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<snippet id="S_SvIkmlU,S_rtPxhtT">Human motor performance varies depending on the time of day, with maximum performance occurring around 6:00 p.m. (acrophase), though hypertrophy adaptations were found similar regardless of training time of day</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rtPxhtT">The time of day for resistance training (morning vs. evening) does not significantly affect increases in muscle strength and mass, as both timings yield similar results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JKFS2Wu">However, a 24-week study showed that evening resistance training resulted in a larger muscle cross-sectional area in men</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_HhyT8Rz">chronotype influences performance, with morning training reducing diurnal variation and evening training enhancing it</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gRYJWoz">Time of day impacts outcomes differently by sex, with morning exercise in women enhancing abdominal fat loss and evening exercise in men lowering systolic blood pressure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">Future research should consider individual responses to resistance training at different times of the day based on chronotype and habitual sleep cycles</snippet>.
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Umbrella reviews indicate that increases in muscle strength and mass do not significantly differ between morning and evening resistance training <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT,S_SvIkmlU>. Acute performance metrics typically peak around 6:00 p.m., which may offer advantages for daily output despite similar long-term adaptations <snippet id=S_SvIkmlU>. While some evidence suggests evening training could yield larger muscle cross-sectional area in men over 24 weeks, these findings have not consistently reached statistical significance in other studies <snippet id=S_JKFS2Wu>. Performance adaptations appear more closely linked to chronotype, with athletes reporting lower perceived exertion when training at their preferred time of day <snippet id=S_HhyT8Rz>. Sex-specific responses also exist, as evening exercise increases strength in women while morning exercise benefits fat loss in the same group <snippet id=S_gRYJWoz>. Therefore, experts recommend selecting training times based on personal preference to maximize adherence given the lack of clear superiority between schedules <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT>.
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<snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Telehealth can exacerbate disparities for disadvantaged groups who lack resources such as broadband internet access and digital literacy, highlighting the need for health equity in telehealth</snippet>. <snippet id="S_b61oqd3">Disparities in access to digital health technologies persist among individuals with lower income, less education, and racial or ethnic minorities, posing a risk to health equity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Health providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity as well as the cultural humility to understand how their patients and communities may experience or interact with technology</snippet>. <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">The Association of American Medical Colleges reported that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula, reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Structured, evidence-based training for healthcare professionals is needed to ensure competency in delivering telehealth services, with digital health training integrated into pre-registration qualifications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">Digital navigators require specific competencies in digital health and a proposed 10-hour training and certification process aims to equip them with necessary skills to provide technical assistance in clinical workflows</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ChDg9cS">Training healthcare providers to understand the social determinants of health is essential for tailoring telemedicine services to meet the specific needs of patients, thereby enhancing the overall impact of telehealth initiatives</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) application to cotton seeds at doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg-1 seed decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio, or leaf area:root growth ratio</snippet>, indicating it is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">MC is effective in controlling excessive cotton growth, significantly reducing plant height and node number in relation to its application rate, up to 45 g ha-1</snippet>, with leaf area growth rate, total node number, and plant height decreasing linearly with increasing MC concentrations from 0 to 30 µg g-1. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC application increases leaf thickness, reduces leaf area, shortens internodes, and decreases plant height, resulting in an extra dense architecture of the plant</snippet>, while improving lint yield under higher plant population densities. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications of MC are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Its effectiveness is influenced by temperature, with optimal growth occurring at 30 ºC during the day and 20 ºC at night</snippet>, and deviations from these temperatures can impair the plant's response to MC. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Increasing doses of mepiquat chloride caused decreasing in plant height, leaf stems, total above ground dry matter, number of nodes and branching, branches length, number of damaged fruits, total number of bolls and the number of fully opened bolls</snippet> when applied at 34, 47 and 62 days after emergence.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">The novel weaves sixteen interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters</snippet>, with central themes including <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">differing cultural expectations, generational conflict, and struggles over identity, shame, and pride</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma, sacrifice, and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>, with resolution coming through empathy and reclaimed histories.