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<snippet id="S_krnNJsl">Digital health equity training is recognized as important for healthcare professionals, particularly in telehealth and telerehabilitation contexts, to address socioeconomic gaps and barriers related to cultural, social, and digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">A narrative review highlights that telehealth may inadvertently exacerbate disparities for disadvantaged groups due to existing barriers, emphasizing the need for health equity in telehealth to ensure access for all individuals regardless of socioeconomic status</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Digital health equity training and cultural humility are identified as areas where health providers may lack competencies, with digital health technologies interacting with social, cultural, and economic realities to indirectly contribute to health equity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Structured, evidence-based training with ongoing professional development is emphasized to ensure competency in delivering telehealth services, particularly in rapidly evolving virtual environments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">Digital navigators—individuals trained to assist healthcare teams in implementing digital health technologies—require specific competencies and a proposed 10-hour training and certification process to support clinical teams effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">A framework based on the Four P's of Telehealth (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation) was used to identify and develop standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) can be applied to cotton seeds as a seed treatment, with studies testing doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">the application decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, or leaf area</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">MC is effective in controlling excessive cotton growth, significantly reducing plant height and node number in relation to its application rate, up to 45 g ha⁻¹</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">The effectiveness is influenced by temperature, with optimal growth occurring at 30 ºC during the day and 20 ºC at night</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC application increases leaf thickness, reduces leaf area, shortens internodes and decreases plant height, resulting in an extra dense architecture of the plant</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">Multiple studies also discovered that MC improved lint yield under higher plant population densities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications of MC are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel "The Joy Luck Club" centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934">The novel weaves sixteen interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934">Central themes include mother–daughter relationships marked by differing cultural expectations, with mothers' traditional Chinese values clashing with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">The narrative explores power, identity, and female agency across migration, with resolution coming through empathy and reclaimed histories</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">Stories move from resentment to partial reconciliation as daughters recognize their mothers' intentions and shared histories</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<snippet id="S_386ZR9h">A comprehensive snRNA-seq study of the adult mouse brain analyzed 4,388,420 nuclei from 92 anatomical locations, identifying 4,998 discrete clusters predominantly neuronal (97%) with approximately 90% saturation in cell type discovery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, particularly in the context of psychiatric disorders</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">A study sequenced ~80,000 nuclear transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex of MDD cases and psychiatrically healthy controls, identifying cell-type-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in predominantly two cell types: OPCs and deep layer excitatory neurons</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage and can be applied to archived frozen specimens, with nuclear proportion of total cellular mRNA varying from 20% to over 50% for large and small pyramidal neurons respectively</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">the available literature discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and single-cell RNA sequencing as a tool to investigate neural dynamics, but does not specifically detail ketamine or SSRi-induced transcriptional changes in PFC or hippocampus with scRNA-seq</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qnEFPDZ">The available datasets focus on cell type identification in motor cortex rather than drug-response mechanisms in prefrontal cortex or hippocampus</snippet>. The current search results provide general scRNA-seq methodologies for mouse brain regions but lack specific quantitative findings on ketamine/SSRI-induced transcriptional changes with timepoints and cell type specificity that the agent is seeking.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">The Netherlands has implemented supportive policies and frameworks including the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' allowing temporary use of buildings and integrating cultural history into land use plans, alongside a national adaptive reuse program with government commitment to heritage investment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">The study analyzed 53 adaptive reuse cases in the Netherlands since 2014, revealing a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, with 96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of adaptive reuse for preserving cultural values</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">Adaptive reuse avoids wasteful demolition and new construction processes, helping to reduce raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and environmental costs while curbing air pollutants and carbon emissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable Dutch projects include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices, demonstrating how adaptive reuse strategies foster social, economic, and environmental benefits in port-city regeneration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">Despite these advancements, there is noted disconnect between preservation of cultural values and perceived importance of circularity performance, with only 65% of cases reporting public engagement during early stages of reuse projects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7auStQm">The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation frameworks and policy instruments to better integrate circularity into building practices, addressing limited connections between heritage conservation and circular economy goals</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions was used to measure motivation in a blended teaching methodology study with 75 undergraduate students</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">the ARCS model's four motivational factors (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) were implemented to enhance student engagement in online environments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">A blended learning smoking cessation intervention significantly enhanced nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>, addressing barriers like lack of knowledge and inexperience. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">Senior nursing students (164 participants) were studied in South Korea during COVID-19, with motivation as a variable of analysis in their regular course</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">Blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners, enhancing nursing competencies effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">Blended learning in nursing education enhances academic achievement, student satisfaction, and cognitive skills, with factors such as instructional techniques and professor attitude influencing motivation</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">the study used a single-case study design with before, during, and after treatment surveys based on IMMS</snippet>, and while IMMS was validated for this context, <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">the research focused on IT in Business course participants rather than health professions specifically</snippet>.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">The MIMIC III dataset was mapped to an ontology using text refinement and Protege, then converted to RDF format through an ontology-driven mapping procedure before creating a knowledge graph using GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">This EHR knowledge graph implementation reduced query execution time to less than 0.15 s, enabling efficient retrieval and analysis of patient outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The system demonstrates potential to capture and visualize complex interactions in EHRs, significantly improving query performance and decision-making</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The ontology used in this approach was created using OWL in Protege, with RDF mapping procedures converting tabular data to ontology terms</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not specifically mention virtual knowledge graph approaches using semantic data dictionaries or linked codebooks as the primary mechanism for accessing medical measurement datasets.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical recycling, with lithium typically precipitated as lithium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Solvent extraction (SX) is widely used for selective removal of elements such as Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 30% when precipitation of other metals causes co-precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic precipitation with sodium carbonate with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating process temperature and stoichiometric factors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Ion exchange and membrane separations can also be applied for metal purification, with recent advances including tailored nanosorbents for lithium uptake</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Nanofiltration (NF) processes show promise for removing multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from battery leachates, improving lithium yield and reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">However, high lithium carbonate solubility (1.5 g/L) and high liquid to solid leaching ratios require costly operations to enhance lithium concentration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">Another Britannica entry indicates blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram, which for an 86 kg man equals approximately 6.7 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">The Britannica Kids page specifies that a 154-pound person has about 12 pints (5.5 liters) of blood</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">The Physics Factbook confirms that most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">Wikipedia also confirms that a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>. These multiple authoritative sources consistently place the average adult blood volume around 5 liters.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn in the bcc-derived I-43m phase has 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell, with the interstitial fraction ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</snippet>, indicating that tetrahedral displacement is integral to this cubic structure. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular and induce tetragonal distortion, as both octahedral and tetrahedral bcc interstices have reduced symmetry compared to ideal cubic</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs,S_u36TTzI,S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral interstitials in bcc systems are generally less stable than other interstitial configurations, with formation energies varying by material and charge state</snippet>. This confirms that alpha-Mn's I-43m cubic structure is a bcc-derived phase with significant tetrahedral-site occupation, similar to the cI16 lithium phase and superionic α-AgI that the agent was investigating.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD Phase 3 trial enrolled 1795 participants with early Alzheimer's disease who received either placebo or 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The primary endpoint was change in CDR-SB at 18 months, with lecanemab slowing decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed ARIA-H incidence of 17.3% in lecanemab versus 9.0% in placebo, with ARIA-E at 12.6% versus 1.7%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">The APOE ε4 allele significantly influenced ARIA risk, with non-carriers having the lowest incidence (ARIA-H: 11.9%, ARIA-E: 5.4%) compared to homozygotes (ARIA-H: 39%, ARIA-E: 32.6%)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty">Lecanemab also demonstrated greater reductions in amyloid-PET burden (−55.48 centiloids) and ADAS-Cog14 (−1.44 points) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VxjMD7K">Infusion-related reactions were the most common AEs in the lecanemab group at 26.4% versus 7.4% in placebo</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection</snippet>, with 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) recruited to explore the impact of study strategies on long-term retention. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) conducted a meta-analysis of interleaving effect with robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than in massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">The effectiveness of interleaving varies by material characteristics and retention interval length, with interleaving being most effective for learning material showing subtle differences between categories</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Presentation of related categorical material together may mitigate retrieval-induced forgetting, and spaced retrieval helps reinforce schema formation by solidifying the framework students form when learning the material</snippet>.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa,S_R0Q0yol,S_XwzmeRy">Serum and plasma exosomes contain diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer metastasis, with multiple studies reporting AUC values ranging from 0.631 to 0.9354 for various exosomal markers including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p showed an AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, with combination with CEA improving AUC to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b level was significantly down-regulated in CRC patients, with AUC in differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls reaching 0.830</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a have shown potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in serum of CRC patients and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC plasma compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Despite promising biomarker candidates, current screening tests remain inadequate with major obstacles including false positive or negative results and laborious procedures for early detection of CRC</snippet>.
