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<snippet id="S_ow0RlxD">Telehealth has the potential to reduce healthcare access gaps for isolated and rural populations, but it may inadvertently exacerbate disparities for those who would benefit most due to existing barriers</snippet>, with disadvantaged groups often facing poorer health outcomes and lack of resources for effective telemedicine use. <snippet id="S_b61oqd3">Disparities in access to digital health technologies persist, particularly among individuals with lower income, less education, and racial or ethnic minorities, highlighting the digital divide</snippet>, which poses a risk to health equity as those who may benefit most from digital health tools often lack access or necessary skills. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Digital health technologies interact with social, cultural, and economic realities and with social determinants of health to indirectly contribute to health equity</snippet>, but health providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility. <snippet id="S_krnNJsl">The Association of American Medical Colleges reported that 60% of surveyed medical schools included telemedicine in their curricula, reflecting a consensus on essential skills for clinicians in virtual care</snippet>, though training gaps remain in addressing socioeconomic gaps and barriers related to cultural, social, and digital literacy. <snippet id="S_VrMxYXW">Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>, with structured, evidence-based training needed to ensure competency in delivering telehealth services. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">Digital navigators require specific competencies in digital health and a proposed 10-hour training and certification process aims to equip them with necessary skills to support clinical teams effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, requiring development of competencies situated within a framework</snippet> to guide curriculum development and practice.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been applied to cotton seeds at five different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed) in greenhouse experiments</snippet>, with the application <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">decreasing shoot length but having no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications of MC are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">application increasing leaf thickness, reducing leaf area, shortening internodes and decreasing plant height, resulting in an extra dense architecture of the plant</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Leaf area growth rate, total node number, and plant height decrease linearly with increasing MC concentrations from 0 to 30 µg g⁻¹</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Deviation from optimal temperatures (30°C during the day and 20°C at night) can impair the plant's response to MC, making its effects less significant</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother-daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">Central themes include mother-daughter relationships shaped by differing cultural expectations and generational conflict as mothers' traditional Chinese values clash with daughters' American identities</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">The novel explores daughters' struggles with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings while mothers relay immigrant trauma, sacrifice, and Chinese values</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">Recurrent motifs such as storytelling, food, and mahjong reveal mothers' pasts and daughters' misreadings</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Stories move toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts, highlighting both cultural divide and the possibility of mutual understanding</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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The provided search results do not contain specific scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions (PFC, hippocampus) after antidepressant administration (ketamine, SSRIs). The snippets describe general technical comparisons between scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq methods <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage and can be applied to archived frozen specimens</snippet>, and discuss cell type composition in the adult mouse brain <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">The analysis included nearly equal representation of male and female mice, with minimal batch effects. An iterative clustering strategy identified 4,998 discrete clusters, predominantly neuronal (97%)</snippet>. Some studies mention scRNA-seq applications to psychiatric disorders generally <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">scRNA-seq has shown alterations in synaptic gene expression in excitatory neurons in the ASD cortex</snippet>, but none specifically address drug-induced transcriptional changes in PFC or hippocampus. The results include technical methodological guides <snippet id="S_qnEFPDZ">The 10x Chromium 3' version 3 platform provided a large dataset of over 175,000 single-nucleus transcriptomes, while SMART-Seq v4 offered greater gene coverage per cell but with fewer cells</snippet> and general gene expression profiling <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">The study focuses on the impact of WNT signaling on cortical neuronal spine maturation and synaptogenesis in Tbr1 mutants, with implications for understanding neuronal development in the context of ketamine effects on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus</snippet>, but lack the specific antidepressant response data needed. No direct evidence on ketamine or SSRI-induced cell-type-specific DEGs in PFC/hippocampus from scRNA-seq is present in these results.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by supportive governance structures including the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' allowing temporary building use and the 2016 'heritage act' promoting public participation in heritage decisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">The sector has seen significant economic transformation with private ownership increasing from 45% to 89% since 2014, driven by post-recession investment shifts and government policy initiatives</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable projects include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices, demonstrating how adaptive reuse enhances social and environmental sustainability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">Adaptive reuse avoids demolition and new construction, reducing raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions while prolonging heritage lifespan</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, stakeholders note a disconnect between preserving cultural