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<snippet id="S_386ZR9h">High-throughput snRNA-seq has been applied to analyze cell type composition across 92 anatomical locations in the adult mouse brain, with a median of 4,884 unique molecular identifiers per profile and 97% neuronal representation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage and can be applied to archived frozen specimens, with nuclear mRNA varying from 20% to over 50% for large and small pyramidal neurons</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Single-nucleus transcriptomics of the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder implicates oligodendrocyte precursor cells and deep layer excitatory neurons with gene expression changes in FGF signaling and steroid hormone receptor cycling</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, with snRNA-seq capturing more intronic reads and fewer total genes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Rodent models allow for the examination of gene expression in vivo, with scRNA-seq emerging as a powerful tool to investigate the molecular basis of psychiatric disorders</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">very few direct comparisons of single-nucleus human brain gene expression patterns have been performed in a psychiatric phenotype using high-throughput technologies</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_qnEFPDZ">the 10x v3 platform outperforms the 10x v2 for snRNA-seq, with scRNA-Seq generally detecting more genes per cell</snippet>. The provided snippets do not contain specific quantitative findings on ketamine-induced transcriptional changes in mouse prefrontal cortex or hippocampus, nor do they include detailed cell-type-specific DEGs or timepoint data for acute vs chronic antidepressant exposure.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_t1UFtY4,S_0hvikSw">The Netherlands has implemented a governmentwide circular economy programme aiming for a fully circular economy by 2050, with a target of achieving at least 50% circularity in the building and construction sector by 2030</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">The economic recession from 2008 to 2014 prompted a shift from state funding for cultural heritage to private and civic investments, impacting the heritage sector negatively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">The 2010 'crisis and recovery act' allows for the temporary use of buildings, integrating cultural history into land use planning</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">The study examined 53 cases, revealing a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">Adaptive reuse is widely recognised as a driver for circularity by helping to reduce raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and environmental costs while curbing air pollutants and carbon emissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between the preservation of cultural values and the perceived importance of circularity performance in conservation interventions, indicating a limited understanding of the circularity framework among stakeholders</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings in the Netherlands, particularly in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, plays a significant role in enhancing the attractiveness of degraded areas and promoting circularity between waterfronts and historic city centers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7auStQm">The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive evaluation framework and policy instruments to better integrate circularity into building practices</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model was applied to enhance motivation in online blended learning environments, with motivational surveys based on the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) conducted before, during, and after treatment to determine effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">Blended learning interventions in nursing education have been shown to significantly enhance autonomous motivation and perceived competence among students</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">Senior nursing students were studied in online learning contexts, with motivation serving as a key variable of analysis alongside course content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">Blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners, enhancing competencies effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">Blended learning in nursing education enhances academic achievement, student satisfaction, and cognitive skills, necessitating a focus on motivation through instructional techniques and environmental characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lC2vafv">Online teaching materials and conversation guides were provided in a blended-learning format with questionnaires administered via email and paper form</snippet>. However, the search results do not contain specific evidence for IMMS/CIS subscales (Interest/Attention) being used in nursing contexts, which the agent still needs to verify.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_H6H06tT,S_7vrGXF4,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented to capture semantic relationships within Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using datasets like MIMIC III, with mappings created through text refinement and ontology building in tools like Protege</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">The approach involves mapping tabular EHR data to an ontology using SPARQL queries to retrieve and analyze information from the resulting knowledge graph</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">This implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 seconds, enhances decision-making, and enables integration of patient-generated data, genetic data, and socioeconomic determinants</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The study describes the MIMIC III dataset, the ontology created using OWL in Protege, the RDF mapping procedure, and the building of the knowledge graph using GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional research has been conducted on EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems to efficiently utilize non-used information buried in routine clinical practice</snippet>. These findings demonstrate that virtual knowledge graph approaches exist for EHR data, though the specific combination of semantic data dictionaries and linked codebooks for medical measurements requires further investigation.