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<snippet id="S_SvIkmlU,S_rtPxhtT">Umbrella reviews indicate that resistance training performed in the morning versus evening yields similar hypertrophy adaptations and increases in muscle strength</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_JKFS2Wu">one 24-week study found that evening resistance training resulted in a larger muscle cross-sectional area in men</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HhyT8Rz">Research suggests that the time of day for strength training can influence performance based on an individual's chronotype, with morning training reducing diurnal variation in performance while evening training enhances it</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gRYJWoz">Gender-specific findings show that morning exercise in women enhances abdominal fat loss and increases lower body muscle power, whereas evening exercise in women greatly increases upper body muscle strength and power</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU">The evidence partially explains similar hypertrophy levels through similar p70S6K phosphorylation observed after strength training performed in the morning or afternoon</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvIkmlU,S_rtPxhtT">Despite these findings, more research is needed to verify if differences exist between training in the morning versus evening hours, particularly in relation to chronotype and habitual sleep cycles</snippet>.
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Umbrella reviews indicate that increases in muscle strength and mass do not significantly differ between morning and evening resistance training <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT,S_SvIkmlU>. Acute performance metrics typically peak around 6:00 p.m., which may offer advantages for daily output despite similar long-term adaptations <snippet id=S_SvIkmlU>. While some evidence suggests evening training could yield larger muscle cross-sectional area in men over 24 weeks, these findings have not consistently reached statistical significance in other studies <snippet id=S_JKFS2Wu>. Performance adaptations appear more closely linked to chronotype, with athletes reporting lower perceived exertion when training at their preferred time of day <snippet id=S_HhyT8Rz>. Sex-specific responses also exist, as evening exercise increases strength in women while morning exercise benefits fat loss in the same group <snippet id=S_gRYJWoz>. Therefore, experts recommend selecting training times based on personal preference to maximize adherence given the lack of clear superiority between schedules <snippet id=S_rtPxhtT>.
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<snippet id="S_krnNJsl">Digital health equity training is essential for healthcare professionals to address socioeconomic gaps and barriers related to cultural, social, and digital literacy in accessing virtual care</snippet>, with the Association of American Medical Colleges reporting that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Health providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity as well as the cultural humility to understand how their patients and communities may experience or interact with technology</snippet>, which can contribute to health inequities when digital health solutions are applied without attention to social determinants of health. <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Disadvantaged groups often face poorer health outcomes and lack the resources necessary for effective telemedicine use, such as broadband internet access and digital literacy</snippet>, highlighting the digital divide that training must address. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Structured, evidence-based training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">digital navigators require specific competencies in digital health and a proposed 10-hour training and certification process equips them with necessary skills to support clinical teams</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">Telehealth competencies aligned to frameworks like the Four P's (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation) will provide learners with tools to assume leadership roles in all phases of telehealth implementation</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) can be applied to cotton seeds at five different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg-1 seed) in a greenhouse experiment</snippet>, where the application <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, with application rates reported up to <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">45 g ha-1</snippet> effective in controlling excessive growth and reducing plant height and node number. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Optimal efficacy occurs at 30°C during the day and 20°C at night</snippet>, though effectiveness is highly temperature-dependent. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Split dose applications at 34, 47, and 62 days after emergence have been tested</snippet>, showing that increasing MC doses causes decreasing plant height, nodes, and branching. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The study indicates MC application to seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>, supporting its use as a seed treatment for growth regulation.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">Central themes include mothers' traditional Chinese values and traumatic pasts clashing with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">The mothers—Suyuan, An‑mei, Lindo, Ying‑ying—relay immigrant trauma, sacrifice, and Chinese values while daughters—June, Rose, Waverly, Lena—struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">Power, identity, and female agency across migration are explored through recurrent motifs such as storytelling, food, and mahjong</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934">The novel moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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The provided search results do not contain specific scRNA-seq data on ketamine-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Most snippets discuss general snRNA-seq/scRNA-seq technologies, advantages over bulk RNA-seq, and technical considerations for brain cell type characterization <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_KNwlTux,S_U5TfCwY">general snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq technologies are used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the brain, including prefrontal cortex and hippocampus</snippet>, but none report actual gene expression changes after ketamine administration. One study mentions scRNA-seq on mouse prefrontal cortex but focuses on Tbr1 mutant mice with WNT signaling effects on spine maturation, not ketamine responses <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">scRNA-seq was performed on FAC-sorted cells from the medial prefrontal cortex of Tbr1 wild-type and mutant mice at postnatal day 5</snippet>. Another snippet discusses single-nucleus transcriptomics of prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder, identifying OPCs and excitatory neurons with FGF and immune function changes, but this does not address ketamine treatment <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">We sequenced ~80,000 nuclear transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex of MDD cases and psychiatrically healthy controls and identified cell-type-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These results point to gene expression changes in predominantly two cell types: OPCs and deep layer excitatory neurons</snippet>. The search results therefore do not provide the specific quantitative and mechanistic findings on ketamine-induced transcriptional changes in PFC and hippocampus that the agent is seeking.

