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<snippet id="S_krnNJsl,S_TwqA5Qh,S_VrMxYXW">Digital health equity training for healthcare professionals is essential to address socioeconomic gaps and barriers related to cultural, social, and digital literacy in accessing virtual care</snippet>, with competency frameworks like the Four P's of Telehealth (planning, preparing, providing, and performance evaluation) guiding curriculum development <snippet id="S_TwqA5Qh">to ensure providers are prepared to deliver care effectively in a digital environment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ow0RlxD,S_b61oqd3">Disparities in access to digital technologies persist among individuals with lower income, less education, and racial or ethnic minorities, highlighting the digital divide that poses risks to health equity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_rBaa6iD">Health providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity as well as the cultural humility to understand how their patients and communities may experience or interact with technology</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DUMUv4Q">Digital navigators—individuals trained to assist healthcare teams in implementing digital health technologies—require specific competencies in digital health and can help support clinical teams effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_paP0n66">Future policies must incorporate more inclusive implementation strategies by strengthening telehealth training to accommodate for language and cultural barriers, varying levels of digital literacy, and disability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ChDg9cS">Training healthcare providers to understand the social determinants of health is essential for tailoring telemedicine services to meet the specific needs of patients, thereby enhancing the overall impact of telehealth initiatives</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_rBaa6iD>Providers may lack training and competencies in consideration of digital health equity and cultural humility</snippet>, while <snippet id=S_paP0n66,S_ChDg9cS>health policies must strengthen telehealth training to accommodate language barriers, cultural considerations, and varying levels of digital literacy</snippet>. <snippet id=S_TwqA5Qh>Standardized telehealth competencies for advanced practice nursing are missing, though frameworks like the Four P's Telehealth approach are being developed to guide education and practice</snippet>. <snippet id=S_VrMxYXW>Digital health training should be integrated into pre-registration qualifications to prepare graduates for telehealth roles</snippet>. <snippet id=S_DUMUv4Q>Emerging roles like digital navigators require specific training and certification to support clinical teams with technology integration</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) application to cotton seeds at doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g kg⁻¹ seed decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, or leaf area</snippet>, suggesting it is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">MC is effective in controlling excessive cotton growth, significantly reducing plant height and node number up to 45 g ha⁻¹</snippet>, with leaf area growth rate, total node number, and plant height decreasing linearly with increasing MC concentrations. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC application increases leaf thickness, reduces leaf area, shortens internodes, and decreases plant height, resulting in an extra dense plant architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_J6VRosf">Low mepiquat chloride application with moderate drip irrigation can increase cotton lint yield by improving leaf photosynthetic rate and reproductive organ biomass accumulation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">Multiple applications of MC are commonly employed to manage cotton growth, starting when the first bud reaches a diameter of 3 mm, typically 6 to 10 days after bud formation begins</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">The effectiveness of MC is highly dependent on environmental factors, particularly temperature, with optimal response at 30 ºC during the day and 20 ºC at night</snippet>. <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">Split dose applications at three dates (34, 47, 62 days after emergence or 42, 60, 73 days after emergence) have been evaluated for their effects on plant height, leaf stems, nodes, and boll production</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Mepiquat chloride (MC) has been studied as a cotton seed treatment, with greenhouse experiments applying doses of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g kg -1 seed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">The application of MC to cotton seeds decreased shoot length but had no significant effect on dry matter production, root length, shoot:root ratio or leaf area: root length ratio</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PiVm5fQ">Thus, the application of MC to cotton seeds is not expected to have a deleterious effect on plant water acquisition</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7sCukyL">MC is commonly used worldwide as a growth regulator to improve fiber quality and seed yields</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hyBY58K">For foliar applications, MC is effective at reducing plant height up to 45 g ha −1</snippet>, though seed treatment studies used much lower rates (up to 12 g per kg seed). <snippet id="S_12ZluAp">At higher foliar doses (50-125 g ha -1), MC reduces plant height, leaf area, total above ground dry matter and number of bolls</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel "The Joy Luck Club" centers on fraught mother-daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative explores generational conflict as mothers' traditional Chinese values and traumatic pasts clash with daughters' American identities and desires for independence</snippet>. <snippet id="51627">Mothers—Suyuan, An‑mei, Lindo, Ying‑ying—relay immigrant trauma, sacrifice, and Chinese values; daughters—June, Rose, Waverly, Lena—struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934">The novel moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and the recognition of shared histories</snippet>. <snippet id="74289">Recurrent motifs include storytelling, food, mahjong, and parables that reveal mothers' pasts and daughters' misreadings</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<snippet