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<snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The White House fact sheet announces 25% additional tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico, and 10% additional tariffs on imports from China</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">Energy resources from Canada will be subject to a lower 10% tariff rate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The announcement specifies these measures are being implemented to address a national emergency from illegal aliens and drugs, including fentanyl</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The fact sheet references a November Presidential Memorandum where Trump promised to charge Mexico and Canada 25% tariffs on all products until drugs and illegal aliens stop entering the country</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The document also notes that previous administrations failed to leverage America's economic position as a tool to secure borders against illegal migration and combat fentanyl</snippet>. However, the provided snippet does not include specific effective dates for these tariff measures, which the agent's next search should address.
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<snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The White House fact sheet specifies a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, with energy resources from Canada receiving a lower 10% tariff, while China faces a 10% additional tariff</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The fact sheet notes that in 2023 the U.S. trade deficit in goods was the world's largest at over $1 trillion</snippet>, and that trade accounts for 67% of Canada's GDP, 73% of Mexico's GDP, and 37% of China's GDP. However, <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">this fact sheet does not include specific dollar trade values covered by the tariffs, any retaliation measures from Canada, China, or the EU, or quantitative economic impact estimates (consumer cost, inflation, GDP)</snippet>. The tariff announcement is dated February 2025 and cites the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as the legal basis. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The tariffs remain in effect "until such time as Drugs, in particular Fentanyl, and all Illegal Aliens stop this Invasion of our Country"</snippet> as per the presidential directive.
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<snippet id="S_7QgSGSe">The available scholarship discusses the interpretation of Orwell's slogans "War is Peace," "Freedom is Slavery," and "Ignorance is Strength" in terms of "discursive drift," which refers to shifts in meaning and stance associated with metaphors over time</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lgOMCo4">The term "doubleplus unfree" is cited as an example of the intensifying use of language from Orwell's Newspeak in Nineteen Eighty-Four</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iDUQY7x">Slogans are defined as brief and striking phrases that may include labeling and stereotyping, acting as emotional appeals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15dkzZt">The WANLP 2022 Shared Task on Propaganda Detection includes "Slogans" as a recognized technique alongside "repetition" and "thought-terminating cliché" for identifying persuasive language</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_7QgSGSe,S_hdLTlf5,S_NFQ0e6U,S_WxyOc9V,S_lgOMCo4">none of the provided search results contain specific scholarly analysis of the Party slogans as instances of doublethink or ideology control, or explicit CDA frameworks (Fairclough/van Dijk/Foucault) applied to Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tpXkvyW">One snippet mentions Charteris-Black (2004) examining metaphor in political discourse for projecting covert ideology, but this focuses on US presidential speeches rather than Orwell</snippet>. The search results do not provide the specific critical discourse analysis of the Party slogans and doublethink mechanisms the agent is seeking.
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<snippet id="S_7QgSGSe">The slogans from Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four—"War is Peace," "Freedom is Slavery," and "Ignorance is Strength"—are analyzed as metaphors that undergo discursive drift, where meaning and stance shift over time</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_iDUQY7x">slogans function as thought-terminating clichés that discourage critical thought by offering seemingly simple answers to complex questions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15dkzZt">These phrases operate as brief, striking terms that act as emotional appeals and may include labeling and stereotyping</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lgOMCo4">Orwell's Newspeak language engineering is exemplified by terms like "doubleplus unfree," which demonstrates the intensifying use of language for ideological control</snippet>. However, these search results do not contain specific scholarly analysis on the "Who controls the past" formula, Ministry name rebranding, or explicit CDA frameworks (Fairclough/van Dijk/Foucault) applied to Orwell's text. <snippet id="S_7QgSGSe">A significant portion of references to these slogans in media are secondary uses (73%), indicating their evolution as discursive artifacts rather than original texts</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_gsbJVy0,S_5VWgqHF">Eric A. Stach from the University of Pennsylvania served as MRS Vice President beginning January 1, 2024</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0">He will lead the Board of Directors as MRS President in 2025</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ZPx3NY5">the 2024 election results show Takao Someya (2024) in the position of vice president/president-elect</snippet>. However, there is some inconsistency in the sources regarding which individual held the concurrent Vice President/President-Elect title in 2024. <snippet id="S_Mcho4xl">The MRS announced Vice President and new Board Members for 2025</snippet>, but the specific 2024 leadership details require further verification from the official MRS publications.
