<answer>
<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) application to cotton seeds at doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed was studied in a greenhouse experiment</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">the application decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio, or leaf area:root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Mepiquat chloride is effective in controlling excessive cotton growth, significantly reducing plant height and node number in relation to its application rate, up to 45 g ha⁻¹</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">its effectiveness is influenced by temperature; optimal growth occurs at 30 ºC during the day and 20 ºC at night</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used in China's cotton belt and worldwide to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">application increasing leaf thickness, reducing leaf area, shortening internodes, and decreasing plant height, resulting in an extra dense architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Split dose applications at 34, 47, and 62 days after emergence have been evaluated for their effects on plant height, node number, and lint yield</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications of MC are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother–daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The 16 interlocking stories explore four Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters, highlighting conflicts between traditional Chinese values and American individualism</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and sacrifice, while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and daughters revisiting their mothers' pasts</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_386ZR9h">A comprehensive snRNA-seq study analyzed cell type composition in the adult mouse brain across 92 anatomical locations, recovering 4,388,420 nuclei profiles with 4,998 discrete clusters, predominantly neuronal (97%)</snippet>, providing a reference atlas for region-specific cell type identification in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage and does not suffer cell isolation-based transcriptional artifacts, allowing comparable cell type detection to scRNA-seq when intronic sequences are included in analysis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, particularly in the context of psychiatric disorders</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">very few direct comparisons of single-nucleus human brain gene expression patterns have been performed in a psychiatric phenotype using high-throughput technologies</snippet>, and the available snippets do not contain specific scRNA-seq findings on ketamine-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in these regions. <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">scRNA-seq has been used to capture gene expression changes in cortical neurons, with studies focusing on WNT signaling impacts on neuronal spine maturation and synaptogenesis</snippet>, though this particular study did not examine ketamine effects. The search results provide general methodological comparisons between scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq rather than specific ketamine response data in mouse PFC or hippocampus.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">The Netherlands has implemented supportive policy frameworks including the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' allowing temporary building use, a national adaptive reuse program with the 'heritage counts' 2018−21 policy, and the 2016 'heritage act' promoting citizen participation in heritage decision-making</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">A study analyzing 53 adaptive reuse cases since 2014 found a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages, with 96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of adaptive reuse for preserving cultural values</snippet>. <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4,S_0hvikSw">The Dutch government's circular economy programme aims for a fully circular economy by 2050 with 50% circularity in the building sector by 2030, while adaptive reuse reduces raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions compared to demolition and new construction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is noted disconnect between preserving cultural values and perceived importance of circularity performance, with circularity focus primarily at the physical level while socio-economic aspects are often neglected</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable Dutch cases include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space, the HAKA building in Rotterdam repurposed into offices using demolished materials, and the Van Nelle Fabriek converted into office space, showcasing functionalist architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">The research found 65% of cases reported public engagement during early stages of reuse projects, demonstrating increased public involvement through participatory policy programs</snippet>.
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<answer>
In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied to enhance motivation in online blended learning environments, with a study using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions before, during, and after treatment to determine the effectiveness of blended teaching methodologies</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">This research involved a cohort of 75 undergraduate students from different program majors enrolled in a six-week mandatory IT in Business course, where the BTM based on ARCS model enhanced and/or sustained students' motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">Another study found that blended learning smoking cessation intervention significantly enhanced nursing students' autonomous motivation and perceived competence, addressing barriers like lack of knowledge and inexperience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">A separate study focused on online learning on nursing students in South Korea during COVID-19, using senior-year nursing students as participants</snippet>. However, the available search results do not specifically confirm the use of IMMS or CIS subscales (Attention/Interest) in nursing health professions, only demonstrating ARCS model applications in general online blended learning contexts.