values and achieving circularity performance, indicating a need for broader integration of socio-economic factors beyond the built environment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">The policy framework supports community-led practices by promoting vacant building reuse and integrating cultural heritage considerations into land use plans at the local administrative level</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied to enhance motivation in online blended learning environments, with a study using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions before, during, and after treatment to determine the effectiveness of blended teaching methodologies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">This research involved a cohort of 75 undergraduate students from different program majors enrolled in a six-week mandatory IT in Business course, where blended teaching methodologies aligned with ARCS model's four motivational factors: attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">However, evidence specifically for ARCS-based measures (IMMS/CIS) in nursing education is limited, with one study focusing on blended learning smoking cessation intervention significantly enhancing nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">Another study examined online learning effects on nursing students in South Korea, recruiting 164 senior nursing students to investigate motivation as a content variable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">A comparison study found that blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners, thus enhancing nursing competencies effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">Qualitative studies in nursing education have examined motivation regulation strategies in blended learning, with factors such as instructional techniques and professor attitude influencing nursing students' motivation to learn</snippet>.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented in healthcare to capture semantic relationships within electronic health record (EHR) datasets, such as the MIMIC III dataset mapped to ontologies using Protege and GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">These implementations enable efficient querying with execution times under 0.15 seconds while supporting integration of patient-generated data, genetic data, and socioeconomic determinants</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph approach has potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The system includes ontology building techniques and RDF mapping procedures to convert tabular clinical data to ontology terms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems exist to utilize non-used information buried in routine clinical practice</snippet>. However, these initial results focus on knowledge graph construction rather than virtual knowledge graph access via semantic data dictionaries or linked codebooks as the agent specifically inquired about.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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Based on the available reviews, precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical LIB recycling <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Extraction of metals after leaching can be conducted using various methods, with precipitation being the most commonly used</snippet>. However, precipitation of other metals can result in co-precipitation of lithium, causing total lithium losses up to 30% <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">The precipitation of other metals can result in the co-precipitation of lithium, causing total lithium losses up to 30%</snippet>. To prevent such losses, solvent extraction methods are used to selectively remove elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">To prevent such losses, solvent extraction methods are used to selectively remove elements, such as Co, Ni, Al, and Mn. Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective, reducing the losses to 3% per extraction stage and reducing overall lithium losses to 15%</snippet>. For lithium recovery specifically, precipitation as lithium carbonate is typically employed after refining <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">After the refining, lithium is precipitated as lithium carbonate</snippet>. Alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate are also being investigated for efficient process parameters <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Furthermore, the correlation of the obtained product to the used type of phosphate is comprised. In addition, the influence of the process temperature (room temperature to boiling point), as well as the stoichiometric factor of the precipitant, is investigated in order to finally enable a statement about an efficient process, its parameter and the main dependencies</snippet>. Ion exchange and membrane technologies show potential but currently present significant technical and economic challenges <snippet id="S_aewi150">The reliance on ion exchange technology for lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries presents significant technical and economic challenges, including high energy consumption and acid waste production, resulting in less than 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>.

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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints of blood circulating through their body, which is about 4.5 to 6.8 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">The blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram, which is approximately 6.7 liters for a man weighing 86 kg</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult, who is between 150 to 160 pounds, as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters, with females and males having approximately the same blood percentage by weight</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">A 154-pound person has about 12 pints (5.5 liters) of blood</snippet>.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn in its bcc derived I-43m phase has tetrahedral interstitial sites with dopant concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, where 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites exist per unit cell</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular and induce tetragonal distortion, particularly when occupied by transition metal atoms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn in As-poor conditions is more stable than Mn in Ga sites by 0.16-0.31 eV for charge states q=1,2,3</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral sites in related structures like InP are 1.2 eV higher in energy than quasi-hexagonal sites due to steric factors</snippet>. These findings support the agent's hypothesis that alpha-Mn (cI58, I-43m) is a bcc-derived cubic structure with tetrahedral interstitial features that reduce local symmetry from ideal BCC (Im-3m).