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Eric A. Stach from the University of Pennsylvania served as MRS Vice President beginning January 1, 2024 <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0, S_5VWgqHF">. He will lead the Board of Directors as MRS President in 2025, following the standard VP/President-Elect transition <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0, S_5VWgqHF">. This confirms that Eric A. Stach was the 2024 Vice President and President-Elect who was scheduled to assume the Presidency in 2025 <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0">.
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<snippet id="S_3JECVB5">The OASIS STIX 2.1 format is a machine-readable, semi-structured framework for structuring and exchanging cyber threat intelligence (CTI) using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JYIyMdS">STIX 2.0 defines 12 STIX Domain Objects (SDOs), including 'indicator', 'malware', 'report', and 'vulnerability', each with specific attributes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3JECVB5">STIX Relationship Objects (SROs) define the relationships between these characteristics, with two types: one connecting two SDOs to highlight relationships (e.g., malware exploiting a vulnerability) and another identifying a specific SDO with evidential data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xa6M06B">STIX 2.1 introduced significant changes including a shift from XML to JSON serialization, with a flat structure where STIX Domain Objects (SDOs) are defined at the top level and relationships managed through STIX Relationship Objects (SROs)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lIvobvB">The indicator SDO specifically uses the pattern property to detail malware indicators within the CTI framework</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3TK690R">STIX uses a combination of observed data structures, indicator patterns, and relationship objects, which require UUIDs to establish connections between different objects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3M0PARM">In practice, STIX bundles can contain numerous entities and relations, with 75% of bundles including a Malware entity and 54% including a Threat Actor</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_3JECVB5,S_Xa6M06B">The OASIS CTI technical committee maintains STIX 2.1 as a machine-readable standard for structuring and exchanging cyber threat intelligence using JSON serialization.</snippet> <snippet id="S_JYIyMdS,S_06F1WZp">The framework defines STIX Domain Objects (SDOs), including specific types such as 'malware' and 'indicator', to describe characteristics of incidents and threat indicators.</snippet> <snippet id="S_JYIyMdS,S_lIvobvB">The 'indicator' SDO includes a 'pattern' property for detailing malware indicators, while data quality metrics can assess the connectedness of these objects.</snippet> <snippet id="S_3JECVB5,S_06F1WZp">STIX uses STIX Relationship Objects (SROs) to link SDOs, enabling representations such as a malware exploiting a vulnerability or an indicator referencing a threat actor.</snippet> <snippet id="S_Xa6M06B">Integration of CybOX into STIX 2.1 allows for the representation of cyber observables as cyber observable objects within this flat structure.</snippet>
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<snippet id=3d29ab62-0>Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran in the southwest of the country</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-1>Kohgiluyeh County is located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province with its capital being the city of Dehdasht</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-5>One 2024 FAO report mentions newly formed local and province level governments in the region</snippet>, though the specific county names are not provided in the available snippets. <snippet id=3d29ab62-2>The province is firmly situated in the Zagros Mountains from Denā Peak in the west to lower, warmer ranges</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-7>Recent 2024 studies continue to investigate agricultural productivity growth in the province</snippet>. However, the search results do not contain specific information about which counties were newly formed between 2020-2024.
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<snippet id=3d29ab62-5>The FAO report mentions "newly formed local and province level governments" in a general context, but does not specify particular counties formed in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province during 2020-2024</snippet>. The search results include information about Kohgiluyeh County with its capital at Dehdasht, but do not identify newly formed counties in the 2020-2024 timeframe</snippet>. No specific administrative changes or county formations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province during this period are clearly documented in the available snippets</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ywdgTkl">For the Trusted Computing Environment & Platform area, the project "可信计算环境与平台" won the National Science and Technology Progress Award Second Prize (二等奖)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UoGmAYk">For Virtual Reality & Digital Media, the project "虚拟现实与数字媒体——针对国家战略规划" won both the National Science and Technology Progress Award First Prize (一等奖) and Second Prize (二等奖)</snippet>. The project includes key tools such as the real-time 3D graphics platform BH-GRAPH and distributed interactive simulation support platform BH_RTI, with the distributed virtual environment DVENET also being developed in this area. <snippet id="S_ywdgTkl,S_UoGmAYk">These awards are documented on the official Beihang University School of Computer Science website</snippet>.