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<answer>
One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented to capture semantic relationships within electronic health records using datasets like MIMIC III, mapping tabular data to ontologies using tools such as Protege and GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">This approach reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 seconds and enables integration of patient-generated data, genetic data, and socioeconomic determinants</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph has the potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6tLta3F">The implementation involves ontology creation using OWL in Protege, RDF mapping procedures, and knowledge graph building using GraphDB to convert relational data to semantic representations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">SPARQL queries are used to retrieve and analyze information from the knowledge graph, enabling more comprehensive and holistic analysis of EHR data</snippet>. However, the search results do not specifically confirm whether these approaches use virtual knowledge graph frameworks like Ontop or R2RML for clinical measurement datasets, nor do they address semantic data dictionary or linked codebook methodologies specifically.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical treatment, though it can result in co-precipitation of lithium causing losses up to 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective for selective removal of elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 30% with precipitation alone</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Recent research shows that selective solvent extraction with tailored nanosorbents like lithium manganese oxide nanotubes exhibits excellent stability and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology for lithium recovery from battery leachates presents significant technical and economic challenges, including high energy consumption and acid waste production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Precipitation from pregnant leaching liquors using sodium carbonate remains a state-of-the-art method, with process efficiency depending on temperature and stoichiometric factors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy is widely used for recycling spent LIBs with single chemical composition, operating below 100°C with reagents like HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and H₂O₂ to extract and separate cathode metals</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, which translates to <snippet id="S_ep51C66">about 4.5 to 6.8 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">Britannica states blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram</snippet>, which for an average adult equals <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">approximately 6.7 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>.
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<answer>
Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn bcc derived I-43m tetrahedral sites have been explicitly studied, with the interstitial fraction (IF) ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 and 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-ideal and induce tetragonal distortion, as both octahedral and tetrahedral bcc interstices have tetragonal symmetry</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn in GaAs is more stable than Mn in other interstitial sites for certain charge states, with the stable charge state being Mn 2+ i across the Fermi level range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral sites in bcc lattices can be unstable depending on the interstitial species, with the tetrahedral sites being 1.2 eV higher than the quasi-hexagonal site for some systems</snippet>. These results confirm that tetrahedral interstitials in bcc structures are well-established features that reduce symmetry from cubic I-centered groups like Im-3m to I-43m.
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<answer>
Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD trial enrolled 1795 participants randomized 1:1 into a 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab arm or placebo arm over 18 months</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">lecanemab significantly slowing CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The incidence of ARIA-E was 12.6% with lecanemab versus 1.7% with placebo, while ARIA-H was 17.3% versus 8.7-9.0%</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">infusion-related reactions were the most common AEs at 26.4% in the lecanemab group versus 7.4-8.9% in placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed ARIA rates were higher in APOE ε4 carriers compared to noncarriers, with ε4 homozygotes experiencing 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E incidence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Lecanemab also induced greater reductions in Aβ burden compared to placebo (difference −55.48 to −59.1 centiloids)</snippet>, along with significant improvements in ADAS-Cog14 (−1.44 points), ADCOMS (−0.05 points), and ADCS-MCI-ADL (2 points).
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Meta-analyses have found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking for learning material with subtle category differences, though it is not always best for all learning contexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">One meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection, with 150 Dutch students recruited from research universities and applied sciences</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA found that participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions, with F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Interleaving is described as "unpopular with students but shown to be successful" for improving knowledge acquisition and retention in medical education</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) identified moderators of the interleaving effect including retention interval length, material characteristics, and successive versus simultaneous presentation</snippet>.
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<answer>
Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Serum exosomal CEA demonstrated higher diagnostic value with an AUC of 0.9354 compared to serum CEA (0.8557) for predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB (AUC 0.871) and b2-GP1 (AUC 0.834) showed higher discriminatory power compared to conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p achieved an AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, with combination with CEA improving AUC to 85.5%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b down-regulation in plasma showed AUC ranging from 0.631 to 0.793 for distinguishing CRC from controls, with a higher AUC of 0.830 for differentiating CRC at stage II/III from non-neoplasm individuals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a have shown potential as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in serum of CRC patients and associated with local invasion and lymph node metastasis, while six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patients compared to normal individuals</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">gRPC is positioned to become dominant in the future through HTTP/2 adoption and Protobuf as a payload format</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4YO8JzA">gRPC is built on HTTP/2, which enhances performance through multiplexing that allows multiple packets to be sent and received over a single connection</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling achieves performance comparable to gRPC, though mRPC reduces the number of (un)marshalling steps to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC by 1.7× to 2.1× in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency, with communication costs being substantial in microservices applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for energy consumption, demonstrating lower CPU and RAM usage compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in brokerless architectures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs,S_DuAkisQ">the available literature primarily categorizes protocols (gRPC, REST, graphQL, pub/sub) without providing detailed quantitative energy metrics</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">while latency comparisons are made, specific energy measurements via RAPL or power meters are not reported in the provided snippets</snippet>.
