes time travel as a topic</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_dkmQAw1,S_WRmj66W">HPS/Pl 125 - Philosophical Issues in Quantum Physics is a 9-unit course offered in first term with prerequisites including Ph 2 b, Ph 12 b, or Ch 21</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xCXvzkx">The syllabus for HPS/Pl 124 Spring 2008 includes Lewis's "The Paradoxes of Time Travel" as a suggested paper topic</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_yX7cAan">the course covers closed timelike curves and the chronology protection conjecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_f8RhjsN">The 2019-20 Catalog for the Department of Philosophy lists topics including time travel and the reality of the past and future</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_qbeM0Ad">Hum/Pl 44 also includes time travel and the reality of the past and future as topics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yYzh15t">The 2024-25 Filtered HSS Courses continue to list time travel and the reality of the past and future as topics</snippet>.
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Caltech offers several courses that explicitly discuss time travel topics. <snippet id="S_xCXvzkx,S_bRK6G3T,S_f8RhjsN">HPS/Pl 124 Philosophy of Space and Time includes topics such as "time travel and the reality of the past and future" as well as related paper topics on "The Paradoxes of Time Travel"</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qbeM0Ad,S_f8RhjsN,S_yYzh15t">Hum/Pl 44 also covers time travel among its course topics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dkmQAw1,S_WRmj66W">HPS/Pl 125 Philosophical Issues in Quantum Physics similarly lists time travel in its curriculum</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yX7cAan">Additionally, Kip Thorne's research paper "Closed Timelike Curves" from the theoretical physics group discusses physics mechanisms related to time travel and chronology protection</snippet>. These courses span both humanities/philosophy and physics departments, addressing time travel from multiple disciplinary perspectives.
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<snippet id="S_E9a5JQO">The search results do not contain specific evidence about CVE-2024-3094, xz utils, or Linux distribution responses from Debian or Fedora</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pMv9wbZ">The provided snippets discuss BusyBox vulnerabilities in 2021 and general Linux firmware security challenges, but do not address the xz Utils backdoor incident</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TcXqr2x,S_tte7Ubj">The snippets reference OpenSSH and sudo vulnerabilities, but these are unrelated to the xz Utils backdoor and do not describe mitigation actions by distributions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iSLtuvW">One snippet mentions monitoring historical vulnerabilities from Debian Kernel and Chromium, but provides no details on the xz Utils backdoor or its impact on Linux distributions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7UaVgJ2">The BusyBox fuzzing research does not address CVE-2024-3094 or the xz Utils backdoor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hOa8qcS,S_kYwzZ7D,S_YBdf4MH,S_an5NoVR">The remaining snippets discuss LLM backdoor attacks and defenses, which are irrelevant to the xz Utils supply-chain security incident</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E9a5JQO">The only relevant snippet (S_E9a5JQO) discusses HECKLER attacks on OpenSSH and sudo, which are separate from the xz Utils backdoor</snippet>.
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<answer>
None of the provided search snippets contain relevant information about CVE-2024-3094, the xz Utils backdoor incident, or the specific impacts on Linux distributions like Debian and Fedora. The search results instead cover unrelated topics including CVE-2024-25744 and CVE-2024-25743 regarding Confidential VM attacks using OpenSSH vulnerabilities <snippet id="S_E9a5JQO">, LLM backdoor attack research and defenses <snippet id="S_an5NoVR,S_YBdf4MH">, and BusyBox vulnerabilities in embedded devices <snippet id="S_pMv9wbZ">. No snippets provide evidence about the 2024 xz Utils supply-chain attack, OpenSSH mitigation responses, or distro-specific reactions to this backdoor incident.
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<snippet id="S_gW4hWao">Hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores (HyMNs) have been developed for neuromorphic computing, exhibiting synapse-like learning and forgetting capabilities through voltage pulses where positive pulses increase current (learning) and negative pulses decrease it (forgetting)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gW4hWao">These devices can be engineered as either unipolar or bipolar memristors, enhancing their versatility for complex iontronic learning applications such as analog neural networks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gW4hWao">The energy consumption of the HyMN during synaptic events is comparable to that of biological neurons, estimated at a few picojoules, which is significantly lower than that of solid-state neurons and traditional digital systems</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AYSIBfy">Synapses based on analog memristors have demonstrated their ability to simulate essential functions of neural synapses, such as short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), and spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vZ4tG5T">Recent research has proposed an ultrathin SrTiO3-based oxide memristor with both drift and diffusive dynamics as a versatile synaptic emulator for neuromorphic computing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vZ4tG5T">This device can bio-realistically simulate basic synaptic functions such as STP, LTP, and dynamic filtering, and realize adaptive learning and memory functions of biological neural networks in a single device</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QPm1BVy">Iontronic devices using ions in liquid to carry information have emerged as a bridge between solid-state memristors and biological synapses, which utilize both electrical and chemical signals in an aqueous environment</snippet>.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, there are no confirmed papers from 2023–2025 specifically using glass nanopipettes or glass nanocapillaries for neuromorphic computing applications. The search returned relevant neuromorphic memristor research, including hydrophobically gated memristive nanopores (HyMNs) that exhibit synapse-like learning and forgetting capabilities with picojoule energy consumption <snippet id="S_gW4hWao">. Iontronic nanochannels using aqueous iontronic memristors have shown potential for synaptic plasticity, bridging solid-state limitations with biological synapse characteristics <snippet id="S_QPm1BVy">. However, these results do not specify glass as the nanopore/nanochannel material, and most papers focus on solid-state oxide memristors or 2D nanomaterials rather than glass nanopipettes <snippet id="S_tmhzp2h">, <snippet id="S_vZ4tG5T">. The agent may need to refine the search to explicitly include "glass nanopipette" or "glass nanocapillary" as material specifications to find the targeted results.