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD trial randomized 1795 participants to receive 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab or placebo for 18 months, with the primary endpoint being CDR-SB change at 18 months</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Lecanemab slowed CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo, representing a significant but small improvement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">The most common AEs included infusion reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (16.9% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%) in the lecanemab versus placebo groups</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed ARIA incidence was higher in APOE ε4 carriers compared to noncarriers, with ε4 homozygotes experiencing 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E rates</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">Isolated symptomatic ARIA-H occurred in 0.7% of lecanemab-treated patients versus 0.2% of placebo patients, while symptomatic ARIA-E was 2.8% versus 0% in the same groups</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Additional secondary endpoints included ADAS-Cog14 (difference of −1.44 points), ADCOMS (difference of −0.05 points), and ADCS-MCI-ADL (difference of 2 points) compared to placebo</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">A meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection, with 150 Dutch students (99 from research universities, 45 from applied sciences) recruited to explore the impact of study strategies on long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">A meta-analysis of interleaving effect found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42), though several moderators exist such as retention interval length and material characteristics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than their performance in massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions, with the difference between massed and interleaved being greatest during the initial blocks for short-term retention and greatest during the middle two blocks for long-term retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult, with effective interventions like spaced retrieval further improving retention</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaving is described as a theme where different topics are combined in the same study session and is unpopular with students but shown to be successful for promoting knowledge gain and retention in medical education</snippet>.
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<answer>
Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Serum exosomal CEA demonstrates diagnostic value with an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer, exceeding the AUC of conventional serum CEA (0.8557)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieves an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrate AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB (AUC 0.871) and b2-GP1 (AUC 0.834) show higher discriminatory power compared to conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p demonstrates diagnostic potential with an AUC of 68.5% for early-stage colon cancer, with combination with CEA improving the AUC to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b downregulation in plasma serves as a promising biomarker for early CRC detection, with an AUC of 0.830 achieved in differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Elevated exosomal miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a levels indicate cancer recurrence and show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">LncRNA CCAT2 is overexpressed in CRC patient serum and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes are significantly upregulated in CRC patients compared to normal individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes carry biomarkers specific to the origin of cancer cells present in serum, with potential utility as novel biomarkers for CRC patients and diagnostic approaches for non-invasive early detection</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for performance and energy consumption in microservices architectures, demonstrating lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP protocols</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC is approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission than REST in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC reduces gRPC+Envoy latency by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency, with mRPC without any policy enforcement speeding up gRPC by 1.7× and 1.6× in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">The DeathStarBench evaluation compared Go with gRPC and Rust with Tonic implementations, measuring latency for 20 requests per second over 250 seconds with both showing similar latency contributions from gRPC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling (protobuf + HTTP/2) achieves performance comparable to gRPC, though mRPC with zero-copy marshalling is 2.6× and 3.7× faster than gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core</snippet>. <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">The gRPC protocol could become dominant in the future thanks to the adoption of HTTP/2 and Protobuf as the payload format, while WebSocket is faster but depends on IP address and port numbers</snippet>. However, these snippets do not contain specific energy metrics (e.g., RAPL, power meters) for protocol comparisons in microservices, limiting the ability to evaluate energy efficiency impacts quantitatively.