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针对虚拟现实与数字媒体方向，北京航空航天大学计算机学院研制了实时三维图形平台BH-GRAPH、分布交互仿真运行支撑平台BH_RTI及分布式虚拟环境DVENET，这些成果获得国家科技进步一等奖和二等奖<snippet id="S_UoGmAYk">。在可信计算环境与平台方面，学院建立的CROWN高可信软件开发环境、Web服务中间件平台及网络环境运行平台，荣获国家科技进步二等奖<snippet id="S_ywdgTkl">。这些研究面向国家战略规划及航空航天行业应用需求展开<snippet id="S_ywdgTkl,S_UoGmAYk">。
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<snippet id="S_C7vME7Z">A recent urban school-based cross-sectional survey in Nigeria found a lifetime gambling prevalence of 57.2% among students, with 77.6% having gambled in the previous 12 months</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ksMf31Q">Research indicates that demographic factors such as being young, male, single, educated, and engaged in full-time studies or employment are associated with higher risks of problem gambling among university students in Nigeria</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rqYsRo2">A Ghanaian study of 5,000 college students explored financial literacy in predicting financial behavior, which may relate to the prevalence of sports betting among university students in Nigeria</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sAPmmcf">Among respondents reporting sports betting, those who reported past-30-day sports betting were more likely to have a history of indebtedness (11 vs. 6%, p = 0.04), with higher levels of gambling problems compared to those not in active work or studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7jM1r4W">The Australian study found sports betting is more prevalent among men and younger individuals, with the risk of gambling problems increasing significantly with sports betting frequency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_d3zPQEk">The esports bettor study examined determinants among emerging adults in Great Britain, contributing to understanding factors influencing sports betting behaviors among university students in Nigeria, though specific data on that demographic is not detailed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zEaN2n7">USA research found that regular participation in sport-relevant gambling activities among adolescents was associated with a higher risk of gambling problems, with males participating more frequently than females</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_C7vME7Z">An urban school-based survey of 507 Nigerian students found a lifetime gambling prevalence of 57.2%, with 77.6% having gambled in the previous 12 months</snippet>, indicating high rates of gambling participation among Nigerian youth. <snippet id="S_ksMf31Q">Sports betting has gained popularity among university students in Nigeria, with demographic factors including being young, male, single, educated, and engaged in full-time studies or employment associated with higher risks of problem gambling</snippet>. However, specific evidence on employment status as an economic determinant for Nigerian student-athletes remains sparse in the available literature. <snippet id="S_sAPmmcf">Among recent sports bettors, those active in work or studies showed lower percentages (68% for online casino, 59% for horse betting) compared to non-gamblers, while past-30-day sports bettors had higher history of indebtedness (11% vs 6%)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iL4llG9">Research on emerging adults shows students comprised 59% of esports bettors in a Great Britain sample, with bettors more likely to live in deprived areas</snippet>, suggesting economic strain may be a relevant pathway. Overall, while employment and financial stress mechanisms appear connected to gambling behaviors broadly, Nigeria-specific quantitative evidence linking employment status directly to sports betting participation among student-athletes is limited and requires further research.
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<snippet id="S_N0JvFLC">The official Chatbot Arena Leaderboard can be accessed through LMArena at https://lmarena.ai/</snippet>, which uses over 3.5M votes to rank models. <snippet id="S_6IdzsAE">The leaderboard uses an Elo rating system based on anonymous voting data collected over specific weekly periods</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hhzNfal">The leaderboard has been updated multiple times, with the most recent multimodal update on 2024-06-27</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_831cvJ0">the current top model name, its specific Elo rating, and the timestamp of the latest update are not provided in these search results</snippet>. To identify the current best model, you would need to browse the official leaderboard page directly at https://lmarena.ai/leaderboard.