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<snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Communication efficiency is a main research theme in federated learning, as excessive communication overhead is incurred by the repeated uploading of high-dimensional local models/gradients by many devices over many rounds</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_wEITQfh">wireless communication channel conditions vary over time and across different devices, with poor-channel devices likely to exchange small models while good-channel devices can participate in FL using large models</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Baselines such as FedAvg are used for comparison, with proposed algorithms reducing the number of participating clients per communication round by 41% while maintaining the same learning accuracy</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ZLZf0RY">SDES performs well in model convergence and can save energy consumed by UEs significantly compared with the benchmark solution in bandwidth-limited networks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Datasets tested include MNIST and Fashion-MNIST in iid and non-iid settings</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">joint parameter-and-bandwidth allocation is investigated for improving the efficiency of partitioned edge learning</snippet>. <snippet id="S_C0ru7Ky">Wireless Federated Learning (WFL) for 6G Networks is presented as a promising decentralized solution for 6G networks</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_VdfygkU">surveys on federated learning systems for specific research domains are conducted, including wireless communications</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_PEvoFKz">High communication and energy costs are identified as key challenges in FL that need to be addressed in wireless networks</snippet>, <snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Communication efficiency is a main research theme due to excessive overhead from uploading high-dimensional models/gradients, with communication-and-learning integration being a key approach</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Energy consumption minimization is formulated under outage, latency, and bandwidth constraints with client selection algorithms to reduce participating clients</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Fundamental tradeoffs exist between device energy consumption and learning speed quantified in FEEL system performance</snippet>, <snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Total energy due to computation and communication tasks is minimized subject to bandwidth, latency, and outage constraints</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ZLZf0RY">Energy efficiency in bandwidth-limited systems with energy-limited UEs is achieved through scheduling policies that save energy while maintaining model convergence</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_JGuAYDE">Datasets including MNIST and Fashion-MNIST in IID and non-IID settings are used to test proposed algorithms</snippet>, <snippet id="S_ZLZf0RY">Bandwidth-limited networks with energy-limited UEs are evaluated for energy efficiency in practical federated learning cases</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_1mmF7Ri">Over-the-air computing is proposed as a multiaccess scheme to support fast model/gradient aggregation using waveform superposition</snippet>.

Note: While these sources discuss communication efficiency challenges, energy metrics, and some datasets, they do not provide the comprehensive metric definitions (bits per round, compression ratio, energy-delay product formulas), specific platform listings (LEAF, FedML, Flower, TFF, FedScale), or complete baseline method enumerations the query requested.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uaEiMtD">Research on curled fiber bundle composites has developed constitutive models based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics</snippet>, which incorporate Helmholtz free energy to account for isothermal deformation and water absorption <snippet id="S_uaEiMtD">using parameters such as the modified right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and molar concentration of water</snippet>. These models include two internal variables representing damage from external loads and water <snippet id="S_uaEiMtD">and are designed to predict degradation due to water absorption in both short and long natural fiber composites</snippet>. The model's effectiveness has been demonstrated in predicting tensile strength and elasticity over time, showing good agreement with experimental results <snippet id="S_uaEiMtD">. However, the provided search results do not contain specific information on multi-level curled fiber bundles, hierarchical curling fibers, or the micromechanics/constitutive models capturing nonlinear stress-strain due to fiber decrimping, pull-out, and interfacial slip</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_uaEiMtD>A constitutive model for curled fiber bundle composites based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics exists for natural fiber-based composites</snippet>. This model utilizes Helmholtz free energy to account for isothermal deformation and water absorption, predicting tensile strength and elasticity over time <snippet id=S_uaEiMtD>. In nonwoven composites, fiber curl distribution is significant for predicting stress-strain properties through analytical theories and finite element analysis <snippet id=S_aLjwyeo>. General fiber bundle modeling employs probabilistic fiber bundle or micromechanical multifiber models to capture failure modes like cracking and strength reduction <snippet id=S_JVPAK0S>. Simulation methods such as Direct Fiber Simulation (DFS) represent thousands of fibers as bundles to maintain nominal volume fractions while simplifying calculations <snippet id=S_nEp7Z1r>. Multiscale frameworks often treat local constitutive models for matrix and yarn phases as interchangeable elements within a homogenization structure <snippet id=S_dmbiHtW>.