id="S_386ZR9h">High-throughput single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) has been applied to analyze cell type composition in the adult mouse brain across 92 anatomical locations, with a median of 4,884 unique molecular identifiers per profile</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">snRNA-seq provides less biased cellular coverage and does not appear to suffer cell isolation-based transcriptional artifacts, allowing for analysis of archived frozen specimens</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, particularly in the context of psychiatric disorders</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Studies have sequenced ~80,000 nuclear transcriptomes from the prefrontal cortex of MDD cases and psychiatrically healthy controls, identifying cell-type-specific differentially expressed genes in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and deep layer excitatory neurons</snippet>. <snippet id="S_EVwyDNd">scRNA-seq has been performed on FAC-sorted cells from the medial prefrontal cortex of wild-type and mutant mice to capture gene expression changes relevant to ketamine effects on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qnEFPDZ">The 10x Chromium 3' version 3 platform provided a large dataset of over 175,000 single-nucleus transcriptomes, while SMART-Seq v4 offered greater gene coverage per cell</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not contain specific quantitative findings on ketamine-induced transcriptional changes, timepoints (acute vs chronic), or region-specific responses in PFC and hippocampus that the agent requires.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by supportive legislation such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' allowing temporary use of buildings, alongside a national adaptive reuse program initiated in 2018 as part of the 'heritage counts' 2018−21 policy</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">Research on 53 adaptive reuse cases since 2014 reveals a significant rise in commercial and residential uses of repurposed buildings, addressing housing shortages while increasing private ownership from 45% to 89%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">Adaptive reuse avoids wasteful demolition and new construction processes, reducing raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and environmental costs while curbing air pollutants and carbon emissions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between preserving cultural values and perceived circularity performance, with only 65% of cases reporting public engagement during early stages of reuse projects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Notable projects include the Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam transformed into a recreational space and the Van Nelle Fabriek in Rotterdam converted into office space, showcasing functionalist architecture</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7auStQm">Despite these advancements, stronger connections are needed between heritage conservation and circular economy goals, as current circularity performance is viewed narrowly within the context of the built environment</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The ARCS model has been applied to enhance motivation in online blended learning contexts, with a study using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions before, during, and after treatment to determine effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The motivational framework based on ARCS model's four factors (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) was implemented with a cohort of 75 undergraduate students in an IT in Business course</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">However, specific ARCS/IMMS applications in nursing health professions are not clearly detailed in the search results, though blended learning smoking cessation intervention studies show enhanced motivation in nursing students</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">One study focused on senior nursing students (n=164) and used motivation as a variable of analysis in online learning contexts</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">Blended learning combined with flipped classrooms allows nursing students to become self-directed autonomous learners, enhancing competencies effectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">Nursing students' motivation regulation strategies in blended learning have been studied qualitatively, with factors including instructional techniques and professor attitude influencing motivation</snippet>. The search results suggest IMMS/ARCS frameworks are applicable in health professions blended learning but require further validation for specific subscales like Interest/Attention in nursing contexts.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented for Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using datasets like MIMIC III, where data is mapped to ontologies using tools like Protege and GraphDB</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">This approach reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 s and enables integration of patient-generated data, genetic data, and socioeconomic determinants</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph has the potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings, leading to more efficient and effective patient care</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">Additional EHR-oriented knowledge graph systems have been developed to utilize non-used information buried in routine clinical practice</snippet>. However, the provided snippets do not specifically address virtual knowledge graphs, semantic data dictionaries, or linked codebooks as the requested frameworks for medical measurement datasets.