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The official Chatbot Arena Leaderboard is hosted at https://lmarena.ai/ <snippet id="S_N0JvFLC">where over 3.5M votes have been collected for model rankings. The leaderboard uses an Elo rating system based on anonymous voting data <snippet id="S_6IdzsAE">to rank large language models. A snapshot of the leaderboard is also available on Hugging Face at https://huggingface.co/spaces/lmarena-ai/lmarena-leaderboard <snippet id="S_831cvJ0">. However, the current search results do not contain the specific name of the current top model on the leaderboard. A direct visit to the official lmarena.ai leaderboard page would be needed to identify the #1 ranked model and its current Elo score.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gu69vHf">DESI findings indicate that dark energy has an equation of state w(z) crossing the phantom barrier (w < -1) for z > 1, with w0 > -1, suggesting evolving dark energy models that deviate from w = -1</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Cn1GhvJ">DESI+CMB data suggest a ≃ 3σ deviation from ΛCDM, indicating a potential phantom crossing at z c ≃ 0.45, where w(z) < −1, challenging standard scalar-field models of dark energy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_p938Lo0">Recent DESI results from the w 0 w a parametrisation suggest a phantom regime at high redshifts</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_ZCPd5ub">DESI DR2 BAO data favor a dynamical dark energy characterized by a phantom crossing feature</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_ZIWoomJ">the w 0 w a model is a phenomenological ansatz that is not based on a physical and self-consistent model of dark energy, with no obstacle to the phantom regime w < -1, which is unphysical in general relativity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_otM3Qb8">DESI measurements suggest dark energy may be evolving into the phantom regime with w(z) < -1, indicating potential deviations from the ΛCDM model, although current data remains inconclusive regarding the existence of a phantom crossing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9e2mrFy">The forthcoming datasets from DESI will likely play a crucial role in this process, offering the possibility to fill current knowledge gaps and afford a more detailed insight into the dynamics of dark energy</snippet>.
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DESI results indicate a preference for phantom behaviour (w < -1) over a significant redshift range, with a crossing to the non-phantom region at lower redshift <snippet id=S_ZIWoomJ>. DESI DR2 data suggests a potential phantom crossing at z_c ≃ 0.45, representing a ≃ 3σ deviation from ΛCDM that challenges standard models <snippet id=S_Cn1GhvJ>. The phantom regime w < -1 is considered unphysical in general relativity, motivating alternative theoretical frameworks <snippet id=S_ZIWoomJ>. Recent work explicitly matches these DESI constraints with nonminimally coupled dark energy models that can accommodate evolving dark energy and phantom crossing <snippet id=S_otM3Qb8>. Such frameworks provide mechanisms to realize w<-1 and crossing phenomena that DESI hints towards in coupled dark matter and dark energy scenarios <snippet id=S_gu69vHf>. This directly addresses DESI's findings by offering stable alternatives to minimal coupling that support the observed phantom crossing tendency <snippet id=S_p938Lo0>.
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<snippet id="S_RujXXPj,S_4mMdKmh,S_8bzg1KA,S_NDPofwS,S_Tg2CFEg">In pharmacology, margin of safety is defined as the ratio between the amount of drug that is lethal to 1% of the population and effective in 99% of the population, expressed as LD1/ED99</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NDPofwS">The LD1 represents the dose that elicits lethality in 1% of the population, while the ED99 represents the dose that elicits therapeutic effect in 99% of the population</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ITpLCrH,S_gWkoXUl,S_PNN5Uwr">However, the margin of safety can also be calculated using LD50/ED50 (lethal dose in 50% of patients compared with the effective dose in 50% of patients) as an alternative index</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KtkXCqd">The margin of safety is a function of cube root of ratio between LT50 and LD50 and one-hundredth of ED</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RujXXPj,S_4mMdKmh,S_8bzg1KA,S_NDPofwS,S_Tg2CFEg">The provided search results do not explicitly discuss conditions under which margin of safety cannot be calculated or is undefined</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_RujXXPj,S_4mMdKmh,S_NDPofwS,S_Tg2CFEg">The margin of safety in pharmacology is defined as the ratio of LD1 (lethal dose to 1% of population) to ED99 (effective dose to 99% of population)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8bzg1KA">This measure is also referred to as the Certain Safety Factor</snippet>. However, the provided search results do not contain information about conditions under which margin of safety "fails to appear" or cannot be calculated <snippet id="S_KtkXCqd">, and no snippet addresses when this definition is undefined or inapplicable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ITpLCrH,S_gWkoXUl,S_PNN5Uwr">Alternative measures such as the therapeutic index using LD50/ED50 are also mentioned</snippet>. <answer>
