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<snippet id="S_ow0RlxD,S_b61oqd3">Digital health inequities are exacerbated by socioeconomic barriers, with disparities persisting among individuals who have lower income, less education, and belong to racial or ethnic minorities</snippet>, <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">who often lack the resources necessary for effective telemedicine use such as broadband internet access and digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Health providers may also lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity as well as the cultural humility to understand how their patients and communities may experience or interact with technology</snippet>. <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">The Association of American Medical Colleges reported that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula, reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care</snippet>, <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">with training often including practical experiences with virtual platforms, online assistance, and assessments to evaluate student performance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">However, standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, despite a framework being developed using the Four P's of Telehealth (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles, with ongoing professional development and mentoring needed to maintain skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">The emerging role of digital navigators requires specific competencies in digital health, with proposed training programs focusing on technical assistance in clinical workflows</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ChDg9cS">Training healthcare providers to understand the social determinants of health is essential for tailoring telemedicine services to meet the specific needs of patients, thereby enhancing the overall impact of telehealth initiatives</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been applied to cotton seeds at five different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed) in greenhouse experiments</snippet>, where the application <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio, or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">MC is effective in controlling excessive cotton growth, significantly reducing plant height and node number in relation to its application rate</snippet>, with optimal efficacy at 30°C during the day and 20°C at night. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, and application increases leaf thickness while reducing leaf area and internodes. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Increasing doses of MC caused decreasing plant height, leaf stems, total above-ground dry matter, nodes, branching, and the number of fully opened bolls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel "The Joy Luck Club" centers on fraught mother-daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">Central themes include mothers' traditional Chinese values and traumatic pasts clashing with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">The novel explores daughters' struggles with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings as they navigate their mothers' expectations</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">Power, identity, and female agency across migration are recurrent motifs that reveal mothers' pasts and daughters' misreadings</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting shared histories</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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The provided search results do not contain specific scRNA-seq data on ketamine-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse prefrontal cortex or hippocampus <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_KNwlTux">These snippets describe general single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and their applications to brain tissues, but do not report specific findings on ketamine effects</snippet>. One study discusses scRNA-seq in the context of WNT signaling on cortical neuronal spine maturation, which is relevant to ketamine's effects on synaptogenesis <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">The study focuses on the impact of WNT signaling on cortical neuronal spine maturation and synaptogenesis in Tbr1 mutants, with implications for understanding neuronal development in the context of ketamine effects on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus</snippet>, but does not specifically address ketamine treatment. Another snippet mentions single-nucleus transcriptomics of prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder implicating oligodendrocyte precursor cells and excitatory neurons <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">The study sequenced ~80,000 nuclear transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex of MDD cases and psychiatrically healthy controls and identified cell-type-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These results point to gene expression changes in predominantly two cell types: OPCs and deep layer excitatory neurons</snippet>, but this is a human post-mortem study rather than a ketamine-treated mouse model. The search results contain general information about scRNA-seq platforms, cell type discovery, and psychiatric disorder research, but lack the specific quantitative and mechanistic findings the agent is seeking about ketamine or SSRIs <snippet id="S_gAMV8ZR,S_qnEFPDZ">These snippets describe technical implementations and platform comparisons but do not report drug-specific transcriptional responses</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by supportive legislation such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' which allows temporary use of buildings and integrates cultural history into land use plans</snippet>, with local authorities shifting from direct investors to facilitators of development that promote public-private financing partnerships <snippet id="S_vKl66cs">. The national government has committed to an adaptive reuse program as part of its 'heritage counts' 2018−21 policy, providing investment incentives that make adaptive reuse the most viable option for spatial development amid economic crises</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">A study analyzing 53 adaptive reuse cases since 2014 revealed a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages while demonstrating strong stakeholder recognition of adaptive reuse's importance (96% of stakeholders affirmed its importance)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4,S_0hvikSw">The Dutch circular economy programme targets at least 50% circularity in the building sector by 2030, with adaptive reuse helping to reduce raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions while avoiding wasteful demolition processes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable projects include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices using demolished materials, showcasing functionalist architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between preservation of cultural values and perceived importance of circularity performance, indicating limited understanding of circularity frameworks among stakeholders</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">Private ownership in heritage projects increased from 45% to 89%, with 24 cases utilizing mixed funding and 52% of financial instruments coming from public funding</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied in online blended teaching methodologies with a cohort of 75 undergraduate students enrolled in an IT in Business course, where motivational factors including attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction were addressed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">Before, during, and after treatment surveys based on the original Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions were conducted to determine the effectiveness of blended teaching methodologies on students' motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The BTM based on the ARCS model enhanced and/or sustained students' motivation and kept the subject interesting in an online environment, ultimately improving their learning</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_hX0trSo,S_N6iFqRQ,S_sojw4wD,S_Nv2DGCg">the available search results do not specifically document IMMS or ARCS applications in nursing or health professions, with most studies focusing on general education, IT courses, or blended learning in other health contexts without explicit mention of motivation measurement tools</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tpeYzYE">While health care students and professionals have been surveyed using various instruments, the specific ARCS/IMMS measures were not found in the nursing health professions online blended learning context in these snippets</snippet>.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_H6H06tT,S_7vrGXF4,S_6tLta3F">The search results demonstrate that knowledge graphs have been implemented to capture semantic relationships within electronic health record (EHR) datasets such as MIMIC III</snippet>, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">using ontologies created in Protege and mapping procedures to convert tabular data to ontology terms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">This approach enables SPARQL queries to retrieve and analyze information for patient outcomes and risk factor identification</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 seconds, enhancing decision-making capabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">These systems have the potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional research has been conducted on EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems for clinical practice</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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Based on the available reviews, precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical LIB recycling, though it can result in co-precipitation of lithium causing losses up to 30% <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">precipitation being the most commonly used</snippet>, <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">chemical precipitation, cementation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, or membrane separations can be applied</snippet>. To prevent such losses, solvent extraction (SX) is used to selectively remove elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 30% with precipitation alone <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction methods are used to selectively remove elements, such as Co, Ni, Al, and Mn. Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective, reducing the losses to 3% per extraction stage and reducing overall lithium losses to 15%</snippet>. Recent research also shows that tailored nanosorbents like lithium manganese oxide nanotubes exhibit excellent stability and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Tailored nanosorbents, like lithium manganese oxide (Li 1.1 Mn 1.9 O 4 ) nanotubes, have exhibited excellent stability, recyclability, and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles</snippet>. However, ion exchange technology presents significant technical and economic challenges with high energy consumption and acid waste production, limiting global recycling rates to less than 6% <snippet id="S_aewi150">The reliance on ion exchange technology for lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries presents significant technical and economic challenges, including high energy consumption and acid waste production, resulting in less than 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>. For lithium recovery specifically, precipitation with sodium carbonate remains a state-of-the-art approach being compared with alternative precipitants like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">The work is intended to compare the classic method of the precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate (state of the art) with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">the blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">A 154-pound person has about 12 pints (5.5 liters) of blood</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult, who is between 150 to 160 pounds, as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn bcc derived I-43m tetrahedral sites have an interstitial fraction (IF) ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, with 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular and induce tetragonal distortion of the lattice near octahedral interstitial atoms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn in As is more stable than Mn in Ga by 0.16, 0.31, and 0.31 eV for charge states q=1,2, and 3 respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral sites in InP are 1.2 eV higher than the quasi-hexagonal site, indicating instability compared to hexagonal interstitial configurations</snippet>. These snippets confirm that tetrahedral interstitials in bcc structures reduce symmetry and are generally less stable than alternative interstitial sites, though the specific cI16 Li/Na or alpha-Mn I-43m phase connections to tetrahedral displacement are not explicitly detailed in these results.