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation is the most commonly used method for extracting metals after leaching in hydrometallurgical recycling, though it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation of other metals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective in reducing these losses to 3% per extraction stage and overall lithium losses to 15% when used to selectively remove elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Recent research on selective solvent extraction processes has yielded promising advances, including the use of tailored nanosorbents with excellent stability and lithium uptake capacity over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology for lithium recovery from battery leachates presents significant technical and economic challenges, including high energy consumption and acid waste production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate are being investigated as efficient processes with parameter dependencies on process temperature and stoichiometric factor</snippet>. <snippet id="S_GYt108D">Hydrometallurgy is widely used for recycling spent LIBs with single chemical composition, operating below 100°C with low equipment investment cost suitable for small- and medium-scale recycling</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0C7XVAE">Refining the leachate is necessary to remove impurities through methods including precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction, electrowinning, and ion exchange based on leachate composition and metal content</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">the blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram (about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_h22XXil">Wikipedia confirms a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>. This aligns with the previously found authoritative sources from Cleveland Clinic and StatPearls.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn bcc derived I-43m tetrahedral sites have an interstitial fraction (IF) ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 with 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites per unit cell</snippet>, confirming that tetrahedral displacement is integral to this phase's structure. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are inherently non-regular and induce tetragonal distortion</snippet>, which explains the reduced symmetry (I-43m) compared to ideal BCC (Im-3m). <snippet id="S_Z3bEhFs">Tetrahedral interstitial Mn is more stable than Mn in other substitutional sites</snippet>, supporting that displacement toward tetrahedral environments is energetically favorable in Mn-doped systems. <snippet id="S_cLXRF0f">Tetrahedral sites in related structures are less stable than hexagonal sites</snippet>, though in alpha-Mn the I-43m distortion appears to be a structural feature rather than a local stability preference. These snippets collectively confirm that alpha-Mn's cubic I-43m phase is a BCC lattice with atoms displaced toward tetrahedral interstitial sites.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The CLARITY-AD Phase 3 trial enrolled 1795 participants with early Alzheimer's disease who received either placebo or 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab for 18 months</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">lecanemab significantly slowing CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">The most common adverse events included infusion-related reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (17.3% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%) in the lecanemab group versus placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed ARIA incidence was higher in APOE ε4 carriers than noncarriers, with ε4 homozygotes experiencing 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele had the lowest incidence of ARIA-H (11.9%) and ARIA-E (5.4%), while ε4 heterozygotes had 14% ARIA-H and 10.9% ARIA-E</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Lecanemab also induced greater reductions in Aβ burden (−55.48 centiloids) and improved secondary cognitive endpoints including ADAS-Cog14 (−1.44 points) and ADCOMS (−0.05 points)</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Meta-analyses have found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking for learning material with subtle category differences, though it is not always optimal for all subjects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">One meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education, requiring 75 participants for detection</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Brunmair and Richter (2019) found an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) with robust evidence supporting interleaving</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">A three-way repeated measures ANOVA showed participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning, despite students perceiving it as more difficult</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqb2O6f">Presentation of related categorical material together may mitigate retrieval-induced forgetting, and spaced retrieval helps reinforce schema formation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">Moderators of the interleaving effect include retention interval length, type of learning material, and whether material is retained versus transferred</snippet>.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa,S_R0Q0yol">Exosomal miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-25-3p, and miR-181a-5p, show diagnostic value for CRC metastasis with AUC values ranging from 0.84 to 0.9354 in serum or plasma samples</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">Plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Proteomic analysis identified FGB and b2-GP1 as glycoprotein biomarkers in plasma exosomes with AUC values of 0.871 and 0.834, respectively</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b down-regulation in plasma achieved an AUC of 0.631 to 0.793 for CRC detection, with 0.830 for differentiating CRC at stage II/III from non-neoplastic controls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4qjDYAk">Plasma exosomal miR-125a-3p showed AUC of 68.5% for predicting colon cancer, improving to 85.5% when combined with CEA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Elevated exosomal miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a levels indicate cancer recurrence with promising AUC for non-invasive monitoring</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">Six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patients compared to normal individuals, serving as potential diagnostic biomarkers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">The exosomal miRNA-mRNA network identified candidate targets including hsa-miR-126, hsa-miR-139, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-29c, and hsa-miR-423 for diagnostic use</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gIxvWlW">Exosomes carry biomarkers specific to cancer cell origin in serum, though circulating exosomal markers in serum have yet to be fully developed for CRC detection</snippet>.