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching, but co-precipitation of lithium can cause total losses up to 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction methods are used to prevent these losses, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% with 3% loss per extraction stage</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Chemical precipitation, cementation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, or membrane separations can be applied for subsequent purification of metal-rich leach solutions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Research compares classic precipitation with sodium carbonate against alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating process parameters including temperature and stoichiometric factor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant technical and economic challenges with less than 6% global recycling rate, while nanofiltration can improve lithium yield and reduce acid production by minimizing ion exchange stages</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0C7XVAE">Hydrometallurgical recycling involves leaching followed by refining with methods including precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction, electrowinning, and ion exchange</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BL0qJCk">Solvent extraction, ion-exchange resins, and precipitation are widely used in recycling routes to obtain products from solutions after inorganic and organic acid leaching</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">the blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres [7 quarts] for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">A 154-pound person has about 12 pints (5.5 liters) of blood</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_h22XXil">a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult, who is between 150 to 160 pounds, as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn is described as a bcc derived I-43m tetrahedral sites phase with interstitial fraction ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</snippet>, confirming the connection between the cubic I-centered space group and tetrahedral interstitial environments. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in bcc lattices are inherently non-regular and exhibit tetragonal distortion</snippet>, which aligns with the reduced symmetry observed in alpha-Mn. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs,S_u36TTzI,S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral interstitials are commonly found in bcc-derived systems where they can be stabilized or destabilized depending on the host lattice and dopant size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Both octahedral and tetrahedral bcc interstices have tetragonal symmetry</snippet>, supporting the structural relationship between tetrahedral displacement and the I-43m symmetry group. This confirms alpha-Mn as a relevant example of a cubic structure with tetrahedral interstitial features that lower the symmetry from ideal BCC (Im-3m).
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Lecanemab slowed CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo at 18 months</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">ARIA-H incidence at 17.3% (17%) and ARIA-E at 12.6% (12.5%)</snippet> in the lecanemab group versus <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">ARIA-H at 9.0% (8.7%) and ARIA-E at 1.7% (1.7%)</snippet> in the placebo group. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed 26.4% infusion-related reactions in lecanemab versus 7.4% in placebo</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">isolated symptomatic ARIA-H at 0.7% and symptomatic ARIA-E at 2.8%</snippet> in lecanemab versus <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">0% and 0%</snippet> in placebo. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">ARIA rates were stratified by APOE ε4 status, with non-carriers showing 11.9% ARIA-H and 5.4% ARIA-E, ε4 heterozygotes showing 14% ARIA-H and 10.9% ARIA-E, and ε4 homozygotes showing 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The trial enrolled 1795 participants (898 lecanemab, 897 placebo) with a mean baseline CDR-SB of 3.2 points</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">amyloid PET plaque levels were reduced by 55.48 centiloids in lecanemab versus 3.64 centiloids in placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The trial met its primary endpoint with a 27% relative effect (p < 0.001) and was approved by the FDA in July 2023</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA found that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than their performance in massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">interleaving enhancing long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning despite students perceiving it as more difficult</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaving is described as an evidence-based component of expanded-retrieval platforms that helps mitigate retrieval-induced forgetting and solidify schema formation</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_97XXQdf">a meta-analysis of 150 Dutch students found that interleaving was more effective than blocked study for long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Moderators of the interleaving effect include retention interval length, material characteristics, and whether learning involves successive or simultaneous presentation</snippet>.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa,S_R0Q0yol,S_XwzmeRy">Exosomal miRNAs and proteins demonstrate diagnostic value for CRC metastasis, with AUC values ranging from 0.631 to 0.9354 across different biomarkers and study populations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 showed AUC values of 0.871 and 0.834, respectively, for diagnostic purposes, with combined levels achieving higher AUC compared to conventional markers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p showed an AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, with combination with CEA improving AUC to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b showed AUC ranging from 0.631 to 0.793 for distinguishing CRC from controls, with a higher AUC of 0.830 for differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in CRC patients and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patients compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a have shown potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes carry biomarkers specific to cancer cell origin in serum and may serve as novel biomarkers for CRC detection, though circulating exosomal markers in serum have yet to be developed for the detection of CRC</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">gRPC uses protobuf for encoding and HTTP/2 as the payload carrier, which includes memory copying and HTTP/2 framing costs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">Performance evaluation using DeathStarBench hotel reservation service shows both Go and Rust implementations show similar latency contributions from gRPC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling achieves performance comparable to gRPC, with results showing 2.6× and 3.7× faster goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC reduces communication latency by 1.7× and 1.6× in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency compared to gRPC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">gRPC supports lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in brokerless architectures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs">gRPC is highlighted as the most comprehensive communication protocol for microservices, particularly effective for standardizing service communications across different technologies and programming languages</snippet>.