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<snippet id="S_X5s1Ifa,S_HKqSHCf">The study found that abstract avatars, particularly robots, led to a disconnection from reality and increased risky behaviors, whereas self-representations fostered a connection to the physical world and promoted cautious behavior</snippet>. <snippet id="S_X5s1Ifa">Visual fidelity did not significantly affect self-location or agency, but ownership perceptions favored doppelgangers over robots, with half of participants reporting altered reactions and strategies based on the avatar they controlled</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JIjtTEQ,S_XSKnvh7">However, the provided text did not detail specific findings related to "risky shift" in virtual reality avatars, as the studies focused on social anxiety and delusional beliefs rather than group polarization or post-discussion attitude extremity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_snWHiX5">Other applications of avatars in VR include therapeutic contexts like robot therapists for fear of heights and virtual patients for medical training, but these do not address group dynamics or risky shift phenomena</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SCx4OjQ">The discussion focuses on avatar dissimilarity and its impact on social interactions, but does not provide explicit evidence of group polarization or post-discussion attitude changes in multi-user immersive environments</snippet>. <answer>
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_X5s1Ifa, S_HKqSHCf">The search results indicate that abstract avatars (such as robots) can lead to increased risky behaviors compared to self-representations that foster cautious behavior</snippet>, which relates to the Proteus Effect where avatar appearance influences user conduct <snippet id="S_X5s1Ifa">. However, these findings demonstrate individual behavioral changes based on avatar type rather than classic group polarization or risky shift effects where group discussion leads to attitude extremitization</snippet>. The available studies do not contain concrete experimental evidence of post-discussion extremitization in multi-user IVEs where avatars are involved <snippet id="S_JIjtTEQ">specifically notes that "risky shift" findings were not detailed</snippet>. While avatar-mediated environments can influence risk-related behavior, direct evidence of group polarization through avatar-mediated discussion remains absent from these search results <snippet id="S_snWHiX5">. The research focuses more on how visual fidelity and avatar similarity affect embodiment and individual actions rather than group dynamics leading to polarization</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_uPQ5gEz,S_CBhXwnS,S_L4MYIrf,S_iDdAzGv">Nikola Tesla's Electric Arc Lamp patent was issued on February 9, 1886, with patent number US335,786</snippet>. <snippet id="S_s2HVIjN,S_ktaELRS">A related Electric Arc Lamp patent (US335,787) was also issued on February 9, 1886</snippet>, though this one focuses on automatic fail switches and reactivation mechanisms. <snippet id="S_yVKm3fu">This confirms the Electric Arc Lamp came after Tesla's Commutator for Dynamo-Electric Machines, which was issued January 26, 1886</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7dWRH62">Tesla's 1886 patents were for improved control of the feed of carbon rods in electric arc lamps</snippet>. <snippet id="S_uPQ5gEz">The patent describes improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps using electromagnets and lever mechanisms to separate and feed carbon electrodes</snippet>.
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<answer>
Nikola Tesla's Electric Arc Lamp patent, US 335,786, was granted on February 9, 1886 <snippet id="S_uPQ5gEz,S_L4MYIrf">. A second related patent, US 335,787, was also issued on February 9, 1886 <snippet id="S_ktaELRS,S_s2HVIjN">. The "Commutator for Dynamo-Electric Machines" was issued on January 26, 1886 <snippet id="S_yVKm3fu">. Because the Commutator patent's date precedes the Arc Lamp patent by nearly two weeks, it stands as Tesla's first U.S. patent by issue date <snippet id="S_yVKm3fu">. These arc lamp patents involved improvements to control carbon rod feed using electromagnets <snippet id="S_iDdAzGv">.