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<answer>
Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_S9ByqQU,S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">WebSocket is also faster than REST but strongly depends on IP address and port numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling (protobuf + HTTP/2) achieves performance comparable to gRPC, with 2.6× and 3.7× goodput improvements over gRPC+Envoy</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC by 1.7× and 1.6× in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">Communication costs are substantial in DeathStarBench applications, and reducing communication latency improves end-to-end application performance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DuAkisQ">gRPC is highlighted as the most comprehensive protocol for microservices, particularly effective for standardizing service communications across different technologies and programming languages using protocol buffers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4YO8JzA">gRPC supports four communication types including unary, server streaming, client streaming, and bi-directional streaming, making it suitable for efficient communication in microservices architectures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform using gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP, with direct communication between services enhancing data collection and processing efficiency</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs,S_DuAkisQ">the search results do not provide specific energy consumption or power meter measurements (e.g., RAPL) for these protocols</snippet>, which limits the ability to evaluate energy efficiency impacts quantitatively.
</answer>

<answer>
Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, using two-stage least squares (2SLS) to address endogeneity issues with the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable</snippet>, but it uses population density rather than historical population as an instrumental variable. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study addresses endogeneity in urbanization and CO2 emissions by using provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable</snippet>, but again this is for urbanization, not bus supply. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A study on female employment and fertility uses the presence of a bus stop as an instrumental variable</snippet>, but this is at the village/neighborhood level and concerns employment opportunities rather than provincial bus numbers. None of the provided search results explicitly document the use of "historical population" (lagged or census-based) as an instrumental variable for the number of buses at the provincial level within a 2SLS framework. The closest match is S_aOtgB03, which uses 2SLS with bus counts but instruments with population density rather than historical population. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Some studies use lagged urbanization as an instrumental variable</snippet>, but these are for public health and economic development contexts, not transport infrastructure.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform (PIT) states that for a continuous random variable X with cumulative distribution function F, the transformed variable U = F(X) follows a standard uniform distribution on the interval [0,1] under the null hypothesis</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">This transformation is applicable when the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the target distribution is tractable, and if the CDF or PDF of the distribution is defined, the PIT values will be continuous and uniformly distributed if the observed data equals the known distribution</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">The relationship between U and the random variable Y defined by Y = F⁻¹(U) ensures that the distribution of Y corresponds to the desired distribution defined by F, which is the inverse probability integral transform or Smirnov transform</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">For discrete p-values, the uniform distribution on [0,1] is used as a reference, with the convention that any CDF is right continuous with left limits</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transform's values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution, which is preferred for calibration purposes</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing (MEC) in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic, thereby alleviating traffic load on backhaul links</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">A proposed multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithm utilizes deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions, enhancing cooperation and hit rates among edge caches</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables vehicles to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to cache data for future reuse or retransmission</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs are proposed as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks to enhance edge caching strategies by equipping them with cache storage for frequently requested content</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs can download and cache content while charging at docking stations and then serve requests from the air, reducing service delays and backhaul load</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SsNXzNl">Due to the highly dynamic network environment of SAGINs, it is necessary to design real-time and energy-efficient resource allocation schemes with deep learning-based optimization to monitor edge computing node status</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protective coatings in industrial applications, with the corrosion resistance provided by the NiCr matrix and wear resistance mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings on stainless steel showed good wear resistance at 500°C, with optimal performance at a powder feed rate of 33.5 g/min due to dense structure and enough fracture toughness</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4,S_yzJqROu">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms have been investigated in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF techniques</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet coatings exhibit better erosion-corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics and fine-grain structure</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">Erosion-corrosion protection has been demonstrated for Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings on stainless steel in oilfield-like conditions</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_QJsPloF,S_fg0OhCM,S_0mTkMYt,S_CjscVjT,S_ufhk6e0,S_J2hzkDn">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively</snippet>, with OFDMA dividing the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocating them to each user <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh">OFDMA divides the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocates these sub-carriers to each user in the coverage area</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA, which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet>, addressing the PAPR challenge that OFDMA faces in wireless channels <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data, but it faces challenges such as high PAPR, inter-carrier interference, and sensitivity to frequency errors</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">OFDMA is the version of FDMA in which the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other and is an adaptation of the OFDM modulation technique for multiple access</snippet>, while SC-FDMA is the pre-DFT encoded version of FDMA <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is the pre-DFT encoded version of FDMA</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e,S_J2hzkDn">The radio frame structure uses 10ms downlink frames divided into ten 1ms subframes, with each subframe containing two slots and 7 OFDM symbols</snippet>, and the minimum allocatable resource is a physical resource block (PRB) spanning 12 subcarriers <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">The smallest unit of data is a resource block, which spans 12 subcarriers for one slot</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0mTkMYt">In the time domain, data is organized into frames consisting of 10 subframes, each 1 ms long, with frequency domain divisions of 15 KHz subcarriers</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Several papers have been published on enabling secure database as a service using fully homomorphic encryption</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">a practical and secure homomorphic order-preserving encryption (FHOPE) scheme that allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF">FHE can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data on the server side, returning encrypted matching answers in a result buffer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15">Systems like CryptDB demonstrate fully homomorphic encryption enabling encrypted SQL database queries in cloud services</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">order-preserving encryption (OPE) supports SQL range queries but exposes private information</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt">A relational database system based on homomorphic encryption schemes has been proposed to preserve data integrity and confidentiality</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_YK9KfW1">current performance is hindered by time-consuming processes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] discuss using homomorphic encryption for supporting general database queries at a conceptual level</snippet>, showing that for queries without fixed answer sizes, answers can be constructed from the result buffer with overwhelming probability.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than YIG/Pt samples and greater than Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx structures</snippet>, confirming the material system for high spin-torque efficiency. <snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">The spin Hall conductivity of α-W is ≈3.5 times larger than that of amorphous W, with |σSHα-W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1</snippet>, making it a potential candidate for future low-power consumption spin-orbit torque memory applications. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">The CoFeB layer exhibits field-free deterministic magnetic switching with a critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm², highlighting the efficiency of the spin Hall angle torque in achieving sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be established by inserting a Hf spacer layer as thin as 0.25 nm between W and CoFeB layers, enabling current-driven magnetic switching with both antidamping-like and field-like spin torque components</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">The switching efficiency trend is identical to the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) magnitude trend, confirming that SMR and spin-orbit torques are closely correlated</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">W–Ta and W–V alloy layers between β-W and CoFeB can boost torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40% compared to pristine β-W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs and MAOIs have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_nregWI1">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s,S_QJaZTc4">Environmental enrichment (EE) significantly enhances neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in newborn cells after exposure</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">exercise acts as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis allows the gut microbiota to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system</snippet>, with interventions including prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics being accessible to direct manipulation. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions targeting PPARα and AMPK pathways can enhance BDNF signaling, with fenofibrate alleviating stress-induced depression-like behaviors</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine can also promote neurogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XqPsuik">However, the effect of antidepressants and dietary interventions in adolescence remains to be fully understood</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans remains controversial due to limitations in tissue processing and post-mortem requirements</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft provides an XSLT stylesheet named mml2omml.xsl used to convert MathML to OMML format in Word</snippet>, which is applied internally during the conversion process. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_iBtRRBw">The OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet is included with Microsoft Word and can be used to transform OMML to MathML</snippet>, indicating the XSLT transformation is a built-in capability. <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">The omml2mathml package on npm is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>, confirming the underlying technology is available for external use. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">Users have discussed the redistribution of omml2mml.xsl from MS Office, suggesting it is included as a dependency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft's Math in Office documentation provides mappings between MathML and OMML elements</snippet>, establishing the official specification for the conversion. These resources collectively document the XSLT-based conversion infrastructure for MathML to OMML in Microsoft Word.