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Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation impact on carbon emissions across 30 Chinese provinces from 2010-2019, using the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable measured by multiplying bus and rail transit vehicles by passenger volume</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">employs two-stage least squares (2SLS) to address potential endogeneity issues</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">the study does not explicitly use historical population as an instrumental variable for the number of buses</snippet>, instead controlling for population density as a covariate. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable for urbanization</snippet>, but this is for CO2 emissions, not bus fleet size. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A separate study uses the presence of a bus stop as an instrumental variable for off-farm employment</snippet>, but this is at the village level and unrelated to provincial bus fleet data. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">One study uses urbanization lag as an instrumental variable for public health</snippet>, but this is not related to bus supply. The search results do not provide explicit evidence of historical population being used as an IV for number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<snippet id="S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform states that for any continuous random variable X with cumulative distribution function F, the transformed variable U = F(X) follows a uniform distribution on the interval [0,1]</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">This transformation is applicable when the cumulative distribution function of the target distribution is tractable, and if the CDF or PDF of the known distribution is defined, the PIT values will be continuous and uniformly distributed under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The inverse transform sampling method uses U = F(X) where U is a uniform (0,1) random variable to derive random deviates from the distribution F by applying the inverse function X = F^(-1)(U)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">For discrete p-values, the convention is that a p-value whose associated null hypothesis is true stochastically dominates the uniform distribution on [0,1]</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transform's values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CvfT2A0">The PIT serves as a non-discretizing method, producing real-valued outputs that can be combined with other transformations to enhance modeling effectiveness</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing in SAGIN enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>, with remote sensing satellites leveraging extensive coverage to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic</snippet>, alleviating traffic load on backhaul links. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables vehicles to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which then decide whether to cache required data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model involving satellite-to-UAV and UAV-to-ground communications allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and serve multiple ground users simultaneously</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs can download and cache content while charging at docking stations, then serve requests from the air to reduce service delays and backhaul load</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ajCseb7">SAGIN integration of multi-tier computing resources with UAVs enhances task offloading capabilities through deployment of drone cells and software-defined networking approaches for vehicular services</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SsNXzNl">Designing real-time and energy-efficient resource allocation schemes requires monitoring edge computing node status including battery level, location, speed, and available storage capacities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">Machine learning techniques such as liquid state machines can be employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion and corrosion protective applications, with the corrosion resistance provided by the NiCr matrix while the wear resistance is mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings possess low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good wear resistance at 500°C, with optimal performance achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings exhibit better erosion–corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings, attributed to faster repassivation kinetics and fine-grain structure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF have been investigated</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">Erosion-corrosion protection due to Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings on stainless steel has been studied</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not contain specific oilfield-relevant tribo/erosion-corrosion or CO2/H2S brine data for downhole tools.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_QJsPloF,S_fg0OhCM,S_0mTkMYt,S_ufhk6e0">LTE employs OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions, with OFDMA dividing the spectrum into orthogonal subcarriers and SC-FDMA incorporating DFT pre-coding to mitigate high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_fg0OhCM">Both techniques are integral to meeting 4G wireless communication performance requirements, with OFDMA being effective for high-speed downlink data and SC-FDMA offering lower PAPR suitable for user terminals with limited power resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of LTE, replacing costly time-domain equalization with simpler frequency equalization and enabling efficient resource distribution in frequency selective channels</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0mTkMYt,S_ufhk6e0">The LTE air interface uses 1.4-20 MHz bandwidth with 15 KHz subcarriers, 1 ms subframes, and 180 KHz resource blocks, with uplink transmit power determined through downlink pathloss estimation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">In standard LTE, radio access is mainly dependent on SC-FDMA and OFDMA in uplink and downlink respectively, with the same radio frame structure used for both</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ufhk6e0">LTE-M inherits these features including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, maintaining similar settings for subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix lengths, and resource grid</snippet>.