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<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, using two-stage least squares (2SLS) to address endogeneity issues with the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable</snippet>, but it does not use historical population as an instrumental variable. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study uses instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990 to address endogeneity in urbanization and CO2 emissions research</snippet>, but this instrument is population density rather than historical population, and it does not instrument bus counts. <snippet id="S_CQnAcl7">Some studies employ lagged dependent variables as instrumental variables in 2SLS regression to address endogeneity</snippet>, but none explicitly use "historical population" to instrument "number of buses" at the provincial level. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">A study uses the number of post offices in 1984 as an instrumental variable for digital technology innovation</snippet>, showing that historical instruments exist in Chinese 2SLS research but for different outcomes. Based on these results, there is no clear evidence that researchers have explicitly used historical population as an instrumental variable for the number of buses in the provided search results.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_njVYIe9,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that if X follows a continuous distribution F0, then U = F0(X) follows a uniform distribution on [0,1]</snippet>, enabling one- and two-sided hypothesis tests from a single observation. <snippet id="S_njVYIe9">This transformed variable U = F(X) follows a uniform distribution on (0,1), which is the foundation for constructing p-values in continuous distribution testing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">For a null hypothesis Hx: F(x) = x against alternative Kx: F(x) ≠ x, the PIT approach uses U = F(X) to test whether the observed value x0 plausibly comes from the specified distribution F0</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">When the CDF of the target distribution is tractable, the PIT converts sampled values to a uniform distribution on (0,1), allowing for hypothesis testing on the transformed scale</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship U = F(X) with U ~ Uniform(0,1) is also known as the inverse probability integral transform or Smirnov transform, providing a standard method for generating random deviates from arbitrary distributions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration has been proposed for terrestrial vehicles in remote areas where TEC infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model involving satellite-to-UAV and UAV-to-ground communications allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and serve multiple ground users simultaneously</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks to enhance edge caching strategies by equipping them with cache storage for frequently requested content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AXV48a6">UAV-assisted caching enhances content delivery through dynamic deployment, reducing the need for multiple copies of the same content in different locations</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective coatings in industrial applications, offering high hardness, strength, and wear resistance up to 900 °C</snippet>, where the <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">corrosion resistance is provided by the NiCr matrix while the wear resistance is mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based cermet coatings exhibit better erosion–corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings</snippet>, attributed to <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">the protective NiCr metallic binder that allows easier and faster re-passivation when the coating is subjected to wear</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings possess low porosity, high micro-hardness, and good wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">optimal performance achieved at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to its dense structure and enough fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms have been investigated in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">erosion-corrosion protection has been demonstrated for Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings on stainless steel</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">OFDMA dividing the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocating these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet> while <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">SC-FDMA incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e">The radio access network is managed by eNodeBs, which facilitate communication between mobile phones (UE) and the network core, with uplink and downlink traffic typically separated using Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">data transmission occurs in 10ms frames, divided into ten 1ms subframes, each containing two slots with 7 OFDM symbols</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA is the version of FDMA in which the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other and is an adaptation of the OFDM modulation technique for multiple access</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is the pre-DFT encoded version of FDMA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">Both techniques are integral to meeting the performance requirements of 4G wireless communication</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_ufhk6e0">LTE-M inherits several features from LTE, including Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB demonstrate fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services, allowing computations on ciphertext that yield results matching plaintext operations while maintaining user privacy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A practical FHOPE scheme allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption, supporting operators like addition, multiplication, order comparison, and equality checks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">FHE applications for database querying have been studied systematically, showing it is possible to process complex selection, range, join, or aggregation queries on encrypted data on the server side</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">FHE allows SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud databases but is impractical due to high computational overhead</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes, indicating a need for more efficient encryption schemes</snippet>. While these represent SQL-over-FHE cloud applications, they do not include the platform-as-a-service, MLaaS, or NLP/transformer inference applications the agent was seeking.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt and significantly higher than Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">the spin Hall conductivity of conductive α-W is ≈3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, making it a potential candidate for future low-power consumption spin–orbit torque memory applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">The CoFeB layer exhibits field-free deterministic magnetic switching with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², highlighting the efficiency of the spin Hall angle torque in achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established in W/CoFeB/MgO multilayers, enabling current-driven magnetic switching with both antidamping-like and field-like components of spin torque being comparable in magnitude</snippet>. <snippet id="S_jDO7JZm, S_pqGG8fi">Research on W/CoFeB/MgO has demonstrated large spin Hall magnetoresistance and voltage-controlled spin–orbit torque switching, confirming the correlation between spin Hall effect and spin–orbit torque</snippet>.