</answer>

<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding</snippet>, though the available snippets do not contain a specific study with explicit outcome wording linking self-monitoring to self-understanding. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems</snippet>, using a multiple baseline design with incentive points for correct responses. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">The study by Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) investigated the impact of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the addition and subtraction performance of nine elementary students with learning disabilities</snippet>, with the experimental group receiving training in a 10-step self-instructional procedure. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process</snippet>, which led to immediate improvements in accuracy that were maintained in follow-up assessments. However, none of these snippets explicitly measure or report outcomes related to self-understanding or self-awareness, only mathematical performance. <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_gXD3los">Washington et al. (2012) emphasized the need to teach self-advocacy and self-determination skills</snippet>, but these do not directly address self-understanding. The search results indicate self-monitoring interventions are effective for behavior and academic outcomes, but a specific study explicitly connecting self-monitoring to self-understanding is not identified in these snippets.
</answer>

<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance prioritized enforcement against flavored, cartridge-based electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), with the exception of tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">However, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a blanket "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, as the agency has already accepted and begun review of some applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes still on the market</snippet>. <snippet id="S_LRjKfcX">FDA will closely monitor the use rates of all types of e-cigarette products among youth, including tobacco and menthol flavored e-cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has recently cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products marketed to youth</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A multi-dimensional framework evaluating economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment is proposed to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness in long-term care from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">Government strategies significantly influence quality, with public institutions showing better service quality than private ones, emphasizing the triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas impact elderly access to long-term care, highlighting sustainability challenges including market failures and fiscal imbalances that affect affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L4yUklD">Member States are committed to ensuring accessible, high-quality, and sustainable health care through rational resource use, appropriate incentives for users and providers, and good governance between care systems</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's integrated home- and community-based systems for the frail elderly show that expenditures have leveled off and access to quality services remain generally satisfactory</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">China's investment in community home-based elderly care services from 2016 to 2020 demonstrates policy support for reducing costs and supporting aging-in-place</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_CoNxRSP">The mooring subsystem is crucial for stabilizing the floating platform, utilizing a mooring line that connects to an anchor on the lake floor, with elastic mooring lines used to provide flexibility and stability against wind and waves</snippet>. <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">The study focuses on developing a numerical model for a floating photovoltaic (FPV) system intended for offshore installation, evaluating the dynamics and displacements of various floating platforms under different weather and sea conditions, including wave height, period, and wind speed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Q8i28GO">The design optimization of mooring systems for offshore floating structures is complex due to numerous variables and constraints, with methodologies including genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing mooring designs that reduce platform responses</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hTDcmSA">A typical floating solar PV system comprises five subsystems: the PV subsystem, floating platform, mooring subsystem, underwater cables for power transfer, and the electric power and control subsystem</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8tiGRfz">The type of floating offshore wind structure influences installation methods, mooring materials, and anchoring systems, with semisubmersible platforms utilizing onshore installation while Tension Leg Platforms (TLP) and spar platforms require dry transport via barge and floating crane</snippet>. However, the provided search results do not contain specific references to IEA PVPS Task 16, DNV-RP-0584, IALA guidance on marking, or detailed quantification of ship-wake loads on moored floating structures.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers as self-employed individuals who hire others. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P,S_ZXK2mwq">The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ztwb8bd">These classifications are used to analyze employment channels, particularly in manufacturing and construction industries where non-regular employees are prevalent</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and varying proficiency levels in Russian (45% intermediate, 40% elementary, 15% advanced)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_zFkS0OO">The rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) in Russian universities is linked to the internationalization of education, with EMI programs increasingly used to attract international students and enhance institutional rankings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hO67oBv">However, research on EMI effectiveness shows that without proper pedagogical support, EMI lectures with varying levels of second language English ability can lead to low levels of student comprehension and satisfaction</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">While EMI and bilingual programs have expanded in China, similar multilingual