</answer>

<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, using the number of public buses (including electric vehicles) as the core explanatory variable and employing 2SLS to address potential endogeneity issues</snippet>, but it uses population density as a control variable rather than historical population as an instrumental variable for the number of buses. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study addressing endogeneity in the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions in China uses instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990</snippet>, but this instrument is used for urbanization, not for bus counts. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A study on female employment and fertility in China uses the presence of a bus stop as an instrumental variable</snippet>, but this is at the village/neighborhood level and relates to employment opportunities rather than provincial bus fleet size. None of the retrieved search results provide explicit evidence that researchers have used historical population as an instrumental variable specifically for the number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework. The available results confirm that population-based instruments are used in Chinese provincial studies, but for different outcomes and with different specifications.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) maps a random variable X ~ F0 to U = F0(X), and if F0 is continuous, then U follows a standard uniform distribution on (0,1)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">This transformation converts sampled values from an unknown continuous distribution into a uniform distribution on the interval (0,1) when the CDF of the target distribution is tractable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship is formally defined by U = F(X), where F is the cumulative distribution function of an arbitrary random variable, and this process is also known as the inverse probability integral transform or Smirnov transform</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">For discrete p-values, the uniform distribution on [0,1] serves as a reference for comparing observed p-values against the null hypothesis</snippet>. However, the current snippets do not contain evidence for the specific two-sided p-value construction (2 min(U,1−U)), HDR rejection regions, or discrete-case randomized/mid-p adjustments that the agent needs to support.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing in SAGIN enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with storage capabilities have been integrated into radio access networks, facilitating cooperative cache distribution to meet user demands while addressing satellite energy limitations through a nonlinear fractional programming approach for optimizing traffic offloading and energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A distributed content caching strategy is suggested for satellite-to-ground scenarios, utilizing Node2Vec for clustering ground nodes to improve data transmission efficiency and reduce communication frequency between satellites and gateways</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables vehicles to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to cache the required data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks to enhance edge caching strategies and improve user experience by equipping them with cache storage to proactively store and distribute frequently requested content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">Machine learning techniques such as liquid state machines can be employed to predict user content request patterns, including timing and popularity trends, to optimize the system</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective coatings in industrial applications, offering high melting point and maintaining hardness, strength, and wear resistance up to 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings on stainless steel have been investigated for wear resistance at 500 °C, with optimal performance achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings exhibit better erosion-corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings, attributed to fine-grain structure and protective NiCr metallic binder that allows faster re-passivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF have been studied for load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings on stainless steel have been evaluated for erosion-corrosion protection</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">the review focuses on thermal spray techniques rather than downhole tool-specific applications or oilfield-relevant CO2/H2S brine data</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">OFDMA divides the signal's bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, enhancing flexibility, robustness to fading, and spectral efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA, which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA addresses these issues, offering lower PAPR, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA and SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of the new standard for mobile communications long-term evolution (LTE) for UMTS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_fg0OhCM">The LTE radio access network utilizes 10ms frames divided into ten 1ms subframes, with each subframe containing two slots and 7 OFDM symbols</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">The radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB), with 1 ms in the time domain and 180 KHz in the frequency domain</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
</answer>


The search results do not identify a specific database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that is both concrete and distinct from the MLaaS systems already found. Several papers discuss SQL queries over encrypted databases in cloud environments, including <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">a practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme that allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet> and <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">FHE applications for database querying that process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data on the server side</snippet>. However, these studies are primarily conceptual or discuss efficiency limitations rather than specific deployed systems. <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB employs multilayered onion encryption to efficiently process various SQL computations without compromising data privacy</snippet>, but this uses order-preserving encryption rather than fully homomorphic encryption. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">A relational database system based on homomorphic encryption schemes was proposed that executes SQL queries over encrypted data</snippet>, though the performance was noted as discouraging for practical implementation. <snippet id="S_YK9KfW1">Current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes, indicating a need for more efficient encryption schemes</snippet>. Given these results, the agent may need to proceed with the three MLaaS applications (HEaaS platform, PrivFT, THE-X) since no clear SQL-over-FHE cloud service was identified in the search.