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Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for performance and energy consumption in microservices, demonstrating lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in a brokerless architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC employs HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers, demonstrating superior performance being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission than REST</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">The DeathStarBench evaluation compared gRPC implementations in Go and Rust, measuring latency for 20 requests per second over 250 seconds, breaking it down into in-application and network processing times</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency, with 1.7× and 1.6× improvements in mean latency and P99 tail latency respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC achieves performance comparable to gRPC after switching to using protobuf + HTTP/2, performing 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. However, the available snippets do not provide explicit quantitative energy metrics (e.g., power consumption via RAPL or power meters) for these communication protocol comparisons in microservices.
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Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
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<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">The search results confirm that 2SLS with instrumental variables has been used to estimate the impact of public transport development on carbon emissions in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, with the number of public buses (including electric vehicles) and rail transit vehicles multiplied by passenger volume as the core explanatory variable</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">the instrumental variable used in this study is the number of post offices in 1984, not historical population</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another China study uses instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990 to address endogeneity in the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions</snippet>, but this instrument is for urbanization, not for the number of buses. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A different Chinese study uses the presence of a bus stop as an instrumental variable for off-farm employment, not historical population</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CQnAcl7">Some snippets mention lagged variables as instrumental variables in 2SLS, but these are for different dependent variables like sustainability reporting, not for bus counts</snippet>. <answer>
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Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that if X follows a continuous distribution with cumulative distribution function F, then the transformed variable U = F(X) follows a standard uniform distribution on the interval [0,1]</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">This transformation maps observations from the distribution F0 to the unit interval, with a variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">The PIT is applicable when the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the target distribution is tractable, and if the CDF or PDF of the distribution is defined, the PIT values will be continuous and uniformly distributed under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship between U and the random variable X is defined by U = F(X), where F is the cumulative distribution function of the desired distribution, allowing for the analysis of dependence structures and marginal distributions in hypothesis testing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">For discrete p-values, the convention states that a p-value whose associated null hypothesis is true stochastically dominates the uniform distribution on [0,1]</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing in SAGIN enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables vehicles to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which then decide whether to cache the required data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, equipped with cache storage to proactively store and distribute frequently requested content to terrestrial users</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SsNXzNl">Due to the highly dynamic network environment and complex multi-dimensional resource of SAGINs, real-time and energy-efficient resource allocation schemes are necessary, with deep learning-based optimization addressing limited energy supply of satellites and UAVs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_F19Wt1q">SAGIN expands network coverage across multiple domains—space, air, ground, and sea—facilitating efficient cross-domain interconnection and reliable communication even in scenarios where ground connectivity is compromised</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion and corrosion protective applications, offering high melting point and maintaining hardness, strength and wear resistance up to 900 °C</snippet>, with the corrosion resistance provided by the NiCr matrix and wear resistance from the carbide ceramic phase. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings exhibit better erosion–corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings due to fine-grain structure and faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings have been shown to possess good wear resistance at 500 °C, with optimal performance achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and sufficient fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Research has investigated load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF techniques</snippet>. However, the available snippets do not contain specific data on oilfield-relevant CO2/H2S brine conditions or high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings for downhole applications.