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD trial enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 into a 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab arm or placebo arm</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_p20O8Yh">the primary endpoint being the change from baseline on the CDR-SB at 18 months</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Lecanemab slowed decline on the CDR-SB by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared with placebo</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_ipB4qty">a between-group difference of −0.45 CDR points (95% CI −0.67 to −0.23, p < 0.001)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">The most common AEs included infusion reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (16.9% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed ARIA incidence varied by APOE ε4 status, with homozygotes having 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E incidence</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">ε4 heterozygotes had 14% ARIA-H and 10.9% ARIA-E incidence</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo">non-carriers had the lowest incidence of 11.9% ARIA-H and 5.4% ARIA-E</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ipB4qty">Symptomatic ARIA-E was 2.8% in lecanemab versus 0% in placebo, and isolated symptomatic ARIA-H was 0.7% versus 0.2%</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection, with 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) recruited to explore study strategies on long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42), though several moderators exist such as retention interval length, material characteristics, and successive versus simultaneous presentation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions, with F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, and  P 2 = .31</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult, with effective interventions like spaced retrieval further improving retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaving is described as "unpopular with students but shown to be successful" in medical education, where traditional learning methods do not ensure long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_avfxf73">Interleaving increases the likelihood of mastery and memory by forcing the brain to reconcile relationships between related but different areas of study</snippet>.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa,S_R0Q0yol">Exosomal components including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins have been identified as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC metastasis, with serum/plasma exosomal markers showing higher AUC values compared to conventional serum markers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">For example, serum exosomal CEA achieved an AUC of 0.9354, significantly higher than serum CEA alone (0.8557) for predicting distant metastasis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Proteomic analysis identified FGB and b2-GP1 as significantly higher in CRC patients, with AUC values of 0.871 and 0.834 respectively, surpassing conventional markers CA19-9 and CEA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b downregulation showed AUC of 0.631 to 0.793 for CRC detection, with a higher AUC of 0.830 achieved in differentiating CRC at stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Elevated exosomal miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a levels show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC with high AUC for non-invasive monitoring</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in CRC patients and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patients compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Despite promising biomarker candidates, circulating exosomal markers in serum have yet to be fully developed for CRC detection due to technical obstacles including false positive/negative results and expensive molecular testing</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">gRPC could become dominant in the future thanks to the adoption of the HTTP/2 protocol and to the use of Protobuf as the payload format</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for performance and energy consumption in microservices architecture, noting lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">A study using DeathStarBench measures latency for 20 requests per second over 250 seconds, breaking down in-application and network processing times</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeding up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling achieves performance comparable to gRPC, with 2.6× and 3.7× faster goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs,S_DuAkisQ,S_4WGstNM">the available snippets provide protocol comparison overviews but lack detailed quantitative energy metrics (e.g., RAPL or power meter data) for gRPC vs REST in microservices</snippet>.
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<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">A study on public transportation and carbon emissions in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019 employs 2SLS to address endogeneity issues, using public transport development level as the core explanatory variable measured by number of public buses and rail transit vehicles multiplied by passenger volume, with population density as a control variable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another Chinese study addressing endogeneity in urbanization and CO2 emissions uses instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990, railway services introduced in 1937, and provincial railway mileage in 1990</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A separate study on digital technology innovation and carbon emissions in the transportation industry uses the number of post offices in 1984 as an instrumental variable for digital innovation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">One study examining female employment and fertility in China uses the presence of a bus stop in a woman's village or neighborhood as an instrumental variable for off-farm employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_A6z2bxW">A multidimensional energy poverty study in China uses community-level MEPI as an instrumental variable in 2SLS regression to address endogeneity</snippet>. None of these snippets provide explicit evidence that researchers have used historical population as an instrumental variable specifically for the number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) maps a random variable X with cumulative distribution function F to a transformed variable U = F(X) that follows a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and X follows the distribution defined by F</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">This transformation converts sampled values from an unknown continuous distribution into a uniform distribution on the interval (0,1) when the CDF of the target distribution is tractable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship between U and the random variable Y defined by Y = F^(-1)(U) ensures that