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<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ, S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs and MAOIs have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ, S_nregWI1">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4, S_R8cplWP">Physical exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">enriched environments (EE) significantly enhance neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis can influence brain functions regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with the gut microbiota modulating neurogenesis through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system</snippet>, and interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet. <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">Neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and IGF-1 promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK activation can enhance dendritic branching in hippocampal neurons, countering the negative effects of stress on dendritic complexity</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">the effect of antidepressants and dietary interventions in adolescence remains to be fully understood</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans remains controversial due to limitations in tissue processing and the necessity to obtain brain tissue quickly post-mortem</snippet>.
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<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft uses the file mml2omml.xsl as an XSLT stylesheet to perform the conversion from MathML to OMML in Word</snippet>, which is the reverse direction of the OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet <snippet id="S_WCeewzq, S_iBtRRBw">that is included with Microsoft Word to convert OMML into MathML</snippet>. The OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet is used to transform OMML content to MathML <snippet id="S_iBtRRBw, S_WCeewzq">as part of the conversion process in Word or by third-party tools</snippet>. Microsoft's official documentation on Math in Office provides mappings between MathML and OMML elements <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, and the npm package omml2mathml is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet> <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. However, the search results do not contain specific documentation on docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words support for MathML to OMML conversion</snippet>.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding, with Bierbaum et al. (2005) noting that children with intellectual disabilities often misbehave during challenging tasks, suggesting teachers should emphasize their similarities to peers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Effective methods include noncontingent escape access for those with moderate to severe disabilities (Cihak & Gama, 2008) and training self-control by extending behavior duration for reinforcement (Passage et al., 2012)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities, while picture activity schedules can aid self-management without requiring writing skills (Duttlinger et al., 2013)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems, using a multiple baseline-across-students design with traditional didactic instruction in the first baseline and incentive points for correct responses in the second baseline</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">The study by Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) investigated the impact of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the addition and subtraction performance of nine elementary students with learning disabilities, with the experimental group receiving training in a 10-step self-instructional procedure and practicing with tape-recorded cues, resulting in significant improvements in problem accuracy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process, with students marking their performance with plus or minus signs next to each reminder while completing worksheets</snippet>.
