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<snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">Human motor performance varies depending on the time of day, with maximum performance reaching around 6:00 p.m.</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">Grgic et al. (2019) concluded that the hypertrophy adaptations were similar regardless of the time of day the training sessions were located</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rtPxhtT">The review indicates that the time of day for resistance training (morning vs. evening) does not significantly affect increases in muscle strength and mass, as both timings yield similar results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HhyT8Rz">Research indicates that the time of day for strength training can influence performance, particularly in relation to an individual's chronotype (morning, evening, or neither)</snippet>, with morning training tending to reduce diurnal variation in performance while evening training enhances it. <snippet id="S_JKFS2Wu">However, conflicting evidence suggests that strength training in the evening may lead to greater muscle hypertrophy compared to morning training, with a 24-week study showing larger muscle cross-sectional area in men</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">These findings could be partially explained by similar levels of p70S6K phosphorylation observed after strength training performed in the morning or afternoon</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">The time of day for strength and hypertrophy training should be based on personal preference, although more research appears to be needed to really verify if differences exist between training in the morning vs. evening hours</snippet>.
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Umbrella reviews indicate that increases in muscle strength and mass do not significantly differ between morning and evening resistance training <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT,S_SvIkmlU>. Acute performance metrics typically peak around 6:00 p.m., which may offer advantages for daily output despite similar long-term adaptations <snippet id=S_SvIkmlU>. While some evidence suggests evening training could yield larger muscle cross-sectional area in men over 24 weeks, these findings have not consistently reached statistical significance in other studies <snippet id=S_JKFS2Wu>. Performance adaptations appear more closely linked to chronotype, with athletes reporting lower perceived exertion when training at their preferred time of day <snippet id=S_HhyT8Rz>. Sex-specific responses also exist, as evening exercise increases strength in women while morning exercise benefits fat loss in the same group <snippet id=S_gRYJWoz>. Therefore, experts recommend selecting training times based on personal preference to maximize adherence given the lack of clear superiority between schedules <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT>.
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<snippet id="S_krnNJsl">Digital health equity training for healthcare professionals is essential to address socioeconomic gaps and barriers related to cultural, social, and digital literacy in accessing virtual care</snippet>, with the Association of American Medical Colleges reporting that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Disadvantaged groups often face poorer health outcomes and lack the resources necessary for effective telemedicine use, such as broadband internet access and digital literacy</snippet>, highlighting the need for health equity in telehealth to ensure all individuals can access necessary medical treatment <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">. </snippet>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, requiring competency frameworks like the Four P's of Telehealth framework (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation) <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">to guide curriculum development, practice, and future research related to telehealth</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Health providers may also lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity as well as the cultural humility to understand how their patients and communities may experience or interact with technology</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">digital navigators—individuals trained to assist healthcare teams in implementing digital health technologies—require specific competencies in digital health</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>, with structured, evidence-based training needed to ensure competency in delivering telehealth services <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">. </snippet>
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) can be applied to cotton seeds, with studies testing doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">the application decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, or shoot:root ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, seed-applied MC is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">application increasing leaf thickness, reducing leaf area, and shortening internodes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Environmental temperature significantly influences efficacy, with optimal growth at 30 ºC during the day and 20 ºC at night</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications are typically employed starting when the first bud reaches 3 mm diameter</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Doses up to 45 g ha⁻¹ are effective, with linear decreases in node number, height, and leaf area growth rate from 0 to 30 µg g⁻¹</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The story weaves sixteen interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Central themes include cultural and generational conflict as mothers' traditional Chinese values and traumatic pasts clash with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">The novel explores mother‑daughter relationships marked by differing cultural expectations, language/expectation conflicts, and unmet expectations</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Stories move from resentment to partial reconciliation as daughters recognize their mothers' intentions and shared histories</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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The provided search results do not contain specific evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) after antidepressant administration. The snippets primarily discuss general technical advantages