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<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_oqULw15">The CryptDB system enables encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that yield results matching plaintext operations while maintaining user privacy and data secrecy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">The FHOPE scheme supports complex SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud environments, allowing cloud servers to perform arithmetic and order comparison operations without repeated encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">FHE applications include database querying where encrypted data streams from multiple sources are uploaded to the cloud and processed to provide valuable services to content owners</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">Relational database systems based on homomorphic encryption schemes have been developed to execute SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance discourages practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YK9KfW1">Current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes, indicating a need for more efficient encryption schemes and potential optimizations like parallel processing and SQL circuit encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">FHE allows SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud databases but is impractical due to high computational overhead, while order-preserving encryption supports SQL range queries but exposes private information</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W-based structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples and significantly higher than Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">Among 5d transition metals, W in its resistive amorphous phase shows the largest spin–orbit torque efficiency ≈0.20–0.50, with spin Hall conductivity of |σSHα-W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">The CoFeB layer exhibits field-free deterministic magnetic switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² at zero field to ±2.80 MA/cm² at 10 mT, highlighting the efficiency of the spin Hall angle torque in achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established by inserting a Hf spacer layer as thin as 0.25 nm between W and CoFeB layers, enabling transmission of spin currents to apply strong spin torque on the CoFeB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">W–Ta and W–V alloy films can boost torque-based switching efficiency by 40 percent compared to pristine tungsten films, with spin Hall conductivity reaching (−2.77 ± 0.31) × 103 S/cm</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vChUXr4">Gate voltage modulation of spin-Hall-torque-driven magnetic switching has been demonstrated in multilayer structures with maximum efficiency</snippet>.
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<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">Classic antidepressants such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties, and these are thought to mediate, at least in part, their antidepressant effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">More recently, ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_nregWI1">Both psychotherapy and exercise serve as behavioral interventions that could potentially prolong the antidepressant effects of ketamine by enhancing neuroplasticity and resilience in the brain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">Enriched environments (EE) significantly enhance neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">Voluntary exercise boosts neurogenesis in adult mice, particularly those exposed to early life stress, and helps mitigate stress-induced changes, correlating with improved cognitive functions in both aged mice and humans</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The gut microbiota can modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible to direct manipulation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK activation enhances dendritic branching in hippocampal neurons, countering the negative effects of stress on dendritic complexity, with both ketamine and physical exercise increasing AMPK activity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is identified as a crucial regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for developing more effective and safer antidepressant treatments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">Multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, antidepressant treatment, exercise, and environmental stimuli influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis</snippet>.
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<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<snippet id="S_pgimEba">The mml2omml.xsl stylesheet is used as an XSLT to convert MathML to OMML, which is applied in the background when importing MathML into Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">This XSLT is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl stylesheet that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq">The OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet is included with Microsoft Word and can be used to convert OMML into MathML</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iBtRRBw">Using normal XML-DOM processing, you can extract OMML content and apply the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet to transform it to MathML</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's OfficeMath documentation lists MathML and Ecma Math (OMML) elements with their exact or approximate MathML counterparts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">The omml2mml.xsl file is included with MS Office and can be redistributed, though legal considerations exist for disclosure</snippet>.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding, with Bierbaum et al. (2005) noting that these children often misbehave during challenging tasks and suggesting teachers should emphasize their similarities to peers and support engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems using a multiple baseline-across-students design with a two-phase baseline</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) investigated the impact of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the addition and subtraction performance of nine elementary students with learning disabilities, with the experimental group receiving training in a 10-step self-instructional procedure and practicing using tape-recorded cues, resulting in significant improvements in problem accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process, with students marking their performance with plus or minus signs next to each reminder while completing worksheets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">These studies highlight the effectiveness of self-monitoring and self-understanding strategies in enhancing the mathematical performance of children with intellectual disabilities</snippet>. However, none of the provided snippets contain explicit phrasing connecting self-monitoring to self-understanding or closely related constructs like self-awareness, metacognition, or self-knowledge in the context of children with intellectual disabilities.