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<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_1AnfYBw,S_IkYr1CP">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), with specific exceptions for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a blanket "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still on the market</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products marketed to youth</snippet>. Overall, the enforcement is selective rather than comprehensive, targeting specific flavored cartridge-based products while allowing some flavored e-liquids to remain legal if authorized.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment is proposed to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness in long-term care from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">The triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment is applied to analyze government strategies and private sector responses in enhancing long-term care sustainability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas significantly impact elderly access to long-term care services, with sustainability challenges highlighted by market failures and fiscal imbalances</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's integrated home- and community-based systems show that expenditures have leveled off and access to and quality of services appear generally satisfactory</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">China's government invested 5 billion yuan from 2016 to 2020 for pilot reforms of community home-based elderly care services to reduce costs and support aging-in-place</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ">A floating photovoltaic (FPV) system consists of a floating device, mooring system, PV modules, DC/AC cables, and connectors, with key design factors including modularity, reliability, durability, protection, support structure size, ease of installation, and cost reduction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">The mooring system secures the floating structure using anchors and cables, preventing movement and allowing adaptation to water level changes, with elastic mooring lines used to enhance flexibility during varying water levels</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">The power generated from the PV array is connected to the substation through underwater cables, with inverter stations positioned to minimize resistive losses</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">Numerical models for FPV systems evaluate dynamics and displacements under different weather and sea conditions, incorporating mooring systems tailored to specific installation sites</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">Design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex due to numerous variables and constraints, with methodologies including genetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization approaches to improve performance and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP, S_o7Xj46N, S_Q8i28GO">none of the retrieved snippets contain specific references to IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 guidance on navigation, vessel interaction, marking, or cable protection standards</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">The ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P">The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">ICSE-18 further classifies workers into six statuses including formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and various tiers of informal wage and self-employment, with distinctions based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students (44% Chinese, 56% Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and varying proficiency levels in Russian (45% intermediate, 40% elementary, 15% advanced)</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">the research did not specifically document how EMI/ELF usage in Russia affects social integration or classroom/peer interaction patterns</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6, S_zFkS0OO">General literature confirms that EMI is implemented to attract international students and enhance institutional global standing, with universities adopting it to improve local students' language skills and employability</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">recent studies indicate EMI outcomes are not consistently positive in non-Anglophone contexts, with limited statistical evidence on its effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">Students in EMI environments often perceive their English skills as inadequate, and lecturers express concerns about their capabilities to succeed</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_h0u4Wyu">institutional factors and learners' variables including motivation and L2 strategy use are statistically significant predictors of academic English proficiency</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">the available search results do not contain explicit documentation of how EMI/ELF specifically links to social integration metrics such as friendship networks or belonging in Russian universities</snippet>.
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<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment and set in Istanbul</snippet>, matching the distributor and location criteria. <snippet id="95020,20176">The plot follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>, aligning with the tech professional protagonist detail. <snippet id="95020">However, the DVD Talk review does not list a composer or name a distributor</snippet>, and <snippet id="28554">the composer is not identified in the supplied sources</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">The film is described as a loose sequel to the 1995 original</snippet>, though <snippet id="20176">critics called the plot predictable and the film mediocre</snippet>. The composer nationality remains unconfirmed from these search results.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga system architecture and hardware registers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes comprehensive register summary documentation organized by address order, covering coprocessor, playfield, and enhanced chip set hardware</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA (Amiga Graphics Adapter) documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution, 12-bit color depth, and PAL/NTSC compatibility requirements</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is available, covering system software, Exec, Libraries, and device programming interfaces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">Earlier editions of the Hardware Reference Manual covered the A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines, providing foundational Amiga architecture documentation</snippet>. These documents together provide the authoritative hardware and OS reference material needed for 68030 assembly programming on the Amiga 1200.