of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) for brain tissue analysis <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage, does not appear to suffer cell isolation-based transcriptional artifacts, and can be applied to archived frozen specimens</snippet>, and describe comprehensive cell type atlases of the adult mouse brain <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">The study utilized high-throughput single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to analyze cell type composition in the adult mouse brain, focusing on 92 anatomical locations from 55 mice</snippet>. Some results mention WNT signaling and synaptic gene expression in the prefrontal cortex <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">The study focuses on the impact of WNT signaling on cortical neuronal spine maturation and synaptogenesis in Tbr1 mutants, with implications for understanding neuronal development in the context of ketamine effects on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus</snippet>, but none report direct findings on ketamine or SSRIs. The available data emphasize the importance of these technologies for psychiatric disorders generally <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, particularly in the context of psychiatric disorders</snippet>, without providing the specific drug response signatures requested.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by a framework of supportive legislation, including the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that allows temporary use of buildings and integrates cultural history into land use planning</snippet>, alongside a national adaptive reuse program with government commitment to heritage investment <snippet id="S_vKl66cs">. Public participation in heritage-related decision-making has gained importance through the European Faro Convention adoption, with 65% of cases reporting public engagement during early stages of reuse projects</snippet> <snippet id="S_R69NOII">. The economic recession from 2008 to 2014 prompted a shift from state funding to private and civic investments, with private ownership in projects increasing from 45% to 89%</snippet> <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">. This shift has fostered a favorable environment for adaptive heritage reuse, with 96% of stakeholders affirming its importance for preserving cultural values</snippet> <snippet id="S_R69NOII">. However, there is noted disconnect between preservation of cultural values and perceived importance of circularity performance, with circularity focus primarily at the physical building level neglecting socio-economic aspects</snippet> <snippet id="S_R69NOII">. Environmental benefits include reduced raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions, with the Netherlands aiming for 50% circularity in the building sector by 2030</snippet> <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">. Despite these advantages, adaptive reuse is still viewed unviable by some decision-makers due to economic constraints and regulatory limitations</snippet> <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">. The study developed an evaluation framework to better integrate circularity into building practices, applicable beyond the Netherlands</snippet> <snippet id="S_7auStQm">. Specific quantified impacts on local jobs, social inclusion, or embodied carbon figures are not detailed in the available snippets</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied to enhance motivation in online blended learning environments, with a study using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions to measure students' motivation before, during, and after treatment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">This research found that ARCS-based blended teaching methodologies enhanced and/or sustained students' motivation and kept the subject interesting in an online environment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">Blended learning interventions in nursing education have been shown to significantly enhance nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">However, other studies on online learning in nursing have focused on different constructs such as knowledge of motivation or interprofessional learning rather than using ARCS/IMMS instruments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tpeYzYE">The German RIPLS version was used to measure readiness for interprofessional learning in health care students and professionals, though this is a separate instrument from the IMMS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lC2vafv">A study on interprofessional communication skills training used online teaching materials with a questionnaire, but did not specifically report using ARCS/IMMS measures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">While blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners, the specific application of ARCS/IMMS instruments in nursing contexts remains limited</snippet>.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have emerged as a powerful tool for capturing and representing complex relationships within electronic health records (EHRs), with implementations mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using tools like Protege and GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">This approach enables efficient data analysis through SPARQL queries, demonstrating that knowledge graphs can effectively capture semantic relationships within EHRs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 s, enhancing decision-making and allowing integration of patient-generated data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">However, the provided search results do not specifically mention semantic data dictionaries (SDD) or linked codebooks as the mechanisms enabling this virtual knowledge graph access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">While related work on EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems exists, the specific evidence for SDD or linked codebook frameworks in this context is not present in the available snippets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The study describes the ontology creation, RDF mapping procedure, and knowledge graph building process, but does not explicitly reference semantic data dictionary or linked codebook approaches</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical recycling, with the first step of leaching capable of transferring over 99% of present metals to the leach solutions</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">the precipitation of other metals can result in the co-precipitation of lithium, causing total lithium losses up to 30%</snippet>. To prevent such losses, <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are used to selectively remove elements, such as Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, with solvent extraction (SX) reducing overall lithium losses to 15%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Chemical precipitation, cementation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, or membrane separations can be applied for this step</snippet>, with selective solvent extraction widely used where immiscible organic extractants transfer targeted metals. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">The classic method of precipitation of lithium from pregnant leaching liquors with sodium carbonate is the state of the art</snippet>, though alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate are being investigated. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant technical and economic challenges with high energy consumption and acid waste production</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration (NF) processes can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from battery leachates, improving lithium yield</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GYt108D">Hydrometallurgy is more suitable for recycling spent LIBs with single chemical composition, operating below 100°C with low equipment investment cost</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, though this range is broader than the commonly cited average. <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">The blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres [7 quarts] for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>, which equals roughly 5 liters for an average adult. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult, who is between 150 to 160 pounds, as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood percentage by weight</snippet>. While Britannica provides this information, the most precise average cited across multiple authoritative sources is approximately 5 liters for an adult human.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn is described as a bcc derived I-43m phase with tetrahedral sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 and there are 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>. This provides direct evidence of tetrahedral-site environments in a cubic bcc-derived framework with reduced symmetry. The I-43m space group represents a distortion of the ideal BCC (Im-3m) symmetry, consistent with the agent's search criteria for near-BCC structures with tetrahedral features. Other search results discuss tetrahedral interstitials in bcc lattices generally, but only S_AMKgb7w explicitly links this specific phase to tetrahedral displacement in a bcc-derived cubic framework.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">CLARITY AD enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 into a 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab arm (n = 898) or placebo arm (n = 897)</snippet>, with the primary endpoint being the change from baseline on the CDR-SB at 18 months. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">Lecanemab slowed decline on the CDR-SB by 0.45 points (+ 1.21 point change) compared with placebo (+ 1.66 point change)</snippet>, representing a 27% relative effect. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">Amyloid PET plaque levels were reduced on lecanemab (− 55.48 centiloid change) versus placebo (+ 3.64 centiloid change)</snippet>, with ARIA-H incidence of 17.3% and ARIA-E incidence of 12.6% in the lecanemab dosage arm. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">Non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele in the lecanemab arm had the lowest incidence of ARIA-H (11.9%) and ARIA-E (5.4%); ε4 heterozygotes had a higher incidence of both (ARIA-H: 14%; ARIA-E: 10.9%). APOE ε4 homozygotes had an incidence of ARIA-H and ARIA-E in 39% and 32.6%, respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ipB4qty">The incidence of ARIA-E was 12.5% with lecanemab and 1.7% with placebo. The incidence of ARIA-H was 17% with lecanemab and 8.7% with placebo</snippet>, with isolated symptomatic ARIA-H at 0.7% and symptomatic ARIA-E at 2.8% in lecanemab versus 0% in placebo. <snippet id="S_VxjMD7K">The most common adverse events (> 10%) in the lecanemab group in Clarity AD were infusion reactions (lecanemab:26.4%;placebo:7.4%),ARIA-H (combined superficial siderosis and cerebral microhemorrhages; lecanemab:16.9%;placebo:8.9%),ARIA-E (lecanemab:12.6%;placebo:1.7%),headache (lecanemab:11.1%;placebo:8.1%),and fall (lecanemab:10.4%;placebo:9.6%)</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection</snippet>, with 150 Dutch students recruited from research universities and applied sciences to explore study strategies on long-term retention. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">In their meta-analysis of the interleaving effect, Brunmair and Richter (2019) found robust evidence that interleaved is more effective than blocked, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than their performance in massed study in the short and long-term retention conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaved presentation of related categorical material together may mitigate retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF), and interleaved is shown to be successful even though it is unpopular with students</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Interleaved is most effective for learning material that shows subtle, rather than pronounced, differences between categories</snippet>.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Serum exosomal CEA demonstrates superior diagnostic value with an AUC of 0.9354 compared to conventional serum CEA (AUC 0.8557) for predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieves an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 show AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB (AUC 0.871) and b2-GP1 (AUC 0.834) demonstrate higher discriminatory power compared to conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p shows an AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, with combination with CEA improving accuracy to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b is significantly down-regulated in CRC patients, with an AUC of 0.830 achieved in differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, miRNA-23a, and miRNA-139-3p, let-7b-3p, miRNA-145-3p show potential as diagnostic biomarkers with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 is overexpressed in CRC patients and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes are significantly upregulated in CRC plasma compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes serve as liquid biomarkers mirroring parental tumor cell contents, though circulating exosomal markers in serum have yet to be developed for CRC detection</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">gRPC could become dominant in the future thanks to the adoption of the HTTP/2 protocol and to the use of Protobuf as the payload format</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The proposed IoHT-MBA platform utilizes a brokerless architecture with the gRPC protocol, which demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">The study measures latency for 20 requests per second over 250 seconds, breaking it down into in-application and network processing times</snippet>, with results indicating that the Rust implementation closely mirrors the latency of the original Go implementation, with both showing similar latency contributions from gRPC. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling achieves performance comparable to gRPC after switching to using protobuf + HTTP/2</snippet>, with mRPC still performing 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core. However, <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs">there are many communication infrastructures such as gRPC, REST, graphQL, publish/subscribe</snippet> available for microservices, and the best choice of the right communication protocol depends on many factors including the context. <snippet id="S_DuAkisQ">gRPC is highlighted as the most comprehensive protocol, particularly effective for standardizing service communications across different technologies and programming languages using protocol buffers</snippet>. While these studies provide performance comparisons, <snippet id="S_ywHowou">the MSN framework emphasizes performance, scalability, and compliance with 5G standards</snippet> through RESTful APIs for microservices-based SDN controllers.
</answer>

<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">A study on public transportation and carbon emissions in 30 Chinese provinces uses the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable with 2SLS to address endogeneity, but it does not employ historical population as an instrumental variable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable for urbanization, not for bus counts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A study on digital technology innovation uses the number of post offices in 1984 as an instrumental variable, which is unrelated to bus supply</snippet>. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A study on female employment and fertility uses the presence of a bus stop as an instrumental variable, which is also not related to provincial bus fleet data</snippet>. None of the provided search results contain explicit evidence that researchers have used historical population as an instrumental variable specifically for the number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that for any continuous random variable X with cumulative distribution function F, the transformed variable U = F(X) follows a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_njVYIe9">This property is formally proven by showing that as sample size approaches infinity, the transformed variable U = F(X) converges to a uniform distribution on (0,1)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">The PIT is applicable when the CDF of the target distribution is tractable, and it converts sampled values from an unknown continuous distribution into a uniform distribution on (0,1)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transformed values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">For discrete p-values, the convention is that a p-value whose associated null hypothesis is true stochastically dominates the uniform distribution on [0,1]</snippet>. However, the specific formula for two-sided p-values (2 min(U, 1−U)) and highest-density region (HDR) definitions are not explicitly stated in these search results.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Remote sensing satellites leverage their extensive coverage to broadcast cached sensor data, enabling global awareness for users</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services for terrestrial vehicles in remote areas</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">The satellites transmit the required data to vehicles and decide if to cache the required data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model involving both satellite-to-UAV and UAV-to-GU communications allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and serve multiple ground users simultaneously</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ajCseb7">SAGIN is emerging as a key architecture for 6G networks, with UAVs at the aerial network layer assisting in communication, computing, and caching for ground networks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks to enhance edge caching strategies and improve user experience</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion and corrosion protective coatings in industrial applications, offering greater corrosion and oxidation resistance with a high melting point and maintaining hardness up to 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">The corrosion resistance in Cr3C2–NiCr coatings is provided by the NiCr metal matrix while the wear resistance is mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings possess low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good wear resistance at 500 °C, with optimal performance at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet coatings exhibit better erosion–corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings due to their fine-grain structure and faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF have been investigated</snippet>. However, the provided search results do not contain specific data on WC–Co hardfacings or HVOF WC–Co/Cr3C2–NiCr systems for downhole tools, nor do they include information on high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings or PVD/CVD CrN/CrAlN layers.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_QJsPloF,S_fg0OhCM,S_0mTkMYt,S_CjscVjT,S_ufhk6e0,S_J2hzkDn">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA incorporating DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of the new standard for mobile communications long-term evolution (LTE)</snippet>, replacing the costly time-domain equalization of TDMA or CDMA with simpler frequency equalization. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">The LTE radio access network uses Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), employing distinct RF carriers for each direction</snippet>, with data transmission occurring in 10ms frames divided into ten 1ms subframes. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">The radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB), which contains 1 ms in the time domain and 180 KHz in the frequency domain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0mTkMYt">In 3GPP LTE Release 13, the frequency domain divides the available bandwidth into subcarriers of 15 KHz, with the minimum allocatable resource being a physical resource block pair (PRBP)</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Research on enabling secure database as a service using fully homomorphic encryption has been explored, though specific implementation details are limited</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB demonstrate encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that match plaintext operations while maintaining user privacy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">A relational database system based on homomorphic encryption schemes was presented that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance discourages practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">However, fully homomorphic encryption for SQL queries in cloud databases remains impractical due to high computational overhead, with order-preserving encryption (OPE) being a more viable alternative for range queries</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">Conceptual work shows that FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR on ciphertexts can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data, returning encrypted matching answers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">FHE applications for database querying are studied systematically, with research identifying what FHE can and cannot do well for supporting general database queries at a conceptual level</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YK9KfW1">Current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes, indicating a need for more efficient encryption schemes and potential optimizations like parallel processing and SQL circuit encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">Some research proposes order-preserving homomorphic encryption (FHOPE) schemes that allow cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption, though these are not fully homomorphic schemes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oMwLrsm">FHE enables privacy-preserving database queries in cloud services, allowing users to query sensitive data without revealing their information while ensuring data security and correctness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YCCuRuG">The practical use of FHE for database queries is limited due to high resource demands, while partial homomorphic encryption (PHE) has seen some implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">For queries without fixed answer sizes, it is not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer, instead the answers can be constructed from the result buffer with overwhelming probability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">FHE can help preserve customer privacy while outsourcing various kinds of computation to the cloud, besides storage</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al discuss using homomorphic encryption for supporting general database queries at a conceptual level, showing how to use homomorphic encryption for supporting general database queries at a conceptual level</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however not guaranteed all matching answers will be correctly constructed from the result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">It is further observed in [22] that for queries without fixed answer sizes, it is however

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">W/CoFeB/MgO exhibits high spin-torque efficiency, with α-W showing ≈0.20–0.50 efficiency and spin Hall conductivity of 3.71×105 S/cm</snippet>, making it a potential candidate for low-power consumption spin-orbit torque memory applications. <snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">The spin Hall angle of W is 0.21 ± 0.01, with large spin Hall magnetoresistance of about 1% observed in W/CoFeB/MgO samples</snippet>, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">This enables sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range with critical switching current density from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm²</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jDO7JZm">Large spin Hall magnetoresistance and its correlation to the spin-orbit torque in W/CoFeB/MgO structures</snippet> confirms the strong correlation between SMR and spin-orbit torques, supporting efficient switching. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established with a Hf spacer layer, enabling current-driven magnetic switching with both antidamping-like and field-like components from the spin Hall effect</snippet>. However, explicit energy-per-bit values of <10 fJ/bit and direct sub-ns switching (<1 ns) claims remain in the literature but are not explicitly quantified in these specific snippets.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">Classic antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">Multiple exogenous factors also influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, including diet, stress, antidepressant treatment, exercise, and environmental stimuli</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The gut microbiota can modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">Exercise has been shown to enhance cognitive functions, spatial learning, and memory while reversing stress-induced behavioral changes, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">Enriched environments (EE) significantly enhance neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">PPARα is identified as a target for antidepressants, enhancing BDNF/CREB signaling, with fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, alleviating stress-induced depression-like behaviors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK also plays a significant role in upregulating BDNF signaling, with both ketamine and physical exercise increasing AMPK activity</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">the effect of antidepressants and dietary interventions in adolescence remains to be fully understood</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">the existence of hippocampal neurogenesis during adulthood remains controversial in humans due to limitations such as tissue processing</snippet>.