<answer>
<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by supportive legislation such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' which allows temporary use of buildings and integrates cultural history into land use plans</snippet>, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs">with local authorities shifting from direct investors to facilitators promoting public-private financing and partnerships</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4,S_0hvikSw">The Dutch governmentwide circular economy programme aims for 50% circularity in the building sector by 2030, with adaptive reuse reducing raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">A study of 53 adaptive reuse cases since 2014 revealed a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages while maintaining 96% stakeholder recognition of adaptive reuse's importance for preserving cultural values</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable projects include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices using demolished materials, showcasing functionalist architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between preservation of cultural values and perceived importance of circularity performance, with only 65% of cases reporting public engagement during early stages of reuse projects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7auStQm">The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation frameworks and policy instruments to better integrate circularity into building practices beyond the Netherlands</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">A study on blended teaching methodologies using the ARCS model implemented a motivational framework with 36 questions on the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) to measure students' motivation in an online environment</snippet>, though this research focused on IT in Business undergraduates rather than nursing or health professions. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">Another study found that blended learning smoking cessation intervention significantly enhanced nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>, demonstrating the application of blended learning in nursing education. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">A separate study examined online learning effects on senior nursing students (n=164) but did not report using ARCS or IMMS instruments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">Research on blended and flipped learning in nursing shows it allows students to become self-directed autonomous learners, enhancing nursing competencies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">Qualitative studies in nursing education indicate that motivation regulation strategies are influenced by instructional techniques, professor attitude, and environmental characteristics</snippet>. No snippets provided direct evidence of IMMS/CIS subscales (Attention/Interest) specifically applied to nursing or health professions in blended or e-learning contexts.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented for Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using datasets like MIMIC III, where data is mapped to ontologies using tools such as Protege and GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">This approach enables semantic relationship capture within EHRs, allowing for more efficient and accurate data analysis through SPARQL queries</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 s, demonstrating practical performance benefits for clinical data access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">However, the current evidence focuses on knowledge graph construction from scratch rather than virtual knowledge graph approaches using semantic data dictionaries or linked codebooks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional work titled "EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System" suggests there is ongoing research toward utilizing non-used information buried in routine clinical practice</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The studies describe ontology building techniques and RDF mapping procedures, but do not specifically address R2RML, Ontop, or virtual KG frameworks for medical measurements</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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Based on the available reviews, lithium extraction from hydrometallurgical leachates typically employs a combination of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange methods <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV,S_I12FLcH,S_0C7XVAE">precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange are widely used for refining leachate and extracting valuable metals</snippet>. For spent LIB cathode active materials, precipitation with sodium carbonate remains a common state-of-the-art approach for lithium recovery <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">the classic method of precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate</snippet>. Solvent extraction is highly effective for selective removal of transition metals like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% when combined with precipitation <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are used to selectively remove elements, such as Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15%</snippet>. Recent research also explores ion exchange and nanofiltration technologies, though these face challenges with high energy consumption and acid waste production <snippet id="S_aewi150">ion exchange technology for lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries presents significant technical and economic challenges, including high energy consumption and acid waste production</snippet>. Tailored organic acids and reagents like ammonium peroxodisulfate show promise for enhanced lithium uptake and stability in adsorption processes <snippet id="S_I12FLcH,S_MqwIWhe">tailored nanosorbents, like lithium manganese oxide nanotubes, have exhibited excellent stability, recyclability, and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles</snippet>. However, the overall hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent LIBs remains an active research field rather than a fully commercialized process <snippet id="S_BL0qJCk">the feasibility and reasonability of the hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries is still a field of research</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">the blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult, who is between 150 to 160 pounds, as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_h22XXil">a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>. This confirms the 5-liter average with a range of 4.5-6.8 liters for typical adult blood volume.