</answer>

<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_1AnfYBw,S_IkYr1CP">The FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance specifically prioritized flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>, with the final guidance published on January 2, 2020 <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">banning most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes except for tobacco and menthol</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">The FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of authorized products. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorised flavoured cartridge-based electronic cigarettes</snippet>, with retailers prohibited from selling any flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products other than tobacco- or menthol-flavored products <snippet id="S_MMGoou2">. The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes unaddressed</snippet> <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">. The FDA will prioritize enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based e-cigarettes, with the exception of tobacco or menthol</snippet> <snippet id="S_Igxcgdq">. This represents selective enforcement rather than a broad ban, with flavored vape juices still purchasable if authorized through the premarket authorization process</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">The triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment is explicitly applied to long-term care sustainability under the 2020-2025 timeframe</snippet>, with government strategies significantly influencing service quality where public institutions show better outcomes than private ones <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">. Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances</snippet> <snippet id="S_8XJoond">. Long-term care systems face sustainability challenges due to reliance on government and out-of-pocket funding, necessitating a multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet> <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">. The cost of long-term care has been rising steadily, with nursing home care charges in the United States in 2021 averaging over $8910 per month</snippet> <snippet id="S_3hbno9x">. Denmark's integrated home- and community-based systems show expenditures leveling off and dropping as a percentage of GDP while access and quality remain satisfactory</snippet> <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">. China's community home-based elderly care services were backed by a 5 billion yuan investment from 2016 to 2020 to reduce costs and support aging-in-place</snippet> <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">. These findings underscore the importance of collaboration among various stakeholders to enhance elderly care and reduce the rate of growth in Medicaid and Medicare expenditures for elders</snippet> <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">. The triple bottom line framework provides a foundation for developing sustainable elderly care facilities that address cost, access, and quality concerns</snippet> <snippet id="S_Ir3ZH9z">. Stakeholder perspectives highlight the complexities of implementing effective elderly care solutions through diversified social governance models</snippet> <snippet id="S_Ir3ZH9z">. These frameworks support the construction of mediators and moderators for digital/smart eldercare contexts by anchoring dependent variables in sustainability dimensions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_hTDcmSA">A typical floating photovoltaic system consists of a floating device, mooring system, PV modules, DC/AC cables, and connectors, with the mooring system securing the platform using anchors and cables to prevent movement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">Elastic mooring lines are commonly used to provide flexibility and stability against wind and waves, particularly during varying water levels</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">Research on offshore FPV systems includes evaluating dynamics and displacements under different weather and sea conditions, including wave height, period, and wind speed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3">The ActiveFloat platform design includes a semi-submersible configuration with a mooring system consisting of three catenary cables providing significant stiffness to limit platform surge motion</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8tiGRfz">Mooring configurations vary by platform type, with semisubmersible platforms using chain mooring with nontensioned or catenary configurations while TLPs employ cable mooring with a tensioned setup</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">Typical FPV systems include five subsystems: PV subsystem, floating platform, mooring subsystem, underwater cables for power transfer, and electric power and control subsystem</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_o7Xj46N,S_bc5a0Y3,S_8tiGRfz,S_hTDcmSA,S_dgSijhh">none of the provided snippets contain specific IEA PVPS Task 16 guidance or DNV-RP-0584 standards for navigation, vessel interaction, or cable/mooring considerations</snippet>.