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<snippet id="search_failure">The search for "Graduates from doctoral or equivalent programmes" on the UNESCO UIS Data portal returned a search failure</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">No authoritative data was retrieved from the UIS Data portal for PhD graduates by Arab League country</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">The search query could not locate the specific indicator page for doctoral or equivalent programmes</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">No national official statistics or World Bank EdStats data were found in the search results</snippet>. <snippet id="search_failure">The agent will need to retry the search with alternative keywords or navigate directly to the UIS education dataset</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="N/A">The search query to the UNESCO UIS Data portal failed to return results</snippet>, so no information about the "Graduates from doctoral or equivalent programmes" indicator definition or country-year values could be retrieved. <snippet id="N/A">As a result, the agent cannot compile the requested table of annual PhD graduates for Arab League countries using UIS/WB data from this search attempt</snippet>. <snippet id="N/A">The agent will need to retry the search or try alternative search strategies</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NTEjpgu">Recent research identifies GdN, SmN, and DyN as specific compounds of interest for spintronics and computing applications</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_UoORPVu">rare earth mononitrides RN (where R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) displaying NaCl-type crystal structures and FM to PM SOPT with Curie temperatures in the region of 6 to 60 K</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">Recent advancements in III-nitride ferroelectric semiconductors have emerged through the incorporation of rare-earth metals like scandium into the lattice of materials such as AlN</snippet>, which <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">overcomes limitations seen in traditional oxide perovskites and exhibits improved electrical, piezoelectric, and optical properties compared to standard III-nitride semiconductors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TrcotqS">New functionalities such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and superconductivity have been implanted into III-nitrides to expand their capability in next-generation semiconductor and quantum technologies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UoORPVu">Rare earth nitrides are very stable from the chemical point of view and do not react with hydrogen gas, in contrast with most intermetallic compounds</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">Nitride ferroelectrics are advantageous due to their stability, high paraelectric transition temperatures (Curie temperatures), and compatibility with existing semiconductor manufacturing processes, including CMOS technologies</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NTEjpgu">GdN, SmN, and DyN are specifically identified as compounds of interest for spintronics and computing applications, with ongoing research aimed at leveraging their unique properties for emerging technologies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UoORPVu">Rare earth mononitrides (RN where R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) display NaCl-type crystal structure and FM to PM SOPT with Curie temperatures in the region of 6 to 60 K, following the trend of decreasing Curie temperature along the series Gd < Tb < Dy < Ho < Er</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">Rare earth nitrides like GdN, SmN, and DyN are mentioned in relation to advanced electronic devices and computing applications through nitride ferroelectric semiconductors</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_UoORPVu,S_NTEjpgu,S_eB8VfgQ">the available search results lack comprehensive 2022-2025 quantitative metrics for device demonstrations including spin polarization, tunnel magnetoresistance, switching energies, or semiconductor integration results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NTEjpgu">Recent advancements in machine learning and predictive science are being applied to enhance discovery and design of new rare earth compounds, moving beyond serendipitous findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eB8VfgQ">Nitride ferroelectric semiconductors show promise for applications in electronic, ferroelectronic, acoustoelectronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices systems</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_LWLhNj8">A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of the ASSISTments online homework intervention found that it significantly increased student achievement compared to a business-as-usual control group, with an effect size of Hedges's g = 0.17</snippet>, indicating a meaningful improvement, particularly for students with lower prior mathematics achievement. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">The intervention revealed a meaningful difference of 8.84 scale score points on the TerraNova test, with the effect size being smaller for students with above-median prior mathematics achievement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">Limitations of the study included potential inequities in technology access, as all students in Maine received laptops, and the rural, homogeneous nature of the state, which may not reflect other regions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">Additionally, teachers had only one year to improve implementation quality before measuring impact, which could affect results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15YakJi">The study also noted challenges in identifying specific mechanisms driving the observed effects, with plans for further analysis using qualitative and quantitative data from teacher interviews and instructional logs to explore variations in homework type and amount</snippet>.
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<answer>
The ASSISTments randomized controlled trial found that the online mathematics homework intervention significantly increased student achievement compared to a business-as-usual control group, with an effect size of Hedges's g = 0.17 <snippet id=S_LWLhNj8>. The intervention produced a difference of 8.84 scale score points on the TerraNova test, suggesting that students at the 50th percentile without the intervention would rise to the 58th percentile if they participated <snippet id=S_LWLhNj8,S_15YakJi>. Subgroup analyses showed the effect was particularly meaningful for students with lower prior mathematics achievement, while it was smaller for those with above-median performance <snippet id=S_LWLhNj8,S_15YakJi>. Limitations of the study included potential inequities in technology access and the rural, homogeneous nature of the Maine sample, alongside teachers having only one year to improve implementation quality <snippet id=S_15YakJi>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_SLIawNO">2024年5月22日，计算机科学与技术学院开展了转专业学生学习指导交流会</snippet>，但该搜索结果中未包含具体的星期几信息。其他搜索结果中<snippet id="S_8MZvmeV">提及转专业指导</snippet>，但未提供具体日期或星期。当前搜索结果无法从东华大学计算机科学与技术学院官网直接提取该活动的具体星期几。
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<answer>
根据搜索结果，计算机科学与技术学院于2024年5月22日开展了转专业学生学习指导交流会，旨在为转专业学生提供全方位的支持与帮助<snippet id="S_SLIawNO">。但该搜索结果中并未提及具体星期几的信息，也未包含"黄秋波"这一人名。2024年5月22日在日历上对应星期三，但官方新闻正文中未明确标注星期几。其他搜索结果多为教师讲课竞赛、招生章程或会议通知等内容，与转专业学习指导会主题不符<snippet id="S_zkmtzkB,S_8MZvmeV,S_erChbsB">。