medium-of-instruction approaches exist in Russia for international students, though data on specific integration outcomes remains limited</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">Russia's Bologna process involvement emphasizes foreign language proficiency for global competitiveness, yet implementation gaps persist with only 20.86% of schools offering multiple foreign languages and 3% providing instruction in two or more languages</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hF9gM7p">Despite EMI benefits, transitioning from a first language to English poses significant challenges, with students perceiving their English skills as inadequate and lecturers expressing concerns about comprehension</snippet>. <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">Recent studies indicate mixed outcomes for EMI effectiveness in non-Anglophone contexts, with limited statistical evidence on its ability to consistently improve academic English proficiency</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video techno-thriller set in Istanbul about a systems analyst who is framed via identity theft</snippet>, <snippet id="20176,28554">distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>, and <snippet id="95020">was reviewed by DVD Talk, which called it a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. However, <snippet id="95020,28554">the composer is not identified in the available search results</snippet>, so I cannot confirm whether the music was by a British composer. The plot matches the agent's criteria for a mid-90s thriller sequel with Istanbul and a tech professional protagonist.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF from the Internet Archive and other sources, covering Amiga technical reference material</snippet>. <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">The manual includes register summary tables organized by alphabetical and address order, covering coprocessor hardware, playfield hardware, and enhanced chip set</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA (Amiga Graphics Adapter) documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution at 12-bit color depth, compatible with both PAL and NTSC video standards</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">The Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 is also available as a PDF, corresponding to the V1.3 system software release with material from Steve Beats and other developers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5opBoeK">Earlier editions of the Hardware Reference Manual covered the A1000, A500, and A2000 release machines, with some versions edited on Amiga 2500 running AMIX</snippet>. These documents provide the foundational hardware documentation needed for understanding AGA chipset registers, memory map, and system architecture for 68030 assembly programming.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations, crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">Aqueous chemimemristor based on proton-permeable graphene membranes and nanofluidic devices showing memristive behavior are being developed as water-based bioinspired memristive devices for neuromorphic computing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7aDjN43">Three-terminal synaptic devices including memtransistors and ferroelectric devices are explored as alternatives to traditional two-terminal devices to overcome drawbacks like current leakage and lack of precise synaptic weight adjustment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YkA1LR2">Digital neuromorphic hardware advancements emphasize the need for efficient synapse memory with SRAM crossbar arrays preferred for higher throughput while analog systems leverage memristors for enhanced synaptic weight management</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NXP43zO">The DARPA SyNAPSE initiative has funded neuromorphic chip development with TrueNorth architecture capable of simulating millions of neurons and synapses for cognitive algorithm integration</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111">It debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was RIAA‑certified, and earned multiple Grammys at the 2009 ceremony—including Album of the Year, Record of the Year ("Please Read the Letter") and Best Pop/Country collaborations</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">The album is one of Krauss’s three collaboration albums</snippet>, alongside later works like <snippet id="93249">Raise the Roof (2021), the second Alison Krauss–Robert Plant collaboration</snippet> which also received widespread critical acclaim and multiple Grammy nominations.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between a 6.4% maltodextrin carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with a 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion (typically 30–60 g/h from a 6%–7% solution) enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding its effects on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">The effect is thought to arise from brain pathways linked to reward and motivation, activated by the presence of carbohydrates in the mouth, independent of metabolic benefits</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">The effectiveness of carbohydrate intake is influenced by the individual's carbohydrate status, showing the most significant benefits in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar, particularly towards the end of a game</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) is designed to simulate the activity patterns of team sports like soccer, incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>There is a record of a "Captain Delauney" role in the West End musical "Erminie" in 1885, though this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical comedy</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-2>Another reference to "Captain Hollywood Project" appears to be a separate 1990s Eurodance music project, not a theatrical role</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-4,391d2d98-8>The duo "Captain & Tennille" was a 1970s American music group, but this is unrelated to a role in a musical</snippet>. <snippet id=391d2d98-7>Sonia Delaunay was a celebrated artist, but there is no evidence of a "Captain Delauney" role originating as an actress in London</snippet>. The search results do not provide clear evidence of a specific musical role called "Captain Delauney" that originated with an actress in London.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
</answer>


<answer>