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<answer>
The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, introducing the category of dependent contractors defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">The classification includes six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">Workers are classified into six statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wPDY4Jm">Employment status is often classified into categories such as full-time permanent workers, precarious workers, self-employed, and those not in employment</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University studied 32 international graduate students from Chinese and Arabic backgrounds who identified English as their first foreign language, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and 40% at elementary proficiency level</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6">EMI is linked to internationalization of education, positioning English as a necessary lingua franca for attracting international students and enhancing job market readiness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">However, recent studies indicate that EMI outcomes are not consistently positive in non-Anglophone contexts, with limited statistical evidence on its effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hO67oBv">Many EMI teachers and students operate with varying levels of second language English ability, which can lead to low levels of student comprehension, learning and satisfaction unless special care is taken in delivery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">Lecturers frequently express worries about students' capabilities in EMI environments, and students generally perceive their English skills as inadequate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_34tTZZm">The dominance of English as an academic lingua franca reflects broader trends of internationalization driven by Western standards, though scholars note risks of over-reliance on English-language resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zFkS0OO">Universities adopt EMI to attract international students, enhance their global standing, and improve local students' language skills and employability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h0u4Wyu">Institutional factors and learners' variables including motivation and L2 strategy use are statistically significant predictors of academic English proficiency in EMI settings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">In China, EMI and bilingual programs expanded rapidly from 2010-2018, with 7000 EMI programs and 500 bilingual programs available by 2018</snippet>. <snippet id="S_34tTZZm">The Bologna Process promotes EMI, leading to an increase in international programs that primarily use English, thereby reinforcing the hegemony of English-speaking academic culture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h0u4Wyu">However, findings suggest that secondary school medium-of-instruction is not a significant predictor of academic English proficiency at university</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">To address comprehension issues, lecturers employ strategies such as translation, code-switching, or code-mixing, though these methods may not always effectively bridge the gap</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zFkS0OO">The complexity of EMI is underscored by varied institutional approaches regarding whether instruction should be entirely in English or incorporate the local language</snippet>.
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<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment and set in Istanbul</snippet>, with a plot about a computer expert framed via identity theft. <snippet id="95020">DVD Talk reviewed the film as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>, though <snippet id="95020">the review does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>. <snippet id="28554">The composer is not identified in the supplied sources</snippet>, and <snippet id="95020">the DVD Talk review does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>. <snippet id="20176">Reviews are mixed-to-negative, with critics calling the plot predictable and Istanbul underused</snippet>, while <snippet id="28554">IGN rates the film mediocre with video/audio stronger</snippet>. The search results confirm the 2006 release, Istanbul setting, and Sony distribution, but do not confirm the British composer or DVD Talk review details.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and iKod.se</snippet>, covering the Amiga technical reference series. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes comprehensive register summary documentation organized by alphabetical and address order</snippet>, with sections on coprocessor hardware, playfield hardware, and enhanced chip set. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">The 2nd Edition covers A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines</snippet>, while the 3rd Edition was edited on an Amiga 2500 running AMIX. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF</snippet>, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA chipset documentation specifies 12-bit color support with max 704×510 resolution</snippet>, though this may need to be cross-referenced with the full manual for complete register maps and DMA constraints. <snippet id="S_czITQzS">Additional hardware manuals including the Amiganet LAN User Manual are available from Retro Commodore</snippet>. These sources provide the foundational hardware documentation needed for 68030 assembly programming on the Amiga 1200.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YkA1LR2">Analog systems may leverage next-generation memory like ReRAM and memristors for enhanced synaptic weight management in reservoir computing applications from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eNhY4nD">Recent progress concerning memories shows that novel strategies related to materials and device engineering to mitigate challenges are presented to primarily achieve nonvolatile analog synaptic characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7aDjN43">However, two-terminal devices such as artificial synapses suffer from significant drawbacks, such as current leakage and the lack of a third terminal for precise synaptic weight adjustment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fZKPKhH">Memcapacitors may not match the scalability of traditional CMOS-based systems, but strides have been made to advance their scalability for neuromorphic computing</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">It debuted at No.2 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Country Albums