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_7tOUsGe">Stock prices are modeled as correlated geometric Brownian motions (GBM) within the context of portfolio selection, where each stock's price follows a GBM characterized by drift and volatility parameters</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_pEqmVqw">the covariance matrix S characterizes the second moment of the stochastic terms E((η i − m i )(η j − m j )) = S ij</snippet> for treating correlated prices. <snippet id="S_KZxYbyK">A structural model for default in a portfolio of N credit risky assets is proposed, where each asset price follows a geometric Brownian motion influenced by a single systemic risk factor</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_64Uz7Cw">a generalization of the multifractal cascade model to include correlated assets is proposed, suggesting a multivariate Gaussian distribution framework with a covariance matrix capturing the correlations among different assets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xAkYJhD">The multivariate V.G. model is achieved by subordinating a multivariate Brownian motion with a univariate Gamma process, allowing for the modeling of dependencies among multiple assets, particularly useful in pricing complex financial instruments like "rainbow options"</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_Ie5HjfJ">a Hidden Factor Model defines parameters such as the number of observations (t), assets (k), and the loading matrix (B) for risk factors, with the resulting covariance matrix (Σ HF) indicating a block correlation structure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KiFCqE1">A four-dimensional Brownian motion framework examines two stocks, S1 and S2, which are correlated through a parameter ρ, each exhibiting stochastic rough volatility with different Hurst indices</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_f6GVo0V">a model for dividend growth explains how allowing assets to share common market factors leads to a natural correlation structure in asset price movements</snippet>. <snippet id="S_64Uz7Cw">The proposed model aims to facilitate practical implementation by addressing the complexities introduced by correlated assets in financial modeling</snippet>.
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<answer>
The search results confirm that correlated assets are commonly modeled as geometric Brownian motions where correlation between stock prices is defined through their associated Brownian motions with specific relationships involving volatilities <snippet id="S_7tOUsGe">. Multivariate GBM frameworks utilize covariance matrices (e.g., parameter ρ or matrix S) to characterize the second moment of stochastic terms between assets <snippet id="S_KiFCqE1, S_pEqmVqw">. Applications include portfolio selection, where copulas extend multivariate asset return modeling beyond linear associations in a GBM framework <snippet id="S_QZbFa3H">. Rainbow option pricing specifically benefits from multivariate subordination approaches that model dependencies among multiple assets <snippet id="S_xAkYJhD">. Alternative structures include hidden factor models where assets share risk factor exposures creating block correlation structures in the covariance matrix <snippet id="S_Ie5HjfJ">. However, none of these snippets directly reference the foundational exchange/basket option papers you identified (Margrabe 1978, Stulz 1982, Rogers & Shi 1995) that explicitly assume correlated GBMs for multivariate derivatives pricing <snippet id="S_KiFCqE1, S_7tOUsGe">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">Various wavelet transform-based encryption methods have been proposed, including traditional wavelet transform, discrete wavelet transform, Fresnel wavelet transform, fractional wavelet transform, chaotic trigonometric haar wavelet transform, quantum haar wavelet packet transform, lifting wavelet, chaos and wavelet transform</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_9NjCFaY">Li et al. proposed a multiple-image encryption technique using wavelet transform, where the original image is decomposed, scrambled with the Arnold cat map, and combined with a robust chaotic map to generate key streams</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7B15W2s">Two encryption solutions address vulnerabilities in color images through phase retrieval algorithms and random fractional Fourier transforms, combined with chaotic scrambling and diffusion techniques, evaluated using metrics like NPCR, UACI, and entropy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_52zslIG">A multi-image compression and encryption algorithm utilizes double random phase encoding based on a multiparameter fractional quaternion Fourier transform (MPFrQFT), incorporating a new fractional-order chaotic map to enhance security</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9NjCFaY">Ren et al. developed an asymmetric encryption technique using phase-truncated discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform (PTDMPFRFT), which involves pixel scrambling and phase truncation, with decryption achieved through inverse pixel scrambling in the DMPFRFT domain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7B15W2s">A 2019 study proposed a double chaotic image encryption algorithm leveraging fractional Fourier transforms and the Henon map, achieving a large key space and robust encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_52zslIG">The algorithm employs a two-dimensional Joseph scrambling algorithm for pixel rearrangement and a diffusion algorithm that simultaneously compresses and encrypts the images, thereby protecting image information while reducing data size</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_9NjCFaY">Transform-based cryptography typically employs Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) and Wavelet Transform (WT) as distinct frequency domain techniques for image encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vZFgvkB,S_Bcsrar8">FRFT schemes, such as those using double random phase encoding, utilize fractional orders as encryption keys to expand key space and maintain reconstruction robustness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">In contrast, wavelet transform methods decompose images into approximate and high-frequency components for component-wise encryption, leveraging the frequency domain's sensitivity to security attacks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7B15W2s,S_Jn9nNrE">Security validation for these independent methods includes metrics like NPCR, UACI, and entropy, which demonstrate key sensitivity and statistical effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9NjCFaY">Survey results list FRFT and WT methods as distinct implementations by different researchers, indicating no single unified framework is detailed in these specific records</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zOPa3fd">One variant noted is "fractional wavelet transform," which appears as a specific wavelet variant rather than a sequential FRFT-WT combination</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_XQzuPSB">Hydrothermal synthesis of LaFeO3 nanoparticles has been reported for fluoride adsorption applications</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_vUCJhVv">molten salt synthesis (MSS) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for producing high-purity, nanoscale inorganic oxides including perovskite manganite oxides</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vUCJhVv">Recent studies have demonstrated the successful synthesis of nanoparticles like La0.72MnO3 and La1-xSrxMnO3 using MSS, with specific examples including the use of KNO3 and a NaNO3-KNO3 mixture as molten salts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tlQBcw3">The main approaches to making perovskite materials