the distribution of Y corresponds to the desired distribution defined by F, enabling the inverse transform sampling method</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transform's values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution, which is preferred for calibration purposes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_njVYIe9">Under the null hypothesis H0: F(x) = x for a continuous distribution F0, the transformed variable U = F0(X) follows a uniform distribution on (0,1), allowing for hypothesis testing via the empirical distribution function</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables vehicles in remote areas to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to cache data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">UAVs can pre-store popular content and serve multiple ground users simultaneously, enhancing network performance through a two-tier data transmission model</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs act as intelligent content cache providers by equipping them with cache storage to proactively store and distribute frequently requested content, minimizing redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_F19Wt1q">SAGIN's flexible resource deployment through UAVs and satellites allows for optimized service delivery based on user needs across space, air, ground, and sea domains</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective applications up to 900 °C, with the NiCr matrix providing corrosion resistance and the carbide ceramic phase providing wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Conventional and nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings are generally synthesized using thermal spray techniques, with nanocrystalline coatings exhibiting better erosion-corrosion resistance due to fine-grain structure and homogeneous distribution of hard carbide phases</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings possess low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good adhesion strength, with optimal wear resistance at 500 °C achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms have been investigated in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">Erosion-corrosion protection studies have been conducted on stainless steel using Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings</snippet>. However, the available snippets do not provide specific oilfield-relevant tribo/erosion-corrosion or CO2/H2S brine data for downhole tools, nor do they cover WC-Co/Cr3C2-NiCr hardfacings, PVD/CVD CrN/CrAlN, or high-entropy alloy coatings.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">OFDMA divides the available spectrum into orthogonal sub-carriers and allocates these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA is the version of FDMA in which the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other and is an adaptation of the OFDM modulation technique for multiple access</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is the pre-DFT encoded version of FDMA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_fg0OhCM">The LTE radio access network utilizes 10ms frames divided into ten 1ms subframes, with each subframe containing two slots and 7 OFDM symbols</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">The radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB), with 1 ms in the time domain and 180 KHz in the frequency domain</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ufhk6e0">LTE-M inherits several features from LTE, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink</snippet>.
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<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet>, supporting operators like addition, multiplication, and comparison over encrypted values. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Conceptual work has demonstrated how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND, and XOR on ciphertexts can process complex selection, range, join, or aggregation queries on encrypted data in the cloud</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB employ multilayered encryption to efficiently process various SQL computations without compromising data privacy</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR,S_YCCuRuG">FHE-based SQL query execution remains impractical due to high computational overhead</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes</snippet>. No search results indicate a specific database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that has been deployed as a service, so the agent's existing findings of HEaaS platforms, MLaaS systems (PrivFT, THE-X), and NLP/transformer inference systems remain the primary concrete applications for FHE in cloud settings.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, with spin diffusion length of 2.1 ± 0.5 nm, enabling significant spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) of about 1%</snippet>, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples and exceeds Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures. <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">The spin Hall conductivity of α-W is ≈3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, with |σSHα-W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1 compared to |σSHamorphous-W|=1.05×105 Ω−1 m−1</snippet>, confirming W-based structures show the largest spin–orbit torque efficiency among 5d transition metals. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">CoFeB layers exhibit field-free deterministic magnetic switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², highlighting the efficiency of spin Hall angle torque in achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established in W/CoFeB/MgO multilayer structures with Hf spacers, enabling current-driven magnetic switching with strong spin torque on CoFeB from in-plane charge currents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">Optimized β-W/CoFeB heterostructures with W–Ta or W–V alloy layers boost torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40% compared to pristine tungsten films</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs, MAOIs, and tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_nregWI1">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4,S_R8cplWP">Physical exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">voluntary exercise boosts neurogenesis in adult mice, particularly those exposed to early life stress</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis allows the gut microbiota to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions targeting PPARα and AMPK pathways can support neurogenesis, with fenofibrate alleviating stress-induced depression-like behaviors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine also have drawbacks, including short efficacy duration and adverse effects</snippet>.