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<snippet id="S_cGRsAZI,S_IhbWqXF,S_Q1JiXuV">The episode is titled "Rhino Rocket with Tina Munjal, MD" and is part of Season 3, Episode 2 of "Stories from the World of Medicine" released on February 18, 2020</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cGRsAZI,S_IhbWqXF,S_Q1JiXuV">The guest is Otolaryngologist Tina Munjal, MD</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cGRsAZI">The episode is available on The Nocturnists Podcast website at https://thenocturnists.org/podcast/rhino-rocket</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IhbWqXF">Additional platforms include The Nocturnists main site at https://thenocturnists.org/storiesfromtheworldofmedicine</snippet>. <snippet id="S_C2IKgBh">The episode is also accessible through The Nocturnists Libsyn feed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NZ9gUn7">The episode features Tina Munjal telling a story about learning to be comfortable outside of her comfort zone</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_cGRsAZI,S_IhbWqXF">The episode "Rhino Rocket with Tina Munjal, MD" is Season 3, Episode 2 of Stories from the World of Medicine podcast by The Nocturnists, released on February 18, 2020</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cGRsAZI,S_IhbWqXF">The guest is Tina Munjal, MD, an Otolaryngologist who shares her medical story</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NZ9gUn7,S_arbvh0R">The story is about learning to be comfortable outside of her comfort zone</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cGRsAZI,S_IhbWqXF">The episode page is available at thenocturnists.org/podcast/rhino-rocket with illustrations by Lindsay Mound</snippet>. Runtime information is not available in the search results.
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<snippet id="S_btUw1xy">The controversial concept of de-extinction is discussed, particularly for species driven to extinction by humans, with functional proxies of these species suggested to be beneficial for ecosystems</snippet>. <snippet id="S_btUw1xy">Recent availability of genome data facilitates research on selection, adaptation, and genetic diversity, which is crucial for monitoring conservation status in poorly studied invertebrates</snippet>. <snippet id="S_btUw1xy">Cloning techniques like somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could enable the de-extinction of recently extinct mammals with preserved tissues</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_btUw1xy">these methods raise ethical and regulatory concerns</snippet>. The other search results focus on general conservation topics including extinction-risk assessments, evolutionary potential, and megafauna extinctions, but do not specifically address de-extinction terminology or proxy species concepts in recent 2022-2025 reviews.
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Based on the search results, explicit "de‑extinction" research from 2022‑2025 is limited in the provided snippets. <snippet id=S_btUw1xy>The controversial concept of de‑extinction, particularly for species driven to extinction by humans, suggests that functional proxies of these species could be beneficial for ecosystems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_btUw1xy>Cloning techniques like somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could enable the de‑extinction of recently extinct mammals with preserved tissues</snippet>. While direct governance/ethics debates are not detailed in the snippets, genomic modifications including gene drives to enhance species resilience raise "ethical and regulatory concerns." <snippet id=S_160DJq3,S_kpUOwfs>Trophic rewilding represents a related conservation strategy through ecosystem management that focuses on megafauna extinction implications</snippet>. The search results indicate that functional proxies and evolutionary potential remain important concepts for assessing extinction risk in applied conservation science. <snippet id=S_aQHGJDJ,S_yJ0bKZT>Integration of proxies into conservation decision‑making remains an important area for innovation in applied conservation science</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_4iZB0OB">The central baryon chemical potential of a neutron star at zero temperature is predicted to be 1319 MeV</snippet>, which is below the limits set by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. <snippet id="S_exyOPhA">The critical neutron chemical potential, which indicates the transition to a quark phase, lies between 1050 MeV and 1400 MeV at zero temperature</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dKTw9kz">The baryon chemical potential in neutron stars is expected to be in the GeV range</snippet>, though specific numerical values are not provided in the text. <snippet id="S_jARyMl0">The baryon chemical potential in neutron stars is typically in the range of several hundred MeV to a few GeV</snippet>, reflecting the extreme conditions present in such dense astrophysical objects. <snippet id="S_WRBepHG">In high-density environments, additional baryons such as Λ hyperons can emerge when their chemical potential condition (μΛ = μn = μp + μe) is satisfied</snippet>. However, none of the available snippets provide explicit tabular data or plots of μ_B as a function of density (n/n0) for β-equilibrated hadronic matter.
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<answer>
At zero temperature, the central baryon chemical potential of a neutron star is predicted to be 1319 MeV <snippet id="S_4iZB0OB">. Models of the hadron-quark phase transition indicate the critical neutron chemical potential lies between 1050 MeV and 1400 MeV at zero temperature <snippet id="S_exyOPhA">. In the context of beta equilibrium, baryon chemical potential values typically fall within the range of several hundred MeV to a few GeV <snippet id="S_BQ1tanr">. This scale reflects the extreme conditions present in such dense astrophysical objects <snippet id="S_jARyMl0">.