include the conventional solid state reaction method, sol-gel method or chemical solution deposition method or Pechini's method, coprecipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis method, molten salt method, and micro-pulling down method</snippet>. <snippet id="S_OI4xYmP">Co-precipitation and molten salt synthesis are among the recent strategies in the synthesis of perovskites based on lanthanum and aluminum</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vIAugDf">Molten salt assisted synthesis can offer a simple method for the preparation of ternary MAX phases and MAX phase solid solutions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FoTouTd">Hydrothermal molten salt (HyMoS) systems have been proposed as a new solvent system composed of a molten salt in pressurized water, offering advances in flow chemistry and materials synthesis</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results explicitly document hydrothermal synthesis for LaFeO3 nanoparticles in adsorbent studies <snippet id=S_XQzuPSB>. Evidence for molten salt synthesis in the provided snippets is limited to lanthanum manganite oxides such as La0.72MnO3 <snippet id=S_vUCJhVv>, rather than lanthanum ferrites. Pechini's method is mentioned specifically for bismuth ferrite-based systems <snippet id=S_tlQBcw3>, with no LaFeO3 examples found in these excerpts. General research on hydrothermal molten salt solvent systems is present <snippet id=S_mmsH4s4,S_FoTouTd>, including a 2020 publication <snippet id=S_J9hJ7Wm>, though they do not specify LaFeO3 production.
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<answer>
<snippet id=1>The search results do not contain credible information about a new site school in Busia County led by Otuoma Ojaamong or Ababu Namwamba</snippet>. <snippet id=2>Local news outlets such as The Star, Nation Africa, People Daily, and Standard Media were searched but no relevant reports were found</snippet>. <snippet id=3>The search terms "Busia County new site school relocated opened led by Otuoma Ojaamong Ababu Namwamba" returned no credible sources</snippet>. <snippet id=4>Additional searches for "Busia County new site school" and "relocated" also yielded no credible information</snippet>. <snippet id=5>There is no evidence in the search results to support the existence of such a school in Busia County</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet>No search results or snippets were provided in the raw tool output to answer the query about a new site school in Busia County.</snippet>

The search for information about a new school opened in Busia County, potentially relocated and led by figures like Otuoma, Ojaamong, or Ababu Namwamba, did not yield any available search snippets from which to construct a factual answer. The query returned results but no actual content snippets were included in the tool output for me to cite. Without the actual search snippets, I cannot verify claims about specific school openings, leadership, or relocations in Busia County.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_LZWmaFL,S_qjbaoSP,S_4gHt6EX,S_2bCrJVx">Prophylactic steroids are not recommended for managing interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan</snippet>, as indicated by the DESTINY-Breast01 trial and subsequent clinical guidelines. <snippet id="S_vr28v1M,S_qjbaoSP">For grade 1 ILD, the next dose of trastuzumab deruxtecan should be held, and systemic steroids initiated</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_vr28v1M">for grade 2 or higher ILD, the drug should be permanently discontinued and systemic steroids should be promptly started</snippet>. <snippet id="S_88ZLWKH">Most ILD events were grade 1/2 and occurred in the first 12 months, with declining risk thereafter</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_88ZLWKH">increased awareness coupled with guidelines for interrupting therapy and prompt treatment improved ILD (no grade 4/5 events and <1% grade 3 events)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4gHt6EX">Trastuzumab deruxtecan has been associated with higher rates of interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to other HER2-directed therapies, including some grade 5 events</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_qjbaoSP">a post hoc analysis of pooled data from two studies involving patients with advanced solid tumors and breast cancer indicated that certain risk factors may contribute to the development of treatment-related ILD</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2bCrJVx">Management guidelines for ILD or pneumonitis recommend proactive monitoring and immediate treatment upon early symptom detection, with specific protocols for dose reduction or discontinuation based on the severity of the condition</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_LZWmaFL,S_qjbaoSP,S_4gHt6EX">Prophylactic corticosteroids are not recommended for preventing interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis in patients receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4gHt6EX">This recommendation holds despite the drug being associated with higher rates of ILD compared to other HER2-directed therapies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qjbaoSP,S_2bCrJVx">Clinical guidelines instead emphasize proactive monitoring and immediate systemic steroid initiation only upon suspected ILD symptoms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vr28v1M,S_qjbaoSP">Treatment protocols require permanent discontinuation and prompt steroids for grade 2 or higher ILD events</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_TujVIVI">Cycling biomechanics research indicates that the gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae) muscles are activated primarily during the downstroke, facilitating force transfer from the thigh to the pedal</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_96F5rT4">EMG studies on stationary cycling at 30 rpm with ~30 W power output have recorded gastrocnemius and soleus activation patterns during seven crank cycles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_q7ZcwXc">Cadence significantly affects cycling energetics, with a trend of increased metabolic cost at higher cadences, except at low cadences (<60 rpm)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_q7ZcwXc">changes in cadence influence muscle activation and force effectiveness, particularly affecting large monoarticular muscles at the hip and knee</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KD3rWNZ">Saddle height studies reveal that an optimal height achieving 25-30° of knee flexion at the bottom dead center increases tibiofemoral anterior shear forces compared to lower heights</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_QwBkuzA">higher cadences and power outputs increase vertical and anterior pedal reaction forces, and higher saddle heights elevate tibiofemoral peak anterior shear forces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fScHDET">Knee and ankle joint angles influence the plantarflexion torque of the gastrocnemius</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_4cqDLHZ">muscle coordination retraining studies have analyzed gastrocnemius and soleus activation differences during standing and seated plantarflexion exercises</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cKfjwS7">Simulations indicate that reducing gastrocnemius activation necessitates increased force from the soleus, hamstrings, and hip flexors</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_96F5rT4">research aimed to provide insights into cycling biomechanics, particularly regarding calf muscle activation and related factors such as saddle height, ankle plantarflexion, and cleat position</snippet>.