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Aqueous chemimemristors based on proton-permeable graphene membranes represent a significant development for neuromorphic computing, as they are analogs of biological synapses and developing water-based bioinspired memristive devices is significant for advancing neuromorphic computing and developing next-generation brain-machine interfaces</snippet>. <snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">These Janus nanopore synapses specifically target the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by enabling high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7aDjN43">However, traditional two-terminal neuromorphic devices suffer from significant drawbacks such as current leakage and lack of a third terminal for precise synaptic weight adjustment, which three-terminal synaptic devices like memtransistors aim to overcome</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">The album was critically acclaimed, earning an 87 score on Metacritic, and debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">It was RIAA-certified and won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, along with Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter"</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">This work remains one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">A later collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was also produced by T Bone Burnett and received multiple Grammy nominations</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between a 6.4% maltodextrin carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol, though Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol which may provide a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues utilized a self-selected pacing LIST protocol with a 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hFRFf5P">The LIST protocol involves five 15-minute blocks of variable-intensity shuttle running over 20 meters with 3-minute recoveries between blocks, effectively assessing endurance and sprint performance comparable to professional soccer matches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running with physiological responses comparable to professional soccer matches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding effects on sprinting and other skills remain mixed</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>There is a record of a Captain Delaunay role in the West End musical "Erminie" in 1885</snippet>, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a modern musical. <snippet id=391d2d98-2>Another reference to "Captain Hollywood Project" mentions Pascal Delaunay, but this is a music project and not a role in a musical</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-5>Search results primarily reference "Captain Hollywood Project" as a 1990s Eurodance music project from Nuremberg, Germany</snippet>, which is unrelated to a role in a musical. <snippet id=391d2d98-8>The search also returned results about the duo "Captain & Tennille" from 1979, which is a different entity</snippet>. The available search results do not provide clear evidence of a specific musical role called "Captain Delauney" that originated as an actress's role in London.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The exact-titled record "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" was identified in the search results</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG,S_CSlM2L8">the available text consists primarily of reviews on regulatory pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery rather than the specific reporting recommendations article</snippet>. <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">Reviews on FGS systems highlight key performance capabilities such as real-time overlay, nanomolar-level sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities that would be relevant for clinical reporting</snippet>. <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o">Clinical approval guidelines for optical imaging agents emphasize safety profiles, costs of clinical trials, and the development of "smart" imaging agents targeting tumor cells</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Technical requirements for fluorescent probes include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DZWtjXE">Translational validation guidance from the NTR for Optical Imaging addresses challenges in validating systems for FDA approval and clinical use</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_9mU25pg">the specific domain-structured reporting recommendations from the target article were not found in the current search results</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">the paper title was identified but no abstract or methods content was retrieved</snippet>. Most snippets retrieved are tangential, discussing IAMs in general or in other contexts such as SDG trade-offs, urban sustainability, or climate policy <snippet id="S_onh5WOE,S_nKW5KXm,S_HRINe1D,S_u8Vhij6,S_m5a9xl5,S_CoFf8GZ,S_ausD8QJ">IAMs are described as integrating diverse knowledge streams across disciplines but the specific paper's analysis of "possibility space" is not present</snippet>. One snippet mentions IAMs can spell out a broad range of possible futures but does not reference the target paper <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs explore self-consistent transformation pathways of energy-economy-climate-land subsystems</snippet>. Another snippet notes IAMs face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on assumptions, highlighting their capabilities and gaps <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">IAMs integrate diverse sub-models across disciplines to quantify cause-effect relationships but face challenges such as high uncertainty</snippet>. The agent will need to conduct more targeted searches to retrieve the specific abstract, methods, results, and discussion content from the target paper.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">To enhance adolescent recreational reading in secondary schools, it is essential to provide dedicated time for reading, implement initiatives like summer reading programs, and create supportive classroom contexts that foster engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">Teacher support and strong relationships with educators are crucial for fostering a reading culture, while many students struggle to find books that match their interests and abilities, highlighting the need for resources that assist in making appropriate reading choices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices should promote choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings, which have been linked to increased intrinsic motivation, with teachers' behaviors playing a significant role in influencing students' motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Knowledgeable librarians play a vital role in this process, as the presence of qualified school librarians in well-resourced school libraries is associated with benefits for students' literacy attainment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Successful initiatives, like Scotland's First Minister's Reading Challenge, have demonstrated positive outcomes by encouraging reading for pleasure, enhancing staff knowledge of young adult literature, and creating