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Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<snippet id="S_pgimEba">The file mml2omml.xsl is used as an XSLT to convert MathML to OMML in the background</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_WCeewzq">Microsoft Word includes the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet for converting OMML into MathML</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">MS Office contains the omml2mml.xsl file, and users can inquire about legal redistribution</snippet>, indicating these XSLTs are officially shipped with Office. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">The npm package omml2mathml is a utility to convert from OMML to MathML, which is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. However, the search results do not provide comprehensive documentation on all requested tools including docx4j, Pandoc, Aspose.Words, or detailed user workflows for in-Word conversion.
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Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Coughlin et al. (2012) finding that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">the available evidence emphasizes self-monitoring for behavior management rather than explicitly linking it to self-understanding outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated self-monitoring interventions on elementary students with learning disabilities, using a multiple baseline design</snippet>, but this study focuses on learning disabilities rather than intellectual disabilities specifically. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) found tape-recorded self-instruction cues improved math performance, with students marking their work with plus/minus signs</snippet>, though this intervention targeted learning disabilities. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists based on error patterns led to accuracy improvements in subtraction problems</snippet>, but again this research focuses on learning disabilities. <snippet id="S_gXD3los">Washington et al. (2012) emphasized teaching self-advocacy and self-determination skills</snippet>, which relates to self-understanding but does not specifically report self-monitoring interventions. The search results do not contain a clear, direct study with explicit outcome wording connecting self-monitoring to self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities.
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Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
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<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP">The FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, with exceptions only for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl,S_Igxcgdq">This policy effectively restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are explicitly not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS overall</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, particularly those appealing to youth</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MMGoou2">Retailers are prohibited from selling any flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products other than tobacco- or menthol-flavored ones</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">The triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment is applied to enhance long-term care sustainability under government strategies</snippet>, with public institutions in Shanghai showing better service quality than private ones. <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment is used to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet> for community-based long-term care programmes. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances</snippet>, requiring consideration of affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and environmental impacts. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's integrated home- and community-based systems show that long-term care expenditures leveled off and decreased as a percentage of GDP, with access to and quality of services remaining satisfactory</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L4yUklD">Member States are committed to ensure accessible, high-quality and sustainable health care and long-term care through rational use of resources, good governance, and coordination between care systems</snippet>. However, the search results do not explicitly identify specific mediators or moderators in statistical models mapping antecedents to sustainability outcomes.
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<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_o7Xj46N,S_CoNxRSP,S_hTDcmSA">The search results provide general FPV design guidance covering mooring systems, anchoring mechanisms, and underwater cable protection, but do not specifically reference IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 standards</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">Mooring system design optimization is described using genetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization methods to minimize fatigue risk and improve performance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ">Key design factors include modularity, reliability, durability, and protection, with the mooring system securing the floating structure using anchors and cables</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">Elastic mooring lines are recommended to provide flexibility during varying water levels and enhance stability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">Numerical models for FPV dynamics are available, incorporating mooring systems tailored to specific installation sites with wave height and wind speed considerations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">Case studies demonstrate anchoring with concrete block anchors connected to mooring lines for stability</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_o7Xj46N,S_CoNxRSP,S_hTDcmSA">no snippets contain explicit references to navigation, vessel interaction, marking standards, or IALA guidance for offshore energy structures</snippet>.
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The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, distinguishing them from employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">The framework establishes six employment categories where vulnerable employment encompasses the last four (wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices), characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">ICSE-18 further classifies workers into six statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment, with distinctions based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">It also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students, primarily from Chinese (44%) and Arabic (56%) backgrounds, all of whom identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and 40% at elementary proficiency level in Russian. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6">The rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education is linked to the internationalization of education, with English positioned as a necessary lingua franca for attracting international students</snippet>, though this general trend is not specifically documented for Russian universities in the provided search results. <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">In China, EMI and bilingual programs have expanded significantly since 2010, with 7000 EMI programs and 500 bilingual programs available by 2018</snippet>, but this does not apply to Russian institutions. <snippet id="S_zFkS0OO">A systematic review discusses the significant rise of EMI programs in non-native English-speaking countries, highlighting a ten-fold increase in Europe from 2002 to 2014</snippet>, which also does not specifically cover Russia. <snippet id="S_hO67oBv">Research on EMI lectures shows that many teachers and students do not share a common first language, which can lead to low levels of student comprehension unless lecturers take special care in their delivery</snippet>, but this finding is from a Swedish context. The search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF studies specifically linking language practices to social integration or classroom/peer interaction patterns in Russian universities.