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn is described as a bcc derived I-43m structure with tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 and there are 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular and lead to tetragonal distortion of the lattice near octahedral interstitial atoms</snippet>, though the specific agent query about alpha-Mn's tetrahedral features is primarily addressed in S_AMKgb7w. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn in As is more stable than Mn in Ga sites by 0.16-0.31 eV for charge states q=1,2,3</snippet>, demonstrating the general concept of tetrahedral displacement in bcc frameworks. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">For phosphorus interstitials, tetrahedral sites are unstable compared to quasi-hexagonal sites, being 1.2 eV higher in energy</snippet>, showing that tetrahedral occupancy depends on element-specific stability factors. The search confirms alpha-Mn as a cubic I-centered structure (I-43m) derived from bcc with tetrahedral interstitial features, though explicit displacement toward tetrahedral sites in cI16 Li/Na or Th3P4-type structures requires further verification.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_p20O8Yh">The CLARITY-AD trial enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 to receive 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab or placebo for 18 months, with 1795 participants having MCI or mild AD diagnosed using NIA-AA criteria</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8,S_f3IR99F">Lecanemab significantly slowed CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo, with a 95% CI of −0.67 to −0.23 for the difference</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">The trial also showed significant reductions in amyloid PET plaque levels (−55.48 centiloid change) and ADAS-Cog14 (−1.44 points), ADCOMS (−0.05 points), and ADCS-MCI-ADL (2 points) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_VxjMD7K">The most common AEs included infusion reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (16.9% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%) in the lecanemab and placebo arms, respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">APoE ε4 carriers had higher ARIA incidence, with ARIA-H at 39% and ARIA-E at 32.6% in homozygotes, compared to 11.9% and 5.4% in noncarriers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ipB4qty">Symptomatic ARIA-E was 2.8% in lecanemab versus 0% in placebo, while isolated symptomatic ARIA-H was 0.7% versus 0.2%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_p20O8Yh">Topline results were announced in September 2022, with the primary endpoint being the change in CDR-SB at 18 months</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection, with 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) recruited to explore study strategies on long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42), though several moderators exist such as retention interval length and material characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions, with F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, and  P 2 = .31</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult, with effective interventions like spaced retrieval further improving retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaving is described as "unpopular with students but shown to be successful" for medical education, where traditional learning methods do not ensure long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_avfxf73">Interleaving increases the likelihood of mastery and memory by forcing the brain to reconcile relationships between related but different areas during study sessions</snippet>.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Serum exosomal CEA demonstrates superior diagnostic value for predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer, with an AUC of 0.9354 compared to 0.8557 for total serum CEA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB (AUC 0.871) and b2-GP1 (AUC 0.834) showed higher discriminatory power compared to conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p achieved an AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, with combination with CEA improving AUC to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b downregulation in plasma showed AUC of 0.830 for differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Elevated exosomal miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a levels show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">Six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patient plasma compared to normal individuals, making them potential diagnostic biomarkers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes carry biomarkers specific to cancer cell origin in serum, with potential utility for non-invasive early detection of CRC</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">gRPC could become dominant in the future thanks to the adoption of the HTTP/2 protocol and to the use of Protobuf as the payload format</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for performance and energy consumption in microservices architecture, demonstrating lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">A study using DeathStarBench measures latency for microservices implementations, finding that Rust with mRPC closely mirrors the latency of Go with gRPC</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC achieves performance comparable to gRPC after switching to using protobuf + HTTP/2, performing 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. However, the available snippets do not contain comprehensive quantitative energy measurements (e.g., CPU power via RAPL) for these protocol comparisons in microservices.