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<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_QJsPloF,S_fg0OhCM">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications</snippet>, <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">with SC-FDMA incorporating DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of the new standard for mobile communications long-term evolution (LTE) for UMTS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_J2hzkDn">The LTE radio access network uses Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), employing distinct RF carriers for each direction</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">data transmission occurring in 10ms frames, divided into ten 1ms subframes, each containing two slots with 7 OFDM symbols</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">The radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB), with 1 ms in the time domain and 180 KHz in the frequency domain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">Both techniques are integral to meeting the performance requirements of 4G wireless communication</snippet>.
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<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
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<snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">The search results identify challenges and opportunities for enabling secure database as a service using fully homomorphic encryption</snippet>, though no specific implementation details are provided. <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">One paper proposes a practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme that allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">Another study identifies that FHE can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data on the server side, returning encrypted matching answers in a result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">The system CryptDB is mentioned as an example of fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">However, the search results note that FHE allows SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud databases but is impractical due to high computational overhead</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">A secure database system using homomorphic encryption schemes was tested with recently developed homomorphic schemes enabling arithmetic operations on ciphertexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YK9KfW1">The system executes SQL statements on encrypted data without revealing content or record positions, though current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt and significantly higher than Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">The spin Hall conductivity of conductive α-W is approximately 3.5 times larger than amorphous W, with |σSHα-W| = 3.71×10⁵ Ω⁻¹ m⁻¹, enabling efficient spin–orbit torque switching for low-power applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">The CoFeB layer exhibits field-free deterministic magnetic switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² at zero field to ±2.80 MA/cm² at 10 mT, achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">The W/Hf/CoFeB/MgO multilayer structure enables transmission of spin currents generated by in-plane charge current in W to apply strong spin torque on CoFeB, with both antidamping-like and field-like components of spin torque exerted being of comparable magnitudes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jDO7JZm">The large spin Hall magnetoresistance in W/CoFeB/MgO structures is closely correlated to spin-orbit torque, confirming the mechanism for current-driven magnetic switching</snippet>.
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<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants including SSRIs, MAOIs, and tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies demonstrating a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">both forced and voluntary exercise increase cell proliferation in the hippocampus, with voluntary exercise boosting neurogenesis in adult mice, particularly those exposed to early life stress</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis can modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signaling, and the nervous system, with interventions like prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible to directly manipulate gut microbiota</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions including AMPK activators and PPARα agonists (e.g., fenofibrate) can enhance BDNF/CREB signaling, with both ketamine and physical exercise increasing AMPK activity to support neurogenesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine have drawbacks including short efficacy duration, while enhancing AHN can alleviate depressive symptoms through pathways like Wnt/β-catenin signaling</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">the effect of antidepressants and dietary interventions in adolescence remains to be fully understood</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans remains controversial due to limitations in tissue processing and the necessity to obtain brain tissue quickly post-mortem</snippet>.
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Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft Word uses the file mml2omml.xsl as an XSLT stylesheet to convert MathML to OMML, which is used internally in the background</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq">The OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet is also included with Microsoft Word for converting OMML into MathML</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">The npm package omml2mathml is a utility to convert from Microsoft's OMML to MathML, and it is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's OfficeMath documentation provides a listing of OMML elements and their exact or approximate MathML counterparts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">MS Office contains the file omml2mml.xsl, which can be legally redistributed with proper disclosure of the dependency</snippet>. However, the search results do not provide official Microsoft documentation confirming the mml2omml.xsl file is shipped with Office or detailed information about docx4j/OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words support for MathML to OMML conversion.
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Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding, with Coughlin et al. (2012) finding that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Studies on self-monitoring interventions in children with learning disabilities have shown effectiveness in enhancing mathematical performance, with tape-recorded self-instruction cues leading to significant improvements in problem accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists based on students' error patterns improved accuracy significantly during the intervention phase and remained high in subsequent evaluations</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">the available evidence primarily focuses on self-monitoring interventions for learning disabilities rather than specifically for intellectual disabilities with explicit self-understanding outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">The literature indicates that self-monitoring strategies are commonly used alongside other interventions like noncontingent escape access and picture activity schedules to support self-management</snippet>. The search results do not contain a specific study that explicitly connects self-monitoring to self-understanding using the exact phrasing requested, though multiple sources suggest self-monitoring interventions can enhance self-management and related outcomes in children with intellectual disabilities.