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<snippet id="S_e9zzIKc,S_GveNEie,S_37bk94m">The Bond 2012 Nature experiment involved 61 million Facebook users during the 2010 U.S. Congressional Election who received get-out-the-vote messages with social proof elements</snippet>, <snippet id="S_e9zzIKc">resulting in approximately 60,000 additional votes directly attributed to the message</snippet>. <snippet id="S_mXK3pZh,S_8SBonkH">The 2012 replication showed similar effects with about 90,000 additional votes, and the influence spread through networks to an additional 270,000-280,000 close friends of the treated who also voted</snippet>. <snippet id="S_e9zzIKc">The messages displayed images of friends who had already voted, encouraging users to imitate their behavior through social proof</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GveNEie">The study found that those exposed to the social message were more likely to vote compared to control groups, demonstrating the significant role of social influence in political engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gGLgZLn">However, the authors acknowledged very small effects from the information treatment, with the large sample size potentially misleading interpretations of statistical significance</snippet>.
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The Bond et al. 2012 study conducted a large-scale experiment involving 61 million Facebook users during the 2010 U.S. Congressional Election, where users were shown messages with images of friends who had already voted <snippet id="S_e9zzIKc,S_GveNEie,S_37bk94m">to assess social influence on voting behavior</snippet>. The results demonstrated that this social messaging approach increased turnout, with approximately 60,000 additional votes directly attributed to the message in 2010 <snippet id="S_e9zzIKc,S_mXK3pZh">and effects replicated in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election with about 90,000 directly mobilized voters</snippet> <snippet id="S_Z2mbNNa,S_8SBonkH">. Social influence spread through the network as friends of treated users were also indirectly influenced, adding approximately 180,000-280,000 additional votes in total across both elections</snippet> <snippet id="S_Z2mbNNa,S_mXK3pZh,S_37bk94m">. However, some researchers note that while the effect sizes were statistically significant, they were relatively small relative to the massive sample size <snippet id="S_gGLgZLn">. Despite this limitation, the study remains widely cited as evidence that online social networks can impact offline political behavior through interpersonal influence mechanisms</snippet> <snippet id="S_8SBonkH,S_I0UxhZS">.
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<snippet id="S_4LDk9pb">IGN explicitly confirmed the launch date for North America, Australia, and New Zealand as November 23, 2004</snippet>, providing a fourth independent confirmation from a major game outlet. <snippet id="S_mhE8bKy">GamesIndustry.biz corroborated this with a press announcement stating World of Warcraft would be in stores in North America on November 23, 2004</snippet>, launching simultaneously in Australia and New Zealand. <snippet id="S_3ft58Qe">Wikipedia states the game was released for the 10th anniversary of the Warcraft franchise on November 23, 2004</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_4am1dTv">IGN's 2010 article confirms World of Warcraft first launched in North America on November 23, 2004</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Iyt7Mpt">IGN's December 2004 article reports that Blizzard sold more in the first 24 hours than any other PC title, ever</snippet>, indicating the game was already a commercial success by that date. The minimal boxed answer is November 23, 2004.
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<snippet id="S_4LDk9pb, S_4am1dTv, S_Iyt7Mpt">World of Warcraft was officially released on November 23, 2004</snippet>, with the launch date confirmed for North America, Australia, and New Zealand <snippet id="S_4LDk9pb, S_mhE8bKy">simultaneously across these regions</snippet>. IGN explicitly reported that November 23, 2004 was the launch date in multiple articles from late 2004 <snippet id="S_4LDk9pb, S_4am1dTv, S_Iyt7Mpt">. This date is further corroborated by Wikipedia, which states the game was released on November 23, 2004</snippet> <snippet id="S_3ft58Qe, S_K0CkkAv>, and by Blizzard's own press announcements</snippet> <snippet id="S_6wNkGtZ, S_mn2djgd>. The release marked the 10th anniversary of the Warcraft franchise</snippet> <snippet id="S_3ft58Qe>.