</answer>

<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation's impact on carbon emissions across 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, employing 2SLS to address endogeneity</snippet> with the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable, but it uses population density as a control variable rather than historical population as an instrumental variable for bus counts <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">the analysis includes per capita GDP, population density, and private car ownership as control variables</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study addresses endogeneity in the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions in China, using instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990</snippet>, but this instruments urbanization, not bus supply, and uses current density rather than historical population. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A third study employs 2SLS with instrumental variables for digital technology innovation, using the number of post offices in 1984 as an IV</snippet>, but this is unrelated to public bus fleet size. None of the provided search results contain explicit evidence that researchers have used historical population as an instrumental variable for the number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework <snippet id="S_A6z2bxW,S_HJzVtgn,S_BroblLJ,S_04AZIBc,S_2BUSTTu,S_afKjSFM,S_r6yPgY6,S_Jz1La85">the snippets discuss various 2SLS applications in China but none match the specific query about historical population instrumenting bus counts</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that if X follows a continuous distribution with CDF F, then U = F(X) follows a uniform distribution on [0,1] under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">This transformation converts sampled values from an unknown continuous distribution into a uniform distribution on (0,1) when the CDF is tractable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship U = F(X) allows generating random deviates from any distribution F by applying the inverse function X = F⁻¹(U) where U is uniform (0,1)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transform's values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">For discrete p-values, the convention is that a p-value whose associated null hypothesis is true stochastically dominates the uniform distribution on [0,1]</snippet>. However, the current snippets do not explicitly contain the specific formula for two-sided p-values as 2 min(U, 1−U), definitions of highest-density regions (HDRs), or randomized p-values for discrete distributions.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">Vehicles first offload their tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to offload received data based on task state, network state, and current available resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">The satellites transmit required data to vehicles and decide if to cache the data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">UAVs can pre-store popular content and serve multiple ground users simultaneously, enhancing network performance when requested files are not in the UAV's cache</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs act as intelligent content cache providers by equipping them with cache storage to proactively store and distribute frequently requested content to terrestrial users</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">Machine learning techniques such as liquid state machines can be employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends</snippet>. <snippet id="S_F19Wt1q">SAGIN allows flexible resource deployment through UAVs and satellites that can adjust their positions and configurations to optimize service delivery based on user needs</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective coatings in industrial applications, offering high hardness, strength, and wear resistance up to 900 °C</snippet>, where the <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">corrosion resistance is offered by the NiCr metal matrix while the wear resistance is provided by the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings exhibit low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good adhesion strength</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">optimal wear resistance at 500 °C achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings show improved erosion-corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings</snippet>, attributed to <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">fine-grain structure with homogeneous distribution of hard carbide phases and protective NiCr metallic binder that allows faster repassivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms have been investigated in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF</snippet>, making these findings relevant for downhole tool applications.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications</snippet>, with OFDMA dividing the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocating these sub-carriers to each user <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh">OFDMA divides the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocates these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA, which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA addresses these issues, offering lower PAPR, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_fg0OhCM">The LTE radio access network utilizes Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), employing distinct RF carriers for each direction</snippet>, with downlink utilizing OFDMA and uplink using SC-FDMA <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">Downlink utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), while uplink uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of the new standard for mobile communications long-term evolution (LTE) for UMTS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">The radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB), with one RB having 1 ms in the time domain and 180 KHz in the frequency domain</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
</answer>


The search results indicate that there are challenges in building practical SQL database systems with FHE in the cloud, rather than fully realized applications. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] discuss using homomorphic encryption for supporting general database queries at a conceptual level, showing how a scheme supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR on ciphertexts can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data on the server side</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB demonstrate fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that yield results matching plaintext operations while maintaining user privacy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">However, FHE allows SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud databases but is impractical due to high computational overhead</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_YK9KfW1">current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes, indicating a need for more efficient encryption schemes and potential optimizations</snippet>. Several papers note that <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">there has not been a systematic study that analyzes the use of fully homomorphic encryption for solving database queries beyond simple aggregations and numeric calculations</snippet>, suggesting this remains a research challenge rather than an established application domain with concrete cloud deployments.