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, with spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) reaching about 1%, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples and greater than those in Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">The spin Hall conductivity of conductive α-W is approximately 3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, making it a potential candidate for future low-power consumption spin–orbit torque memory applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">β-W/CoFeB heterostructures demonstrate sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range, with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm²</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established in W/CoFeB/MgO multilayer structures, enabling current-driven magnetic switching through spin Hall effect-induced spin currents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pqGG8fi">Voltage-controlled spin–orbit torque switching has been demonstrated in W/CoFeB/MgO devices, allowing for direct gate modulation of switching currents</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs and MAOIs have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4,S_7ytHv3s">Physical exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">voluntary exercise boosts neurogenesis in adult mice, particularly those exposed to early life stress</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis can modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with the gut microbiota being highly accessible to direct interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions including PPARα agonists like fenofibrate can alleviate stress-induced depression-like behaviors and enhance BDNF/CREB signaling</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK activators can enhance dendritic branching in hippocampal neurons, countering the negative effects of stress on dendritic complexity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine can also promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway identified as a crucial regulator</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">The file mml2omml.xsl is used as an XSLT to do the conversion from MathML to OMML, which should be done in the background when importing MathML into Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq, S_iBtRRBw">To convert OMML into MathML, you can use the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet that is included with Microsoft Word</snippet>. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">There is also an npm utility called omml2mathml that converts from Microsoft's OMML to MathML, which is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">MS Office contains the file omml2mml.xsl, and there are discussions about legal redistribution of this stylesheet</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft provides documentation on OfficeMath that lists OMML elements and their exact or approximate MathML counterparts</snippet>. However, the search results do not contain specific documentation for docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words MathML to OMML conversion methods.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding, with Coughlin et al. (2012) finding that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Studies have shown that self-monitoring and self-understanding strategies are effective in enhancing the mathematical performance of children with intellectual disabilities, with experimental groups receiving training in self-instructional procedures showing marked improvement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists based on students' error patterns led to immediate improvements in accuracy for children with learning disabilities, with results maintained in follow-up assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gXD3los">Washington et al. (2012) emphasized the need to teach self-advocacy and self-determination skills, particularly for students of color with severe disabilities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Bierbaum et al. (2005) noted that children with intellectual disabilities often misbehave during challenging tasks, suggesting that teachers should emphasize their similarities to peers and support engagement</snippet>. However, the search results do not contain explicit evidence linking self-monitoring interventions to enhanced self-understanding outcomes in the specified timeframe, with most findings focused on behavior reduction rather than self-concept development.
</answer>

<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2,S_Igxcgdq">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), with exceptions only for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl,S_1AnfYBw">On January 2, 2020, FDA finalized an enforcement policy specifically banning most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes except for tobacco and menthol flavors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a blanket "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still on the market</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Recent proceedings indicate FDA has cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored E-liquids, suggesting flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal and subject to enforcement</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment is proposed to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness in long-term care from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">The triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment is applied to analyze government strategies and private sector responses in enhancing long-term care sustainability from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, highlighting sustainability challenges including market failures and fiscal imbalances that affect affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's home- and community-based long-term care system shows that expenditures have leveled off and access to and quality of services appear generally satisfactory, providing a model for U.S. policy consideration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">China's sustainable community home-based elderly care services (CHECS) received a 5 billion yuan investment from 2016 to 2020 to reduce costs and support aging-in-place</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_3hbno9x">long-term care systems face key challenges including cost and affordability issues, geographic disparities, staffing difficulties, and infrastructure deficits</snippet> that remain critical barriers to implementation.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">The key design components of an FPV system include a floating platform, mooring system (anchors and cables), and underwater power cables connecting to a substation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">Mooring systems typically use bottom anchoring with elastic mooring lines to provide flexibility and stability against wind and waves while allowing the platform to adapt to water level changes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">Numerical models are used to evaluate the dynamics and displacements of floating platforms under various weather and sea conditions, including wave height, period, and wind speed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">Design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex, involving numerous variables and constraints that require multi-objective optimization approaches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">Typical FPV installations include frame arrays or independent floatings, with frame arrays being common for installations over 1 MW</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP">these snippets do not contain specific references to IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 guidance on navigation, vessel interaction, or marking/aids to navigation for offshore energy installations</snippet>.