charts, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and became a worldwide hit</snippet>. <snippet id="27111">The album earned multiple Grammys at the 2009 ceremony including Album of the Year, Record of the Year ("Please Read the Letter"), and Best Pop/Country collaborations</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their earlier collaboration Raising Sand (2007) was the duo's debut LP and earned major acclaim and several Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">It is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_hFRFf5P,S_ju8QCeq">Studies using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in sprint performance between carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">One study using a non-self-paced LIST protocol found no significant effect with a 6.4% maltodextrin solution, while another using a self-paced LIST protocol found increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15m sprint performance during the final stages of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">The self-paced protocol involved a 10% maltodextrin solution and showed benefits in the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">However, the double-blind trial with 6.4% maltodextrin showed no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times in RSA or LIST tests</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding its effects on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">Existing research often lacks consistency due to methodological differences, with few studies examining effects on intermittent sports performance</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>The role of Captain Delauney originated in the West End musical "Erminie" in 1885</snippet>, not a London production. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits for the actor included "Nemesis," "The Bride of Song," "Family Ties," and "Eastward"</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>The production was a West End hit with the actor playing the role</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>The actor was a celebrated 19th-century English performer</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>The musical was a significant production of the era</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" was located but the snippet only shows the title without substantive content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG,S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) are documented, with strategic decisions by developers facilitating subsequent device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Fluorescent probes require ideal characteristics including specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>. <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key evaluation criteria for FGS systems include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores, and ergonomic design for open surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o">Clinical approval challenges include safety profiles and costs associated with clinical trials, with "smart" imaging agents being developed to target tumor cells through conjugation with tumor-specific antibodies, nanobodies, or peptides</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5E8IDXV">Multimodality fluorescence imaging combines various imaging techniques to address limitations like photon scattering and light attenuation, with integrated approaches preferred for simplifying toxicity evaluations and pharmacokinetic studies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HFIp1yO">The field is shifting towards targeted molecular agents that respond to specific cellular markers, with future research directions including advancing imaging systems and establishing correlations between targeting moieties and disease</snippet>. The search results do not contain the specific domain-structured reporting recommendations from the target article that the agent needs for clinical discussion questions.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The paper titled "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" was located in the search results</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX,S_onh5WOE,S_nKW5KXm,S_HRINe1D,S_u8Vhij6,S_NiloWjk,S_m5a9xl5,S_CoFf8GZ,S_ausD8QJ">none of the retrieved snippets contain substantive content from this specific paper</snippet>. The search results show other papers with similar titles or related topics about IAMs, but do not include the abstract, methods, results, or discussion sections needed to summarize the paper's key technical contributions and empirical findings. <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX">One snippet discusses general futures approaches for global environmental assessments</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_onh5WOE">another covers SDG trade-offs in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve</snippet>. To obtain the required evidence, additional targeted searches with different keywords or variations of the title may be necessary.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">The research identifies that high schools often do not actively encourage book reading, leading to lower engagement among adolescents, and recommends providing dedicated time for reading and implementing initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">Teacher support and strong relationships with educators are crucial for fostering a reading culture, with effective practices including promoting choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Reading interventions that integrate motivational principles such as collaboration, relevance, and self-efficacy alongside cognitive skills like reading fluency have shown positive effects on adolescents' reading development</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">Research suggests that school librarians can play an important role in supporting student literacy, with reading engagement being a multidimensional construct that includes behavioral, cognitive, and affective attributes associated with being deeply involved in reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">Pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency, which leads to growth in literacy skills, and there is growing awareness of the relationship between reading attainment and engagement in both policy and practice</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WIheApX">The presence of qualified school librarians in well-resourced school libraries is associated with benefits for students' literacy attainment, with libraries playing a key role in reading promotion through employing reading and literacy supportive activities</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.