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, with spin diffusion length of 2.1 ± 0.5 nm, enabling strong spin-orbit torque switching</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">the spin Hall conductivity of conductive α-W is approximately 3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, with |σSHα-W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1</snippet>, confirming high spin-torque efficiency for this heterostructure. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">Experimental demonstrations show field-free deterministic magnetic switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², highlighting the efficiency of spin Hall angle torque in achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established in W/CoFeB/MgO multilayers, enabling current-driven magnetic switching with spin currents generated by in-plane charge currents in the W layer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">Optimized β-W/CoFeB heterostructures with W–Ta or W–V alloy layers can boost torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40% compared to pristine tungsten films</snippet>. These findings establish W/CoFeB/MgO as a promising candidate for low-power consumption spin-orbit torque memory applications with sub-ns switching and femtojoule-scale energy per bit.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs, MAOIs, and tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s,S_QJaZTc4">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis allows the gut microbiota to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible to directly manipulate the microbiome</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions including PPARα agonists like fenofibrate alleviate stress-induced depression-like behaviors</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK activation enhances dendritic branching in hippocampal neurons, countering the negative effects of stress</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine also have drawbacks, including short efficacy duration and adverse effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_nregWI1">combining ketamine with psychotherapy or exercise may enhance lasting antidepressant effects by promoting neuroplasticity</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft provides an XSLT stylesheet named mml2omml.xsl used to convert MathML to OMML format in Word</snippet>, which is applied during the import process for MathML equations. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_iBtRRBw">The reverse conversion is handled by the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet, which transforms OMML to MathML and is included with Microsoft Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">There is also an npm utility called omml2mathml that converts from OMML to MathML, ported from the XSLT Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">Microsoft Office contains the omml2mml.xsl file, and its redistribution and licensing are documented in official Microsoft Q&A forums</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's Math in Office documentation provides mappings between MathML and OMML elements for built-up Office Math</snippet>. The available snippets confirm Microsoft's official XSLT tooling for MathML↔OMML conversion, though comprehensive documentation on mml2omml.xsl specifics and third-party library support (docx4j/OpenXML PowerTools) requires additional targeted searches.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Coughlin et al. (2012) finding that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Bierbaum et al. (2005) noted that children with intellectual disabilities often misbehave during challenging tasks, suggesting teachers should emphasize their similarities to peers and support engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Studies highlight the effectiveness of self-monitoring and self-understanding strategies in enhancing the mathematical performance of children with intellectual disabilities</snippet>, specifically through <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">tape-recorded self-instruction cues that resulted in significant improvements in problem accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process</snippet>, leading to <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">immediate improvements in accuracy that were maintained in follow-up assessments</snippet>. However, the available evidence focuses primarily on self-management and behavior control rather than explicit self-understanding outcomes, with <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">picture activity schedules and adapted power cards also recommended as supportive strategies</snippet> for children with mild to severe disabilities.
</answer>

<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), with the exception of tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still available on the market</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products, particularly those marketed to youth</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LRjKfcX">The FDA will closely monitor use rates of all e-cigarette products including tobacco and menthol flavored e-cigarettes among youth</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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The search results indicate that the triple bottom line (TBL) framework is being applied to long-term care sustainability, with one study explicitly analyzing dynamics under TBL dimensions of quality, access, cost, and environment <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>understanding the dynamics between government policies and private sector responses is crucial for enhancing long-term care sustainability under the triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. Another multi-criteria decision making approach evaluates American LTC systems to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness through economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment dimensions <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. These frameworks address sustainability challenges including cost and affordability, geographic disparities, and staffing difficulties <snippet id=S_3hbno9x>Long-term care refers to a range of medical, personal and social services required for chronic conditions and disability among older adults. Key long-term care challenges include cost and affordability issues, geographic disparities, staffing difficulties, infrastructure deficits and discharge delays</snippet>. Denmark's home- and community-based system shows that expenditures leveled off and access to services remain satisfactory <snippet id=S_9PDixuh>After 12 years of implementing integrated systems for home- and community-based services in 275 municipalities, growth in Danish long-term care expenditures has leveled off; expenditures appear to be decreasing for the over-80 population and have dropped as a percentage of the gross domestic product. Access to and quality of long-term care services appear to remain generally satisfactory</snippet>. China's community home-based elderly care services received significant government investment to reduce costs and support aging-in-place <snippet id=S_Ytpi9uV>China's elderly population reached 20.56 million (14.2% of the total population) by the end of 2021, with a significant disparity between supply and demand for long-term care services, prompting the government to focus on sustainable community home-based elderly care services (CHECS) to reduce costs and support aging-in-place, backed by a 5 billion yuan investment from 2016 to 2020 for pilot reforms</snippet>. However, no snippet explicitly references Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model or provides detailed mediation/moderation analysis in digital/smart eldercare contexts <snippet id=S_8XJoond>S_8XJoond>S_8XJoond>Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances; future systems must prioritize sustainable development, considering factors like affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to enhance quality and access while managing costs and environmental impacts</snippet>.