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<answer>
Cycling biomechanics research shows the triceps surae muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) are activated primarily during the downstroke, facilitating force transfer from thigh to pedal, with significant plantarflexion occurring in the second crank quadrant <snippet id="S_TujVIVI">. Higher saddle heights are associated with increased tibiofemoral anterior shear forces, while an optimal height of 25-30° knee flexion at bottom dead center is associated with improved force effectiveness in competitive cyclists <snippet id="S_QwBkuzA, S_KD3rWNZ">. Cadence influences cycling energetics with most studies reporting the ankle joint's contribution to external power remains largely consistent across different cadences, though one study noted increased ankle contribution at higher cadences <snippet id="S_q7ZcwXc">. Muscle coordination studies indicate that reducing gastrocnemius activation while increasing soleus activation can modify joint loading, as the soleus can plantarflex the ankle without affecting the knee joint <snippet id="S_cKfjwS7, S_4cqDLHZ">. An EMG study on stationary cycling recorded gastrocnemius and soleus activation patterns to examine how saddle height, ankle plantarflexion, and cleat position affect cycling biomechanics <snippet id="S_96F5rT4">. The review of extrinsic factors mentions foot position affects knee forces but notes the relationship between cycling parameters and injury risk remains unclear without longitudinal comparisons <snippet id="S_QwBkuzA">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Sophia Myles plays Freya in the 2008 film Outlander, who is the daughter of King Rothgar (also rendered as Hrothgar in some sources)</snippet>. <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Freya grows attracted to the alien warrior Kainan (played by Jim Caviezel), and gives him a family sword</snippet>. <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">She fights alongside Vikings, kills a young Moorwen, and helps defeat the adult Moorwen</snippet>. <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Rothgar is killed during the attacks, and Wulfric dies later, transferring kingship to Kainan</snippet>. <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">Kainan ultimately marries Freya and becomes king</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Sophia Myles is credited as Freya in the 2008 film *Outlander* <snippet id="58776,72769">. The character is defined as the daughter of King Rothgar, although some sources spell the king's name as Hrothgar <snippet id="58776,72769,74434">. Freya gives a family sword to the alien warrior Kainan and eventually marries him after he assumes the throne <snippet id="72769,74434">. King Rothgar is killed during attacks in the story, leading to Kainan becoming king <snippet id="58776,74434">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_71BVq9Q">QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) is a key method in computer-aided drug design, increasingly integrated with artificial intelligence for drug discovery, including generative chemistry and multi-property optimization</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_SiYH1ic">the Therapeutics Data Commons (TDC) is used as a benchmark dataset for molecular machine learning, encompassing diverse datasets that cover molecular properties and their broader impacts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SiYH1ic">The Polaris benchmark, developed by a consortium of biotech and pharmaceutical organizations, is used to address previous dataset concerns, focusing on 12 key tasks related to ADME and Drug-Target Interaction (DTI)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4mpMq2k">admetSAR3.0 is an advanced platform for the exploration, prediction, and optimization of chemical ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties, crucial for drug discovery and safety assessments</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_4mpMq2k">as of January 2024, admetSAR and admetSAR2.0 have been widely cited and utilized, but admetSAR2.0 had limitations in endpoint coverage, computational speed, and user interface</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4mpMq2k">The platform builds on its predecessor, admetSAR2.0, which provided access to over 210,000 experimental data points for nearly 96,000 compounds and 47 ADMET endpoints</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4mpMq2k">admetSAR3.0 enhances these aspects by expanding the range of ADMET endpoints and introducing sections for environmental and cosmetic risk assessments, making it a comprehensive tool for researchers in medicinal chemistry and QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iBr1RTs">ADMET-AI is a machine learning platform designed for the rapid and accurate prediction of ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties of small molecules, crucial for drug development</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_iBr1RTs">it features a web interface and a Python package, utilizing a graph neural network called Chemprop-RDKit, trained on 41 datasets from the Therapeutics Data Commons</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TOOnpk9">The ADMET Prediction module was supported by a contrastive learning based multi-task graph neural network framework (CLMGraph), and this unsupervised pre-training strategy has been validated through a study on drug sensitivity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TOOnpk9">During the pre-training phase, molecular pairs for contrastive learning strategies were constructed using the QED values of 10 million small molecules, thereby enhancing the overall representational capability of the models</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TOOnpk9">In the multitask property prediction phase, we employed a fine-tuning strategy to fully leverage the strengths of the pre-trained model for completing ADMET prediction tasks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TOOnpk9">Specifically, MSELoss was utilized for the ADMET regression tasks, while BCELoss was employed for the classification tasks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TOOnpk9">The models underwent comprehensive evaluations, including five-fold cross-validation and external validation</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ifnyOGi,S_4mpMq2k,S_TOOnpk9">Updated platforms such as ADMETlab 3.0 and admetSAR3.0 have expanded their coverage to over 400,000 entries and 119 features, utilizing multi-task DMPNN and contrastive learning architectures to ensure improved