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<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2">The FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, with exceptions only for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">The FDA's enforcement priorities are explicitly not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, but rather a prioritized enforcement approach</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">The FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based electronic cigarettes on February 6, 2020</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement against flavored e-cigarettes left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products, indicating ongoing enforcement against unauthorized flavored cartridges</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">The triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment is explicitly applied to analyze government strategies and private sector responses in elderly care services from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment is proposed to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness for community-based long-term care programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L4yUklD">Member States are committed to ensure accessible, high-quality and sustainable health care and long-term care by promoting a rational use of resources through appropriate incentives for users and providers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's integrated home- and community-based systems for the frail elderly population show that expenditures appear to be decreasing as a percentage of GDP, with access to and quality of services remaining generally satisfactory</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_3hbno9x">long-term care systems face serious challenges including cost and affordability issues, geographic disparities, staffing difficulties, and infrastructure deficits</snippet>. The available evidence provides context for sustainability challenges and frameworks, but does not explicitly detail the statistical mechanisms of mediation or moderation in these contexts.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ">A floating photovoltaic (FPV) system consists of a floating device, mooring system, PV modules, DC/AC cables, and connectors, with key design factors including modularity, reliability, durability, protection, support structure size, ease of installation, and cost reduction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">The design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex due to numerous variables and constraints, with methodologies including genetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization approaches to minimize fatigue risk</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">Mooring lines ensure the flexibility and stability of the FPV system during severe wind and waves, with elastic mooring lines used to make the structure more flexible during varying water levels</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">The research includes a numerical model for evaluating the dynamics and displacements of various floating platforms under different weather and sea conditions, including wave height, period, and wind speed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">A typical floating solar PV system comprises five subsystems: the PV subsystem, floating platform, mooring subsystem, underwater cables for power transfer, and the electric power and control subsystem</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_o7Xj46N,S_hTDcmSA">none of the provided search results contain specific references to IEA PVPS Task 16, DNV-RP-0584, IALA guidance for marking offshore energy structures, or ship-generated wave loads on moored floating structures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8tiGRfz">The available literature discusses mooring and anchoring systems for floating offshore wind structures rather than photovoltaic applications</snippet>.
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The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, distinguishing them from employers, own-account workers, and contributing family workers. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">The classification includes six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">ICSE-18 further classifies workers into six statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment, with distinctions based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and varying proficiency levels in both languages</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">while EMI is believed to improve academic English proficiency, recent studies indicate outcomes are not consistently positive, with limited statistical evidence on its effectiveness in non-Anglophone contexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6">The rise of EMI in Russian universities is linked to internationalization efforts, positioning English as a necessary lingua franca for attracting international students and enhancing institutional competitiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">Russian universities also offer EMI programs alongside Chinese, German, Japanese, and other foreign languages as medium of instruction for international students</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hO67oBv">However, research indicates that without special care in delivery, varying levels of second language English ability can lead to low levels of student comprehension, learning, and satisfaction in EMI lectures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">Lecturers frequently employ strategies such as translation, code-switching, or code-mixing to address comprehension issues, though these methods may not always effectively bridge the gap</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zFkS0OO">The expansion of EMI in non-native English-speaking countries is driven by internationalization of higher education, with universities adopting EMI to attract international students and improve employability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_34tTZZm">The Bologna Process framework promotes EMI, leading to an increase in international programs that primarily use English, reinforcing the hegemony of English-speaking academic culture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h0u4Wyu">Institutional factors and learners' variables including motivation and L2 strategy use are statistically significant predictors of English proficiency, though secondary school medium-of-instruction is not a significant predictor at university level</snippet>.