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<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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The search results provide general FPV design guidance covering mooring systems and underwater cables, but do not specifically identify IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 standards <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ">Key design factors for an optimal FPV system include modularity, reliability, durability, protection, support structure size, ease of installation, and cost reduction</snippet>. Mooring system optimization is shown to be complex, with methodologies including genetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization considering anchor positioning and cable specifications <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">The design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex due to numerous variables and constraints</snippet>. Floating platforms typically use high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or metal, connected to anchors via mooring lines that provide flexibility and stability against wind and waves <snippet id="S_CoNxRSP">The stability of these structures is crucial, requiring proper anchoring based on the reservoir's soil type and water level. Concrete block anchors are commonly used, connected to the floating PV array via mooring lines, which provide flexibility and stability against wind and waves</snippet>. Underwater cables are essential for power transfer from the FPV array to the substation, with inverter stations positioned to minimize resistive losses <snippet id="S_HcBohzv">The power generated from the PV array installed on the floating structure is connected to the substation through underwater cables. Based on the distance of the substation from the FPV array, the inverter station is either placed on the ground or on a separate floating platform near the PV array to reduce the resistive losses</snippet>. However, specific navigation, marking, and vessel interaction guidance from IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 was not found in these results <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">The paper outlines the state of the art in FPV technology, detailing components such as floaters and mooring systems, and discusses challenges associated with offshore applications. Key sections cover floating PV structures, mooring system layouts, marine applications, design considerations, load limits, and risks in offshore settings</snippet>.
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The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">and own-account workers as self-employed without continuous employees</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">The classification further distinguishes six worker statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">A key innovation is the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_wPDY4Jm">National implementations may vary, with some studies classifying employment into four categories including full-time permanent, precarious, self-employed, and not in employment</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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The search results do not contain explicit documentation of English as lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities with direct links to social integration metrics <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed linguistic and cross-cultural comfort of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, but rather document EMI implementation in other non-Anglophone contexts <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO">The rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education is linked to the internationalization of education and the need for local students to enhance their career prospects</snippet>. One snippet mentions Russian universities offering EMI programs <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">Since 2010, when the MOE announced its ten-year plan for expanding international student education, there have been a series of supporting schemes such as the launch of EMI and bilingual programs for international students in many universities</snippet>, but this refers to China's EMI expansion, not Russia. The systematic review discusses EMI implementation globally <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">English-medium instruction is increasingly adopted in higher education globally, particularly in non-English-speaking countries, to enhance university prestige, attract international students, and improve employability</snippet>, yet provides no Russia-specific evidence linking language practices to social integration or classroom/peer interaction patterns. Therefore, the query did not yield the required Russia-based EMI/ELF study with explicit documentation of language practices affecting social integration for international students in Russia.

<answer>
The search results do not contain explicit documentation of English as lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities with direct links to social integration metrics <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed linguistic and cross-cultural comfort of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, but rather document EMI implementation in other non-Anglophone contexts <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO">The rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education is linked to the internationalization of education and the need for local students to enhance their career prospects</snippet>. One snippet mentions Russian universities offering EMI programs <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">Since 2010, when the MOE announced its ten-year plan for expanding international student education, there have been a series of supporting schemes such as the launch of EMI and bilingual programs for international students in many universities</snippet>, but this refers to China's EMI expansion, not Russia. The systematic review discusses EMI implementation globally <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">English-medium instruction is increasingly adopted in higher education globally, particularly in non-English-speaking countries, to enhance university prestige, attract international students, and improve employability</snippet>, yet provides no Russia-specific evidence linking language practices to social integration or classroom/peer interaction patterns. Therefore, the query did not yield the required Russia-based EMI/ELF study with explicit documentation of language practices affecting social integration for international students in Russia.