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<snippet id="S_jYWskoE,S_q2ORi2Q">Cytokinin (CK) promotes axillary bud outgrowth, while auxin and strigolactone (SL) act antagonistically to inhibit it</snippet>, with auxin suppressing CK biosynthesis and enhancing SL production to maintain bud dormancy <snippet id="S_jYWskoE,S_XRhJBhI">. The key transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1) serves as a repressor of bud outgrowth that is upregulated by SL and auxin, but downregulated by CK</snippet> <snippet id="S_jLTk85S,S_gqi212y">. This regulatory network fine-tunes BRC1 expression through the interplay of CK, SL, and auxin, with auxin-mediated inhibition of bud outgrowth linked to increased SL synthesis</snippet> <snippet id="S_nFj5ih3">. SL biosynthesis requires carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD7/CCD8, also called MAX3/MAX4 in Arabidopsis), and loss-of-function mutations in SL receptors result in enhanced branching</snippet> <snippet id="S_Uuo070s">. BRC1 functions as a key integrator of pathways that suppress bud outgrowth, including those mediated by SL, auxin, cytokinin, and sugar</snippet> <snippet id="S_gLbtlMj">. This hormonal regulation is crucial for understanding shoot architecture in Arabidopsis and has implications for agricultural practices aimed at improving crop yield</snippet>.
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Cytokinin (CK), strigolactone (SL), and auxin form a regulatory network where auxin inhibits axillary bud outgrowth by suppressing CK levels and enhancing SL biosynthesis <snippet id=S_jYWskoE,S_q2ORi2Q>. Auxin promotes the transcription of SL biosynthesis genes, including MAX3/MAX4 (orthologs CCD7/CCD8), to synthesize SLs that suppress branching <snippet id=S_jYWskoE,S_nFj5ih3>. These hormones converge on BRANCHED1 (BRC1), a transcriptional hub where SL upregulates BRC1 expression to inhibit growth, while CK represses BRC1 to promote outgrowth <snippet id=S_gqi212y,S_gLbtlMj>. Consequently, auxin indirectly regulates BRC1 through these antagonistic factors rather than direct transport into the bud <snippet id=S_gqi212y>. BRC1 integrates these signals to suppress bud outgrowth, with mutants like amp1 showing enhanced branching due to altered CK levels and reduced BRC1 <snippet id=S_Uuo070s,S_gLbtlMj>.
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<snippet id="S_Y8Mojus,S_Gk4sG8w,S_5WLXO2p">Perplexity AI offers three pricing tiers: Free, Pro at $20/month or $200/year, and Enterprise Pro at $40/month or $400/year</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Y8Mojus,S_Gk4sG8w,S_5WLXO2p">The Pro version includes enhanced AI models like GPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and DeepSeek R1, with 300 daily searches and file analysis for PDFs and images</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Y8Mojus">The Enterprise Pro tier provides unlimited queries, 500 daily deep research capabilities, and advanced collaboration features with unlimited collaborators</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Gk4sG8w">The Pro plan is designed for professionals needing in-depth research and technical reasoning, with tools for generating compliance documents and client-ready materials</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yvm9XpN">Users find the Pro subscription valuable for research and casual searches, though some note limitations in programming support, long-form content generation, and file handling</snippet>.
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Perplexity AI offers three pricing tiers: Free, Pro ($20/month or $200/year), and Enterprise Pro ($40/month per seat or $400/year) with discounts for annual billing <snippet id="S_Y8Mojus,S_Gk4sG8w,S_5WLXO2p">. The Pro subscription includes access to advanced AI models like GPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Claude 3.7, plus unlimited Copilot queries, file upload for PDFs and images, and real-time web access <snippet id="S_Gk4sG8w,S_5WLXO2p,S_yvm9XpN">. Pro users also receive features like multi-step reasoning searches, deep research queries (3-300 daily depending on source), and Perplexity Labs for structured outputs <snippet id="S_Y8Mojus,S_Gk4sG8w">. However, some users report limitations in programming support, long-form content generation, and file handling compared to competitors <snippet id="S_yvm9XpN">. Enterprise Pro adds organizational file repositories, collaboration features, unlimited deep research (500 per day), and advanced security options <snippet id="S_Y8Mojus">.
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