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<answer>
The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P,S_ZXK2mwq">The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">These statuses include formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment, with distinctions based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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The search results do not provide explicit documentation of English as a lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities with direct links to social integration metrics. <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students (Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture</snippet>, but this study focuses on language proficiency levels rather than EMI implementation or social integration outcomes. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO">General EMI literature discusses the rise of English-medium instruction in higher education, driven by internationalization and the need for local students to enhance career prospects</snippet>, but these sources are not Russia-specific and do not document EMI usage in Russian universities. <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">One source notes that Chinese universities expanded EMI programs to 7000 by 2018, with Russian also mentioned as an alternative medium for certain programs</snippet>, yet this refers to China's EMI expansion, not Russia, and lacks data on social integration patterns. No snippet provides direct evidence linking EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities to social integration, friendship networks, or belonging metrics for international students.

<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is confirmed as a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet> and <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">is set in Istanbul, where a systems analyst named Hope Cassidy is framed via identity theft</snippet>. However, <snippet id="95020,28554">the available search results do not identify the film's composer</snippet>, and <snippet id="95020">the DVD Talk review specifically does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">While the plot matches the agent's criteria (tech professional in Istanbul caught in crime), the composer detail remains unconfirmed in these sources</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga system architecture and hardware reference material</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes register summary tables organized alphabetically and by address order for coprocessor and playfield hardware</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release with material from Steve Beats and others</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA (Amiga Graphics Adapter) documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution and 12-bit color support</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">The 2nd Edition Hardware Reference Manual covers A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines</snippet>. These documents provide foundational information on Amiga hardware registers, memory map, and system architecture needed for 68030 assembly programming.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Developing water-based bioinspired memristive devices is significant for neuromorphic computing and developing next-generation brain-machine interfaces, as aqueous memristive devices are analogs of biological synapses</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YkA1LR2">Recent advancements in digital neuromorphic hardware emphasize the need for efficient synapse memory to support complex networks, with SRAM crossbar arrays preferred for higher throughput, while analog systems may leverage next-generation memory like ReRAM and memristors for enhanced synaptic weight management in reservoir computing applications from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_uDjPxF7">A new artificial synapse compatible with single flux quantum Josephson junction circuits demonstrates spiking energy at sub-attojoule per synaptic event, significantly enhancing neuromorphic computing efficiency</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">The album was critically acclaimed, earning an 87 score on Metacritic, and won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. <snippet id="27111">It also won Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" and Best Pop/Country collaborations, while being nominated for the 2008 Mercury Prize</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">The album became a worldwide hit, reaching No.1 in Norway and earning major acclaim</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">This was the duo's debut LP, with their second collaboration being "Raise the Roof" (2021)</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">Raising Sand is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between a 6.4% maltodextrin carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with a 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running with physiological responses comparable to professional soccer matches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">There are relatively few studies examining carbohydrate effects on performance in intermittent sports, and existing research often lacks consistency due to methodological differences</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>There is a record of a Captain Delaunay role in the West End musical "Erminie" in 1885</snippet>, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical comedy. <snippet id=391d2d98-1,391d2d98-5,391d2d98-8>The search results primarily returned information about "Captain Hollywood Project," a 1990s Eurodance music group, rather than a specific musical role</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-7,391d2d98-9>Sonia Delaunay is mentioned in connection with Tristan Tzara's collaborations and modern art installations</snippet>, but no clear evidence links her to a London-originated musical role called "Captain Delauney." <snippet id=391d2d98-4,391d2d98-6>Additional results referenced "Captain & Tennille," a 1979 American duo, which is unrelated to the query</snippet>. The search results do not provide definitive information about a Captain Delauney role in a London musical originating from an actress.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
</answer>


The search results do not contain the specific "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" paper with domain-structured reporting recommendations. However, related regulatory guidance is available from the FDA's "Developing Medical Imaging Drug and Biological Products" series, which covers imaging endpoints, safety pharmacology, and trial design for optical agents <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o">the page discusses clinical approval and guidelines for emerging optical imaging agents, particularly focusing on fluorescence molecular imaging in cancer surgery</snippet>. Key performance capabilities for FGS systems include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, and simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Key evaluation criteria for these instruments include real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images, functionality in ambient lighting, nanomolar-level sensitivity, quantitative capabilities, simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorophores, and ergonomic design for open surgery</snippet>. Historical regulatory pathways show that indocyanine green (ICG) was approved in 1959 and fluorescein in 1972, serving as foundational agents for FGS market development <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">ICG was approved in 1959, and fluorescein in 1972, both serving as vascular flow agents that dominate the FGS market today</snippet>. The Network for Translational Research on Optical Imaging provides guidance on validating systems for FDA approval and clinical use <snippet id="S_DZWtjXE">The Network for Translational Research (NTR) for Optical Imaging consists of four research groups working to "bridge the gap" between lab discovery and clinical use of fluorescence- and photoacoustic-based imaging devices used with imaging biomarkers</snippet>. For quantitative reporting, multimodal imaging combines various techniques to address limitations like photon scattering and light attenuation that restrict depth penetration <snippet id="S_5E8IDXV">To address these limitations, multimodal imaging combines various imaging techniques, allowing for noninvasive imaging with greater depth, resolution, and sensitivity</snippet>.