inviting reading environments</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_RLXmKuG">The EU AI Act categorizes AI systems into risk levels, with high-risk systems requiring specific transparency mechanisms under Article 13</snippet>, which mandates that providers ensure users can understand the system's characteristics, capabilities, and limitations. <snippet id="S_RLXmKuG">Article 13(1) requires high-risk AI systems to be "sufficiently transparent" to enable users to interpret outputs correctly</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">Article 14(3) mandates that human overseers must have the authority to decide against using the AI system, override its outputs, and intervene in its operation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">Article 11(2) allows for a unified technical documentation file that combines AI system details with existing EU MDR/IVDR documentation</snippet>, including comprehensive information on design, architecture, data requirements, training methodologies, and performance metrics. <snippet id="S_3iocoPc">Article 4(2)(b) details that if an AI system is considered high-risk, opaque, and complex, explainability is mandated from an EU court not within the system but to the AI deployer through disclosure of proportional evidence</snippet>, such as logs, documentation, and datasets. <snippet id="S_E4eihUQ">General-purpose AI systems (GPAIS) are subject to high-risk obligations if they can be used in high-risk contexts or as components of high-risk systems</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_xQp268d">open-source providers may face reduced documentation requirements under Article 52c:1d if they maintain a free and open license</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vzKoGDA">The AI Act contains disclosure obligations under Article 11 and Annex IV that apply primarily to high-risk systems, though some argue these should extend to non-high-risk systems as well</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_soikqKO">Strava serves as a social network for amateur and professional athletes where users can log, monitor, and share fitness accomplishments through status updates, comments, photos, and performance comparisons</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_ohmbRBN">The app employs gamification techniques including challenges, leaderboards, and digital badges to foster competitive behaviors and enhance user motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1,S_ohmbRBN">Social comparison is a key psychological driver for engagement, with users connecting, sharing experiences, and participating in competitive challenges to boost motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">However, data sharing is selective, with many users withholding metrics like heart rate and wattage while opting for basic information such as segment times and elevation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5nbN41y">The current research relies on cross-sectional samples of specific populations (cyclists), limiting generalizability to other outdoor recreation users</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5nbN41y">Future longitudinal studies could track fitness app usage behaviors to validate causal relationships and capture data from users who quit</snippet>.
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<answer>
Strava employs social features such as challenges, leaderboards, and digital badges as core gamification techniques to encourage repeated use and foster a sense of community among its 36 million active users <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb">. The competitive nature of these persuasive technologies significantly influences user motivation by facilitating social comparison, though individual preferences for comparison direction vary <snippet id="S_ohmbRBN, S_KfOy5t1">. To manage privacy and self-presentation, users often selectively share data, withholding specific metrics like heart rate to avoid potential profile scrutiny <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">. Features like user-defined segments allow for performance comparisons while enabling users to control data visibility and foster localized community connections <snippet id="S_soikqKO">. Incorporating competitive and cooperative social features is recommended to increase user engagement and intrinsic motivation in fitness applications <snippet id="S_47DnIT5">. However, current implementations largely overlook nuanced psychological theories regarding social comparison, which could otherwise enhance engagement further <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The White House fact sheet announces a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, and a 10% additional tariff on imports from China</snippet>, with energy resources from Canada subject to a lower 10% tariff. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">These tariffs are implemented under the authority of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEEPA) as a response to national emergency threats from illegal aliens and drugs, including fentanyl</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The fact sheet references a Presidential Memorandum from November promising to charge Mexico and Canada a 25% Tariff on ALL products until drugs and illegal aliens stop the "invasion" of the country</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">Trade accounts for 67% of Canada's GDP, 73% of Mexico's GDP, and 37% of China's GDP, but only 24% of U.S. GDP</snippet>, and the U.S. trade deficit in goods was the world's largest at over $1 trillion in 2023. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The administration argues this is the first time the U.S. has fully leveraged its economic position to secure borders against illegal migration and combat fentanyl</snippet>. However, the fact sheet does not provide specific effective dates for these tariffs, EU-specific rates, or detailed economic impact estimates on consumer cost, inflation, or GDP.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The White House fact sheet specifies a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, with energy resources from Canada receiving a lower 10% tariff, while China faces a 10% additional tariff</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The fact sheet notes that in 2023 the U.S. trade deficit in goods was the world's largest at over $1 trillion</snippet>, and that trade accounts for 67% of Canada's GDP, 73% of Mexico's GDP, and 37% of China's GDP. However, <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">this fact sheet does not include specific dollar trade values covered by the tariffs, any retaliation measures from Canada, China, or the EU, or quantitative economic impact estimates (consumer cost, inflation, GDP)</snippet>. The tariff announcement is dated February 2025 and cites the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as the legal basis. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The tariffs remain in effect "until such time as Drugs, in particular Fentanyl, and all Illegal Aliens stop this Invasion of our Country"</snippet> as per the presidential directive.
</answer>