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<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet> and is set in Istanbul with a plot about a computer expert framed via identity theft <snippet id="95020,28554">. However, the composer is not identified in any of the available sources</snippet> <snippet id="95020,28554">. DVD Talk reviewed the film as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet> <snippet id="95020">, though the review does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet> <snippet id="20176">. The IMDb source notes that one review singles out the "music director" negatively</snippet> <snippet id="28554">, and IGN rates it mediocre (5/10) with strong video/audio</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and iKod.se, covering Amiga hardware architecture including AGA chipset register maps and memory organization</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual contains a comprehensive register summary in alphabetical and address order, including Copper, Blitter, bitplanes, and color registers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA chipset supports maximum 704×510 resolution in 12-bit mode with either PAL or NTSC timing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF, covering system software, Exec, Libraries, Devices, Intuition, and Graphics programming interfaces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">A 2nd Edition of the Hardware Reference Manual is also available, though it covers A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines rather than the 1200</snippet>. <snippet id="S_czITQzS">Additional Amiga hardware documentation including the Amiganet LAN User Manual is available from retro-commodore.eu</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Neuromorphic computing, requiring ~10^11 neurons for energy efficiency, aims to replicate the brain's ~1 GB/s data processing and 10^16 operations/s, with recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses, crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Synaptic plasticity and the Hebbian learning principle are thought to form the basis of learning and memory and are primarily responsible for information processing in the brain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eNhY4nD">The attractiveness of the emerging memories and switches for synaptic and neuronal elements, which are suitable for performing energy-efficient cognitive functions and recognition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7aDjN43">To realize truly biologically plausible neuromorphic computing, it is essential to consider temporal and spatial aspects of input signals, particularly for systems based on the leaky integrate-and-fire model</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, released October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,93249">The album was produced by T Bone Burnett and earned major acclaim, including multiple Grammy Awards such as Album of the Year and Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter"</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their later collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was the second Alison Krauss–Robert Plant album</snippet>, also produced by T Bone Burnett.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Carbohydrate mouth rinsing may have a central ergogenic effect on high-intensity endurance performance, particularly in activities lasting 30-70 minutes</snippet>, with two studies examining its impact on repeated sprint performance. <snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A study investigating CMR on multiple sprint performance using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability tests found no significant differences between the CMR and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol, which was associated with an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) is designed to simulate the activity patterns of team sports like soccer, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">Despite the importance of carbohydrates, there are relatively few studies examining their effects on performance in intermittent sports, and existing research often lacks consistency due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<snippet id=391d2d98-3>One search result mentions "Captain Delaunay" in connection with the West End hit "Erminie" from 1885, though this appears to reference a character played by an actress rather than the role originating by an actress</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-1>Another result mentions "The Sound of Music" with a "Delaunay" domain, but does not specifically reference a "Captain Delaunay" role</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-5>Additional results reference "Captain Hollywood Project" as a 1991 Eurodance music project, which is unrelated to a theatrical role</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-8>Other mentions of "Captain & Tennille" refer to a 1979 duo formed by Daryl Dragon and Toni Tennille, not a musical role</snippet>. The search results do not provide clear evidence of a role named "Captain Delaunay" that originated with an actress in London in a musical.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
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<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" was identified, though the snippet only shows the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">A related review discusses regulatory pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery approvals, highlighting historical milestones with indocyanine green (ICG) approved in 1959 and fluorescein in 1972</snippet>. <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key performance capabilities for FGS systems include real-time white-light/fluorescence overlay, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, and simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Clinical adoption faces barriers including regulatory challenges, learning curve for clinicians, and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DZWtjXE">The Network for Translational Research (NTR) for Optical Imaging provides guidance on bridging the gap between lab discovery and clinical use for FDA approval</snippet>. However, none of the available snippets contain the specific domain-structured reporting recommendations from the target article that would be needed to generate clinical discussion questions.
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<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.