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<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft Word uses the file mml2omml.xsl as an XSLT stylesheet to perform the conversion from MathML to OMML in the background</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_iBtRRBw">The reverse conversion is handled by the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet, which is included with Microsoft Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">The omml2mathml package on npm is a utility that converts from Microsoft's OMML to MathML, ported from the XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">Microsoft's official documentation does not explicitly detail the redistribution terms for these XSLT files</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's Math in Office documentation provides mappings between MathML and OMML elements</snippet>. The available snippets confirm the existence of these conversion tools but do not provide comprehensive official documentation on their usage or legal redistribution terms.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding, though specific intervention outcomes are not detailed in this review</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems, using a multiple baseline design with traditional didactic instruction in the first baseline phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">The study by Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) investigated the impact of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the addition and subtraction performance of nine elementary students with learning disabilities, with the experimental group receiving training in a 10-step self-instructional procedure and practicing with tape-recorded cues, resulting in significant improvements in problem accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process, with students marking their performance with plus or minus signs next to each reminder while completing worksheets</snippet>. However, none of the available snippets provide explicit evidence connecting self-monitoring interventions to enhanced self-understanding outcomes specifically for children with intellectual disabilities, as the self-understanding improvements appear to be linked to mathematical performance gains rather than self-awareness measures <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Overall, these studies highlight the effectiveness of self-monitoring and self-understanding strategies in enhancing the mathematical performance of children with intellectual disabilities</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2,S_Igxcgdq">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, with the exception of tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based electronic cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a blanket "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has accepted and begun review of some flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, particularly those marketed to youth</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
</answer>


The search results do not contain explicit references to the "triple bottom line" (TBL) framework or Donabedian structure-process-outcome models applied to long-term care/elderly services <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">mentions triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment from 2020 to 2025</snippet> but does not provide the full model structure. However, several studies do employ multi-dimensional frameworks evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness <snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">necessitating a multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. Sustainability challenges are widely documented, including rising costs, geographic disparities, and staffing shortages <snippet id="S_3hbno9x">Long-term care systems are facing serious challenges in meeting the increasing demand. Key long-term care challenges include cost and affordability issues, geographic disparities, staffing difficulties, infrastructure deficits and discharge delays</snippet>. Long-term care expenditures in Denmark have leveled off after 12 years of integrated home- and community-based systems, suggesting sustainable policy models are feasible <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">After 12 years of implementing integrated systems for home- and community-based services in 275 municipalities, growth in Danish long-term care expenditures has leveled off</snippet>. China's government has invested 5 billion yuan from 2016 to 2020 for pilot reforms of community home-based elderly care services to support aging-in-place <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">China's elderly population reached 20.56 million (14.2% of the total population) by the end of 2021, with a significant disparity between supply and demand for long-term care services, prompting the government to focus on sustainable community home-based elderly care services (CHECS) to reduce costs and support aging-in-place, backed by a 5 billion yuan investment from 2016 to 2020 for pilot reforms</snippet>.

<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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The search results provide general FPV design guidance covering mooring systems, floating platforms, and underwater cables, but do not specifically reference IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 standards <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ">Key design factors for an optimal FPV system include modularity, reliability, durability, protection, support structure size, ease of installation, and cost reduction</snippet>. Mooring system design is described as complex with optimization approaches for anchor positioning, cable specifications, and fatigue risk mitigation <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">The design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex due to numerous variables and constraints</snippet>. Floating platforms typically use high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or metal, with stability requiring proper anchoring based on soil type and water level <snippet id="S_CoNxRSP">The stability of these structures is crucial, requiring proper anchoring based on the reservoir's soil type and water level</snippet>. Anchoring mechanisms commonly include concrete block anchors connected via mooring lines, with elastic mooring lines beneficial during varying water levels <snippet id="S_HcBohzv">Consequently, to increase the overall efficiency of the system, a cleaning and tracking mechanism can be implemented</snippet>. Underwater cables transmit power from the PV array to a substation, with inverter stations positioned to minimize resistive losses <snippet id="S_HcBohzv">The power generated from the PV array installed on the floating structure is connected to the substation through underwater cables</snippet>. Specific standards like IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 were not found in these results, though general offshore renewable energy guidance is available <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">The paper outlines the state of the art in FPV technology, detailing components such as floaters and mooring systems, and discusses challenges associated with offshore applications</snippet>.