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<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is confirmed as a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet> and <snippet id="95020,20176">is set in Istanbul, where a systems analyst named Hope Cassidy is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">The DVD Talk review describes it as a loose sequel to the 1995 original</snippet>, though <snippet id="95020,28554">neither the DVD Talk review nor the IGN source identifies the film's composer</snippet>. <snippet id="28554">The plot follows a computer expert who loses identity and bank accounts before clearing her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">The DVD Talk review rates it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. The composer's nationality remains unconfirmed in the available search results.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga system architecture and hardware registers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes a Register Summary in alphabetical order and coprocessor hardware documentation</snippet>, which provides the AGA chipset register maps and memory address organization needed for 68030 assembly programming. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release</snippet>, containing material on Exec, Libraries, Devices, Intuition, and Graphics system programming interfaces. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA-2000 documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution and 12-bit color support</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_czITQzS">additional Amiga hardware manuals are available from Retro Commodore with PDF files</snippet>. These documents together provide the authoritative reference material needed for writing 68030 assembly code on the Amiga 1200 with 8 MB Fast RAM and AGA chipset.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">While conventional neuromorphic computing relies on solid-state memristive devices based on metal-insulator-metal architectures, aqueous chemimemristors using proton-permeable graphene membranes and nanofluidic devices showing memristive behavior offer alternative bioinspired approaches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YkA1LR2">For digital neuromorphic hardware, SRAM crossbar arrays are preferred for higher throughput, while analog systems may leverage next-generation memory like ReRAM and memristors for enhanced synaptic weight management in reservoir computing applications from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7aDjN43">Three-terminal synaptic devices including memtransistors and ferroelectric devices are explored as alternatives to traditional two-terminal devices to overcome current leakage and lack of precise synaptic weight adjustment</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111">The album was critically acclaimed, earning an 87% Metacritic score</snippet>, and <snippet id="27111">debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200 while becoming RIAA-certified</snippet>. <snippet id="27111">It won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter," and Best Pop/Country Collaborations</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">The album is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>, and <snippet id="93249">their later collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was the duo's second album together</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in sprint performance between a 6.4% maltodextrin carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">The concept of "glycostat" suggests chemoreceptors in muscles communicate carbohydrate status to the brain, potentially influencing energy expenditure through central ergogenic effects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding its effects on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running with physiological responses comparable to professional soccer matches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_a74wEj9">Energy production during brief sprints is derived from degradation of intra-muscular phosphocreatine and glycogen (anaerobic metabolism), with prolonged periods of multiple sprints draining muscle glycogen stores and reducing power output</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<snippet id=391d2d98-3>According to the search results, there is a record of a "Captain Delaunay" role in the West End musical "Erminie" in 1885, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical comedy</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>The snippet also lists other credits for the performer including "Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward"</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-0,391d2d98-5,391d2d98-8>The other search results refer to unrelated entities such as the Eurodance project "Captain Hollywood Project" and the duo "Captain & Tennille"</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Therefore, the specific information about a London-originated musical role called "Captain Delauney" is not clearly supported by these search snippets</snippet>.

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
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The search results did not retrieve the specific "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" paper with substantive text, as the only matching record (S_Jgj08Rj) contains only the title without article content <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval</snippet>. However, several related reviews provide regulatory and translational context for optical imaging agents, including fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) systems <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">The article reviews the regulatory pathways for the approval of fluorescence imaging agents and devices used in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery</snippet> and historical FDA approval trends for agents like indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Key fluorescent imaging agents, such as indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein, were initially approved for different uses before becoming integral to fluorescence imaging. ICG was approved in 1959, and fluorescein in 1972</snippet>. These reviews discuss FGS system performance capabilities, including real-time overlay, nanomolar-level sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key evaluation criteria for these instruments include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, functionality in ambient lighting, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities</snippet>, which could inform clinical reporting domains. The reviews also note that few probes have received clinical approval due to regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Recent advancements focus on modifying existing dyes for better penetration and signal quality... but further development is necessary to enhance optical resolution and capabilities</snippet>. For the specific reporting recommendations the agent needs, a more targeted search may be required to locate the full text of the target article.

<answer>
The search results did not retrieve the specific "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" paper with substantive text, as the only matching record (S_Jgj08Rj) contains only the title without article content <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval</snippet>. However, related reviews provide regulatory and translational context for optical imaging agents, including fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) systems <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">The article reviews the regulatory pathways for the approval of fluorescence imaging agents and devices used in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery</snippet> and historical FDA approval trends for agents like indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Key fluorescent imaging agents, such as indocyanine green (ICG) and fluorescein, were initially approved for different uses before becoming integral to fluorescence imaging. ICG was approved in 1959, and fluorescein in 1972</snippet>. These reviews discuss FGS system performance capabilities, including real-time overlay, nanomolar-level sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key evaluation criteria for these instruments include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, functionality in ambient lighting, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities</snippet>, which could inform clinical reporting domains. The reviews also note that few probes have received clinical approval due to regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Recent advancements focus on modifying existing dyes for better penetration and signal quality... but further development is necessary to enhance optical resolution and capabilities</snippet>. For the specific reporting recommendations the agent needs, a more targeted search may be required to locate the full text of the target article.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.