The search results identified the target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" but the available snippets do not contain its substantive reporting recommendations. <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The article title was found but the full text snippet is only the title without substantive content</snippet>. Related reviews discuss regulatory pathways for fluorescence-guided surgery, noting that key milestones include indocyanine green approval in 1959 and fluorescein in 1972. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">The article reviews the regulatory pathways for the approval of fluorescence imaging agents and devices used in open-field fluorescence-guided surgery</snippet>. Another review identifies key performance capabilities for FGS systems, including real-time overlay of white-light and fluorescence images and quantitative capabilities. <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn">The review discusses advancements in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) systems, primarily focusing on the transition from indocyanine green (ICG) imaging to more specific molecular tracers</snippet>. However, none of the provided snippets contain the specific domain-structured reporting recommendations needed to ground clinical discussion questions. <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o">The page discusses clinical approval and guidelines for emerging optical imaging agents, particularly focusing on fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) in cancer surgery</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" was identified in the search results</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX,S_onh5WOE,S_nKW5KXm,S_HRINe1D,S_u8Vhij6,S_m5a9xl5,S_CoFf8GZ,S_ausD8QJ">the available search snippets do not contain substantive content from this specific paper—only general information about IAMs from other sources</snippet>. <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs provide an integrated view of the global energy-economy-climate-land system and can spell out a broad range of possible futures</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they integrate diverse sub-models across disciplines to quantify cause-effect relationships but face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on assumptions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX">The search results include discussions about futures approaches for global environmental assessments and IAM applications for SDG trade-offs</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">no snippets contain the specific abstract, methods, results, or discussion sections from the target paper that would detail its key technical contributions and empirical findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_nKW5KXm">Some snippets describe IAM frameworks for SDG analysis with stakeholder engagement and scenario development</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">without access to the full text of the paper, I cannot summarize its specific findings about IAM capabilities and gaps as framed in the "possibility space" concept</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">Research indicates that to enhance adolescent recreational reading in secondary schools, it is essential to provide dedicated time for reading, implement initiatives like summer reading programs, and create supportive classroom contexts that foster engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_L5NhumS">Teacher support and strong relationships with educators are crucial for fostering a reading culture, while many students struggle to find books that match their interests and abilities, highlighting the need for resources that assist in making appropriate reading choices</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices should promote choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings, with reading interventions that integrate motivational principles such as collaboration, relevance, and self-efficacy alongside cognitive skills like reading fluency showing positive effects on adolescents' reading development</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Knowledgeable librarians play a vital role in this process, though some students find reading to be effortful, which can hinder their engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_xbJmN70">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement, with research suggesting that libraries can play a key role in reading promotion through employing reading and literacy supportive activities</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SRm3hRO">Disciplinary literacy has emerged as a key focus in secondary education, defined as the specific reading, reasoning, and writing skills necessary to learn and understand complex content within a discipline</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_RLXmKuG">The EU AI Act mandates that high-risk AI systems must be "sufficiently transparent" to enable users to interpret outputs, with Article 13 requiring accessible and understandable instructions detailing the system's characteristics, capabilities, and limitations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK,S_WG0otDu">Article 14(3) mandates that human overseers must have the authority to decide against using the AI system, override its outputs, and intervene in its operation, including the ability to halt it safely</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_NQAOkk3">Providers must maintain comprehensive technical documentation that includes dataset details, training methodologies, and performance metrics, with documentation obligations varying based on risk level and intended recipient</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3iocoPc">For systems considered opaque and complex, Article 4(2)(b) details that explainability is mandated through disclosure of proportional evidence (logs, documentation, and datasets) rather than within the system itself</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E4eihUQ,S_xQp268d">General-purpose AI systems face high-risk obligations if they can be used in high-risk contexts, though open-source providers may qualify for simplified documentation under Article 52c if they maintain a free and open license</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vzKoGDA,S_AsIfzah">Article 50 imposes transparency duties on deployers, requiring outputs to be watermarked and users to be informed when interacting with chatbots, though there is no obligation for general-purpose AI models to ensure the truthfulness of their outputs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RLXmKuG,S_iTsiprz">The Act uses a risk-based approach with four risk categories (unacceptable, high, limited, minimal), where only high-risk systems face the most stringent conformity assessment and transparency requirements</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
</answer>