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The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P,S_ZXK2mwq">The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduces the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">These statuses include formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment, with distinctions based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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The search results provide general information about English-medium instruction (EMI) and English as a lingua franca in higher education, but do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage specifically in Russian universities with cohort-specific language preferences or direct links between language choices and social integration metrics <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO,S_34tTZZm">The rise of EMI is linked to the internationalization of education and the need for local students to enhance career prospects in non-Anglophone contexts</snippet>. While EMI is implemented in various countries including Russia, the available snippets do not document Russian-specific evidence on how English usage as lingua franca affects international students' social integration <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">In China, EMI and bilingual programs expanded rapidly from 2010, but this does not provide Russian university-specific data</snippet>. One snippet mentions Russia's Bologna process involvement emphasizing foreign language proficiency, but does not address EMI or integration patterns <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">Russia's education system faces challenges in implementing second foreign language curricula, with only 20.86% of schools offering multiple foreign languages</snippet>. Therefore, the current search results do not provide the specific Russia-based EMI/ELF study documentation linking language practices to social integration or classroom/peer interaction patterns that the agent requires <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed linguistic comfort of Chinese and Arabic international students, but does not document EMI usage or integration outcomes</snippet>.

<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller set in Istanbul about a systems analyst framed via identity theft</snippet>, <snippet id="20176,28554">distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>, and <snippet id="95020">is a loose sequel to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The plot involves a computer expert who loses identity and bank accounts before clearing her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review describes it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development</snippet>, while <snippet id="28554">IGN rates it mediocre (5/10) with strong video and audio</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">Neither the DVD Talk review nor available sources identify the film's composer</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from Internet Archive and other sources, covering the A1200, A500, and A2000 release machines</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes a Register Summary in Alphabetical Order and detailed sections on Coprocessor Hardware, Playfield Hardware, and the Enhanced Chip Set</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release with material from Steve Beats, David Berezowski, and other developers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA (Amiga Graphics Adapter) provides up to 704×510 resolution with either PAL or NTSC support, working in 12-bit mode</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">The 2nd Edition manual was edited and typeset on an Amiga 2500 running AMIX, and covers the A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Developing water-based bioinspired memristive devices is significant for neuromorphic computing and developing next-generation brain-machine interfaces, as aqueous memristive devices are analogs of biological synapses</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">These Janus nanopore synapses offer a pathway for neuromorphic computing that mimics the brain's synaptic functionality in a massively parallel fashion, more efficient for sophisticated computational tasks such as artificial cognition and intelligence</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111">It debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was RIAA-certified, and earned multiple Grammys at the 2009 ceremony including Album of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Pop/Country collaborations</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">The album is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>, and <snippet id="93249">their later collaboration Raise the Roof (2021) was also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between a 6.4% maltodextrin mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with a 10% maltodextrin solution associated with an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">The concept of "glycostat" suggests chemoreceptors in muscles communicate carbohydrate status to the brain, potentially influencing energy expenditure</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Turner et al. demonstrated that carbohydrate mouth rinse can increase activation within the primary sensorimotor cortex during physical activity and enhance activation of neural networks involved in sensory perception</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding its effects on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">There are relatively few studies examining the effects of carbohydrates on performance in intermittent sports, and existing research often lacks consistency due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>According to the search results, there is no mention of a musical role called "Captain Delauney" originated by an actress in London</snippet>. The snippets reference different entities including <snippet id=391d2d98-0,391d2d98-5>the Eurodance music project Captain Hollywood Project</snippet>, <snippet id=391d2d98-8>the duo Captain & Tennille</snippet>, and <snippet id=391d2d98-3>an actor named Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. The name "Delaunay" appears in connection with <snippet id=391d2d98-2,391d2d98-7>Sonia Delaunay</snippet>, a celebrated 19th-century English performer and modern artist, but no musical role titled "Captain Delauney" is documented in these results. <snippet id=391d2d98-1>The Sound of Music</snippet> is mentioned but does not reference this specific role.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
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The search successfully located the target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" which appears in the results <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval</snippet>. However, the available search snippets do not contain the substantive text detailing specific reporting domains and recommendations from this article. The results instead provide general background on fluorescence-guided surgery regulatory pathways <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">The article reviews the regulatory pathways for the approval of fluorescence imaging agents and devices used in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery</snippet> and review articles on optical imaging agents <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Recent advancements focus on modifying existing dyes for better penetration and signal quality, particularly in the near-infrared (NIR) range</snippet>. To obtain the concrete reporting recommendations needed for clinical discussion questions, you would need to access the full text of the target article directly rather than relying on these general review snippets. The search did confirm the article's existence, which is the primary goal given the agent's missing information gap.