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<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment and set in Istanbul</snippet>, with the plot following a computer expert who is framed via identity theft <snippet id="95020,28554">and must clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">The DVD Talk review exists but does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>, though <snippet id="20176">one review singles out the "music director" negatively</snippet>. <snippet id="28554">The composer is not identified in the supplied sources</snippet>, so the British composer criterion cannot be confirmed from these results. <snippet id="95020">The film was released as a loose sequel to the 1995 original</snippet>, matching the requested plot premise.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga system architecture and hardware registers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes detailed register summaries organized by alphabetical and address order, covering coprocessor hardware, playfield hardware, and enhanced chip set</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 provides system software documentation including Exec, Libraries, Devices, Intuition, and Graphics programming interfaces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA chipset documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution at 12-bit color depth, compatible with either PAL or NTSC video standards</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">The 2nd Edition manual covers A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines, while the 3rd Edition was edited on an Amiga 2500 running AMIX</snippet>. These documents provide authoritative reference material for understanding AmigaOS APIs, calling conventions, and hardware register maps needed for 68030 assembly programming.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Nanofluidic devices have been reported where solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior, providing an alternative for aqueous bioinspired memristive devices that are significant for neuromorphic computing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YkA1LR2">Digital neuromorphic hardware such as IBM's TrueNorth and Intel's Loihi emphasize the need for efficient synapse memory, with SRAM crossbar arrays preferred for higher throughput while analog systems may leverage next-generation memory like ReRAM and memristors for enhanced synaptic weight management in reservoir computing applications from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_uDjPxF7">A new artificial synapse compatible with single flux quantum Josephson junction circuits demonstrates spiking energy at sub-attojoule per synaptic event, significantly enhancing neuromorphic computing efficiency</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">The album won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, along with Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter"</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">It is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Robert Plant</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their earlier collaboration, Raising Sand (2007), was the duo's debut LP and earned major acclaim and several Grammy Awards</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">The second Alison Krauss–Robert Plant collaboration is titled Raise the Roof (2021)</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between carbohydrate mouth rinse (6.4% maltodextrin) and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol, though Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol which may provide a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Rollo and colleagues utilized a self-selected pacing LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding its effects on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">The effectiveness of carbohydrate intake is influenced by the individual's carbohydrate status, showing the most significant benefits in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar, particularly towards the end of a game</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">Despite the importance of carbohydrates, there are relatively few studies examining their effects on performance in intermittent sports, and existing research often lacks consistency due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>According to the search results, Captain Delauney was a role played in the West End hit "Erminie" in 1885</snippet>, but this does not confirm whether it was originated by an actress in London. <snippet id=391d2d98-1>Another search result mentions "The Sound of Music" with "The Sound of Music" but does not reference Captain Delauney</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-5>Additional results discuss "Captain Hollywood Project" as a Eurodance music project from Nuremberg, Germany</snippet>, which is unrelated to a theatrical role. <snippet id=391d2d98-8>One snippet mentions "Captain & Tennille" as a musical duo from the 1970s</snippet>, but this does not contain information about a character named Captain Delauney. The search results do not provide clear evidence of a musical role called "Captain Delauney" that was originated by an actress in London.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" was identified but the available snippet only shows the title without substantive content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG,S_CSlM2L8">Related reviews discuss regulatory pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery approvals, noting that indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein were initially approved for retinal and vascular flow applications before being adapted for surgical imaging</snippet>. <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key performance evaluation criteria for FGS systems include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, and simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Clinical translation challenges include regulatory barriers, safety assessments, and the need for further development to enhance optical resolution and capabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o">Novel fluorescent agents targeting tumor cells and their microenvironments are being developed through conjugation with tumor-specific antibodies, nanobodies, or peptides</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">no paragraph-level content from the target recommendations paper was found in the search results to ground clinical discussion questions with its specific reporting domains</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The paper titled "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" was identified, but the available search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper's abstract, methods, results, or discussion sections.</<snippet id="S_VjnoTeX,S_onh5WOE,S_nKW5KXm,S_HRINe1D,S_u8Vhij6,S_NiloWjk,S_m5a9xl5,S_CoFf8GZ,S_ausD8QJ">The other retrieved snippets discuss IAMs in different contexts, including their role in global environmental assessments, SDG trade-offs, and specific applications in London and Durban, but none provide the detailed technical contributions or empirical findings requested.</<snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">One snippet mentions IAMs integrate diverse sub-models across disciplines to quantify cause-effect relationships, but notes they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on underlying assumptions.</<snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs provide an integrated view of the global energy-economy-climate-land system and explore self-consistent transformation pathways, with Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) providing a common reference framework.</<answer>