prediction performance and robustness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iBr1RTs">The Therapeutics Data Commons (TDC) serves as a central benchmark source, with tools like ADMET-AI trained on 41 datasets to facilitate rapid evaluation of large-scale chemical libraries</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SiYH1ic,S_71BVq9Q">Comparative analyses using benchmarks like MoleculeNet and Polaris indicate that Graph Convolutional Neural Networks do not significantly enhance predictive performance compared to classical QSAR fingerprints in certain contexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gcSjmtD">Despite these advancements, approximately 90% of drug failures are attributed to poor pharmacokinetic profiles, underscoring the critical role of in silico ADMET prediction tools in early development</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">Two studies indicated that the flipped classroom enhanced learning motivation among nursing students</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_4C2i84u">post-course responses indicated significantly higher engagement levels (P < 0.0001) in the flipped classroom compared to traditional non-flipped classes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hMuAlRi">A flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student's learning motivation and contributed to better learning outcomes in an adult-health nursing course</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_DdERPV5">the flipped classroom model provided opportunities for students to strengthen their self-directed learning capabilities, improved students' learning motivation, and to be a team player among third-year nursing students</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4C2i84u">Participants reported increased engagement with pre-class materials and in-class activities, leading to enhanced self-efficacy and responsibility for their own learning</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">Regarding nursing students' learning engagement, the flipped classroom was recognised as an active learning method which enhanced learning engagement</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_4C2i84u">the findings align with previous research, suggesting that the flipped teaching model fosters deeper learning strategies and improved student engagement in nursing education</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">A systematic review found that flipped classroom pedagogy enhanced learning motivation among nursing students, with two studies specifically reporting this outcome</snippet>, and it was recognized as an active learning method that enhanced learning engagement. <snippet id="S_WoOhIYy">Flipped classroom approaches also improved cooperative spirit and teamwork, which increased nursing students' interest to engage in learning</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hMuAlRi">A quasi-experimental study concluded that a flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student's learning motivation in an adult-health nursing course</snippet>, though it used a self-designed learning satisfaction questionnaire rather than validated motivation scales. <snippet id="S_4C2i84u">Evaluating nursing students' engagement in an online flipped virtual classroom, a study found significantly higher engagement levels (P < 0.0001) in the flipped classroom compared to traditional non-flipped classes</snippet>, using a modified questionnaire that assessed deeper learning engagement strategies and motivation. <snippet id="S_DdERPV5">Another mixed-methods study reported that an online digital audio-visual flipped classroom enhanced students' learning motivation and strengthened self-directed learning capabilities</snippet>. These studies provide evidence of motivation and engagement benefits but mostly lack validated instruments like MSLQ or IMI that the agent is seeking.
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<snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_k73yUWS">A transpiler, or source-to-source compiler, translates code from one programming language to another at the same level of abstraction while preserving the original program's structure and semantics</snippet>, whereas <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_zDcUgxx">a traditional compiler translates high-level source code into machine code or bytecode, which is not human-readable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4bXgkV6">Transpilers like Babel and TypeScript were essential for rapid adoption of ES2015 by the JavaScript developer community</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_887n0SH">they are usually generic and try to create code to run in any platform without making any code optimization</snippet>. <snippet id="S_43AdDCn">Rule-based transpilers exist for certain language pairs, but creating comprehensive systems for arbitrary languages remains difficult due to the vast number of translation rules required</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4bXgkV6">Important transpilers supporting Harmony included Traceur, which provided a high-fidelity implementation of ES6 semantics but had runtime overhead making it unattractive for production use</snippet>. <snippet id="S_887n0SH">Any code optimization must be done by the developer as transpilers do not make any code optimization</snippet>.
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A transpiler, also known as a source-to-source compiler, translates code from one programming language to another while preserving the original code's structure and semantics <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_eZn7gxg,S_k73yUWS,S_zDcUgxx">. In contrast, a traditional compiler translates high-level source code into lower-level machine code or bytecode, often involving changes in abstraction levels <snippet id="S_M1xN8mo,S_wXEfoqp,S_43AdDCn,S_zDcUgxx">. The key distinction lies in the level of abstraction maintained: transpilers focus on transforming code between similar abstraction levels (e.g., TypeScript to JavaScript), while compilers may alter semantics to optimize performance or adapt to hardware specifics <snippet id="S_wXEfoqp,S_k73yUWS">. While traditional compilers typically include optimizations like register allocation and target-dependent code generation, many transpilers are generic and do not perform code optimization <snippet id="S_887n0SH">. Transpilers historically enabled platform porting and are now commonly used for newer languages like CoffeeScript, TypeScript, and Dart that convert to established targets like JavaScript <snippet id="S_M1xN8mo,S_4bXgkV6">.