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


The search results do not contain substantive content from the paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models." The available snippets are either tangential (discussing IAMs in general, SDG trade-offs, or urban integrated assessment) or from different papers entirely. <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The paper title is identified but no abstract or methods are provided</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX">This snippet discusses advancing a toolkit of diverse futures approaches for global environmental assessments</snippet>, not the specific paper's findings. <snippet id="S_onh5WOE">This snippet mentions integrated assessment models are essential for capturing diverse knowledge across environmental and socio-economic disciplines</snippet>, but does not reference the target paper. No paragraph-level evidence about the paper's "possibility space" framing, assessment methodology for IAM capabilities and gaps, or empirical intercomparison results is present in the current search snippets. A refined search with the specific paper title or alternative keywords may be needed to retrieve the target content.

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
</answer>


<answer>
The search did not identify a peer-reviewed review or empirical study specifically by Merga in *Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy* or a similar literacy research journal focusing on secondary school best practices for adolescent recreational reading <snippet id="S_WIheApX">Merga (2019a) discusses school librarians' literacy supportive role, but the article is from a UK context rather than a US secondary school best practices review</snippet>. However, multiple sources confirm that Merga has published on reading engagement, with research indicating that pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency and literacy growth <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">Merga (2019c) conceptualizes engaged readers as those who find reading enjoyable, which stimulates them to read more</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_M9NC8Eo">a U.K. literacy survey indicated that middle adolescence (ages 14–16) is a critical period for declining positive attitudes toward reading</snippet>.

For concrete best practices, existing evidence recommends providing dedicated reading time, implementing summer reading programs, and creating supportive classroom contexts that foster engagement through choice, collaboration, and competence <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">key strategies include promoting choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings, which have been linked to increased intrinsic motivation</snippet>.

Teacher support and librarian involvement remain crucial, with qualified school librarians in well-resourced libraries associated with benefits for students' literacy attainment <snippet id="S_HOSScoU">school librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement among students, thereby supporting their literacy development</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_WIheApX">the presence of qualified school librarians in well-resourced school libraries is associated with benefits for students' literacy attainment</snippet>.

While the search did not yield a specific Merga review paper, the cumulative evidence from multiple sources provides actionable strategies for enhancing adolescent recreational reading in secondary schools.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
The EU AI Act establishes a risk-based regulatory framework with specific transparency requirements for high-risk AI systems outlined in Article 13<snippet id="S_0NbePdE">Article 13 mandates that high-risk AI systems must provide sufficient transparency mechanisms and include user instructions that are accessible and understandable, detailing the systems' characteristics, capabilities, and limitations</snippet><snippet id="S_RLXmKuG">Article 13(1) mandates that high-risk AI systems must be "sufficiently" transparent, allowing for differentiation based on the system's transparency levels</snippet>. High-risk systems must also adhere to strict documentation obligations covering datasets, AI system design, and training methodologies<snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">Article 11(2) allows for a unified technical documentation file that combines AI system details with existing EU MDR/IVDR documentation, including comprehensive information on the AI system's design, architecture, data requirements, training methodologies, and performance metrics</snippet><snippet id="S_NQAOkk3">Minimum documentation requirements vary depending on the AI system's risk level (minimal risk, limited risk, or high risk) and the intended recipient (users or authorities and conformity assessment bodies)</snippet>. The Act also establishes specific transparency duties for general-purpose AI (GPAI) systems, which may be subject to high-risk obligations if used in high-risk contexts<snippet id="S_E4eihUQ">Articles 4a-4c address the regulation of general-purpose AI systems (GPAIS), which are subject to high-risk obligations if they can be used in high-risk contexts or as components of high-risk systems</snippet><snippet id="S_xQp268d">GPAI providers may face additional procedures and obligations if their models are classified as general-purpose AI (GPAI) models of systemic risk</snippet>. Furthermore, the legislation includes horizontal transparency duties requiring AI systems to be sufficiently transparent to enable users to interpret outputs<snippet id="S_0NbePdE">Revisions to the Act have emphasized the importance of explainability, particularly during inspections and user interactions</snippet><snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">The EU AI Act emphasizes the importance of transparency in high-risk AI systems, requiring providers to ensure that human overseers can understand and monitor the system's outputs and limitations</snippet>.
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The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
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