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">The research indicates that to enhance adolescent recreational reading in secondary schools, it is essential to provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">Teacher support and strong relationships with educators are crucial for fostering a reading culture, with effective practices including promoting choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills has shown positive effects on adolescents' reading development, with successful initiatives like Scotland's First Minister's Reading Challenge demonstrating positive outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_xbJmN70">School librarians play a key role in supporting student literacy and reading engagement, with research showing that the presence of qualified school librarians in well-resourced school libraries is associated with benefits for students' literacy attainment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M9NC8Eo">A U.K. literacy survey indicated that middle adolescence (ages 14–16) is a critical period for declining positive attitudes toward reading and frequency of reading, highlighting the need for targeted interventions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_RLXmKuG">The EU AI Act categorizes AI systems into risk levels with specific transparency requirements for high-risk systems outlined in Article 13, mandating that systems must be "sufficiently transparent" to enable users to interpret outputs and understand the system's characteristics, capabilities, and limitations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK,S_WG0otDu">Article 14(3) mandates that human overseers must have the authority to decide against using the AI system, override its outputs, and intervene in its operation, including the ability to halt it safely</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">Article 11(2) allows for a unified technical documentation file that combines AI system details with existing EU MDR/IVDR documentation, including comprehensive information on design, architecture, data requirements, training methodologies, and performance metrics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3iocoPc">Article 4(2)(b) details that if an AI system is considered as high-risk, opaque, and complex, explainability is mandated from an EU court not within the system but to the AI deployer through an order to disclose proportional evidence such as logs, documentation, and datasets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E4eihUQ">General-purpose AI systems (GPAIS) are subject to high-risk obligations if they can be used in high-risk contexts or as components of high-risk systems, with the European Commission defining how these rules apply</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vzKoGDA">The AI Act contains disclosure obligations (Article 11, Annex IV) that apply only to high-risk systems, though some argue LGAIMs should be subject to two distinct transparency duties regardless of categorization</snippet>.
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<answer>
The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_soikqKO">Strava functions as a social network for amateur and professional athletes that enables users to log, monitor, and share fitness accomplishments through status updates, comments, and photos</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_soikqKO">The platform incorporates gamification techniques including challenges with digital badges and trophies to encourage repeated use and foster competition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_soikqKO">Users can access visualizations comparing their performance to past runs and friends, with features like segments and leaderboards that allow for social comparison</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1,S_ohmbRBN">Social comparison serves as a key psychological driver for motivation in fitness apps, with Strava specifically using this approach to boost user engagement through competitive challenges and self-monitoring</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">However, research indicates that many Strava users selectively share data, often withholding metrics like heart rate and wattage while opting for basic information such as segment times and elevation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">This selective sharing reflects a desire for self-validation and an awareness of how others perceive their data, suggesting privacy considerations around potential scrutiny of profiles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_47DnIT5">Studies recommend that fitness app designers support persuasive features like Goal-Setting, Self-Monitoring, and Competition to foster intrinsic motivation and accountability in socially oriented users</snippet>.
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<answer>
Strava employs social features such as challenges, leaderboards, and digital badges as core gamification techniques to encourage repeated use and foster a sense of community among its 36 million active users <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb">. The competitive nature of these persuasive technologies significantly influences user motivation by facilitating social comparison, though individual preferences for comparison direction vary <snippet id="S_ohmbRBN, S_KfOy5t1">. To manage privacy and self-presentation, users often selectively share data, withholding specific metrics like heart rate to avoid potential profile scrutiny <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">. Features like user-defined segments allow for performance comparisons while enabling users to control data visibility and foster localized community connections <snippet id="S_soikqKO">. Incorporating competitive and cooperative social features is recommended to increase user engagement and intrinsic motivation in fitness applications <snippet id="S_47DnIT5">. However, current implementations largely overlook nuanced psychological theories regarding social comparison, which could otherwise enhance engagement further <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1">.
</answer>