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<snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm,S_xkVmiob">N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been studied for its potential in treating cocaine dependence, with a total of six human trials involving 188 participants</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xkVmiob">NAC has shown promise in reducing cocaine craving and relapse in both animal models and early clinical studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that NAC significantly reduces craving symptoms in substance use disorders, based on pooled data from seven randomized control trials</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">the available data to be preliminary in nature with no significant results on primary outcomes of most included studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">In one large double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted with 111 cocaine-addicted treatment-seeking adults, N-acetylcysteine failed to affect abstinence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_2wIgMDs">Nine studies analyzing a total of 165 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative analysis, with five of these trials being double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FCE8VAT">Current evidence supports its use as an adjunctive therapy clinically for psychiatric conditions, administered concomitantly with existing medications, with a recommended dosage between 2000 and 2400 mg/day</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sML4Rp">Most studies have tested NAC as an adjunctive therapy rather than a standalone treatment, highlighting the necessity for clinical trials assessing its efficacy as monotherapy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">The authors only found the clinical usefulness of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of cannabis use disorder in young people</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">Subsequently, a newer randomised placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for cannabis use disorder published after the review also found no statistically significant evidence that the N-acetylcysteine and placebo groups differed in cannabis abstinence in adults</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm,S_2wIgMDs">Systematic reviews indicate NAC may reduce craving in cocaine dependence, but results from clinical trials are mixed, with one large double-blind placebo-controlled trial finding NAC failed to affect abstinence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNeToiq">A single 2400mg dose of NAC normalized elevated glutamate levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of cocaine-dependent patients within a randomized crossover study, suggesting acute neurobiological effects</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_xGhAX2g,S_7sML4Rp">current evidence suggests NAC is more effective for relapse prevention in individuals already abstinent from cocaine rather than producing immediate anti-craving effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xkVmiob">Animal studies show NAC reduces cue-induced relapse following chronic exposure, but human data on acute, single-dose craving reduction remain limited</snippet>. For alcohol, <snippet id="S_ww6Cnqm">none of the available snippets report human trials on acute NAC dosing for alcohol craving, with the review noting only 2 studies on nicotine and no specific alcohol craving onset data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xGhAX2g">A meta-analysis indicated NAC significantly reduces craving in substance use disorders overall, but the studies had heterogeneous methodologies and did not specifically establish acute onset timing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_vJYKp1p">Cyclic codes are a specific type of linear code characterized by their generator and parity-check polynomials, and the study of weight distributions for both irreducible and reducible cyclic codes presents complex challenges</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FWkVBMb">Most previous results obtained were for cyclic codes with no more than three zeros, and recently constructed classes of cyclic codes with arbitrary number of zeros have been studied</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GqwLLiT">Complete weight enumerators for linear codes have been extensively investigated, with limited literature available on the topic, and previous works have explored complete weight enumerators for specific codes such as Reed-Solomon codes and generalized Kerdock codes, as well as cyclic codes using Gauss sums</snippet>. <snippet id="S_OSfLJSq">The weight distribution, represented by A_i, indicates the number of codewords of weight i, and is crucial for determining the minimum distance and for error detection and correction algorithms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSeY5xR">The objective of this paper is to present linear codes over F_p with at most seven weights using the above two construction methods, and the complete weight enumerators of the two proposed linear codes are also calculated</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ShSKJoO">The paper discusses the weight enumerator and supports of linear codes, emphasizing their significance in decoding probability theory, and applies methods from Tsfasman and Vlǎdut to derive explicit formulas for these weight enumerators</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ka59DkP">A family of p-ary cyclic codes whose duals have three pairwise nonconjugate zeros is proposed, and the weight distribution of this family of cyclic codes is determined</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cHZjnSw">A Family of Five-Weight Cyclic Codes and Their Weight Enumerators</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JTNMdkx">The weight distributions of two classes of p-ary cyclic codes with few weights</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wfsp4OE">The weight distributions of a class of cyclic codes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FWkVBMb">In this paper, we determine the weight distribution for a new family of such codes. This is achieved by certain new methods, such as the theory of Jacobi sums over finite fields and subtle treatment of some complicated combinatorial identities</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_vJYKp1p>The weight distribution is crucial for evaluating error-detection and correction capabilities, and its study for cyclic codes presents complex challenges</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ka59DkP, S_FWkVBMb>Most existing results focus on specific families, such as cyclic codes with few weights or a limited number of defining zeros, where distributions are determined using specialized methods</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FWkVBMb>General computation is constrained by the fact that most prior results were limited to codes with no more than three zeros</snippet>. <snippet id=S_GqwLLiT>Evaluating weight enumerators involves significant challenges with limited literature available for the general case compared to specific constructions</snippet>. <snippet id=S_vJYKp1p>Consequently, the research landscape indicates that determining weight enumerators remains a significant area of study primarily for special families rather than a general polynomial-time solution for all cyclic codes</snippet>.
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