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


The search results do not contain the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">the paper title is listed but no content from the abstract or methods sections is provided</snippet>. The available snippets are about IAMs in general and do not address the specific "possibility space" framing or the paper's assessment methodology <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs provide an integrated view of the global energy-economy-climate-land system</snippet>, <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">IAMs integrate diverse sub-models across disciplines to quantify cause-effect relationships</snippet>. One snippet mentions "possibility space" in the context of futures approaches but does not reference the target paper <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX">we elaborate on how to make the next generation of GEA scenarios more useful by confronting four key challenges: surprise, scale, diversity, and imagination</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in these search results. The agent will need to conduct more targeted searches to retrieve substantive content from the target paper itself.

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">To enhance adolescent recreational reading in secondary schools, it is essential to provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs, while creating supportive contexts that foster engagement through choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">Teacher support and strong relationships with educators are crucial for fostering a reading culture, with successful initiatives like Scotland's First Minister's Reading Challenge demonstrating positive outcomes by encouraging reading for pleasure and creating inviting reading environments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M9NC8Eo">A U.K. literacy survey indicated that middle adolescence (ages 14–16) is a critical period for this decline in positive attitudes toward reading, highlighting the need for interventions that address adolescents' motivations and challenges in print book selection</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_xbJmN70">School librarians play a key role in fostering reading engagement, with research suggesting that libraries can play a key role in reading promotion through employing reading and literacy supportive activities, where pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SRm3hRO">Disciplinary literacy has emerged as a key focus in secondary education, defined as the specific reading, reasoning, and writing skills necessary to learn and understand complex content within a discipline</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_RLXmKuG">The EU AI Act mandates that high-risk AI systems must be "sufficiently transparent" to enable users to interpret outputs, with Article 13 requiring accessible and understandable instructions detailing the system's characteristics, capabilities, and limitations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">Article 14(3) mandates that human overseers must have the authority to decide against using the AI system, override its outputs, and intervene in its operation, such as through a 'stop' button</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">Article 14(4) outlines specific requirements for oversight personnel, including the ability to correctly interpret AI system outputs using available tools and understand potential automation bias</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">Article 11(2) allows for a unified technical documentation file that combines AI system details with existing EU MDR/IVDR documentation, including comprehensive information on design, architecture, data requirements, training methodologies, and performance metrics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3iocoPc">Article 4(2)(b) details that if an AI system is considered as high-risk, opaque, and complex, explainability is mandated from an EU court not within the system but to the AI deployer through an order to disclose proportional evidence necessary, such as logs, documentation, and datasets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E4eihUQ">General-purpose AI systems (GPAIS) are subject to high-risk obligations if they can be used in high-risk contexts or as components of high-risk systems, with the European Commission defining how these high-risk rules apply to GPAIS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vzKoGDA">The AI Act contains disclosure obligations (Article 11, Annex IV) that apply only to high-risk systems, though there are broader transparency duties for GPAI providers regarding training data provenance and intended use cases</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
</answer>