<answer>
<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's 1989 novel The Joy Luck Club centers on fraught mother-daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves sixteen interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Central themes include trauma, sacrifice, and unmet expectations, with Chinese tradition and silence clashing against American individualism and limited understanding</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and the recognition of shared histories and identities</snippet>.
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<snippet id="51627,69934,74289">Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club is a 1989 novel that centers on fraught mother‑daughter bonds shaped by immigration, cultural clash, and generational gaps</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The novel weaves interlocking stories about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four American-born daughters, with central themes of cultural and generational conflict</snippet>. <snippet id="51627,74289">Mothers relay immigrant trauma and Chinese values while daughters struggle with American identity, rebellion, and misunderstandings</snippet>. <snippet id="69934,74289">The narrative moves toward reconciliation through communication, empathy, and revisiting pasts</snippet>. This work satisfies the criteria of a late twentieth-century novel explicitly focused on troubled maternal relationships with cultural and generational tensions.
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<snippet id="S_386ZR9h">The study utilized high-throughput single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to analyze cell type composition in the adult mouse brain, focusing on 92 anatomical locations from 55 mice, with a median of 4,884 unique molecular identifiers per profile</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">The analysis included nearly equal representation of male and female mice, with minimal batch effects, achieving approximately 90% saturation in cell type discovery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">This comprehensive approach provides insights into the diverse cell types present in the mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, relevant for understanding the effects of substances like ketamine on brain function</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">Transcriptomic profiling of complex tissues by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) affords some advantages over single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), including less biased cellular coverage and ability to apply to archived frozen specimens</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KNwlTux">Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) are advanced techniques used to study the transcriptomic landscape of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, particularly in the context of psychiatric disorders</snippet>. However, the provided search results do not contain specific quantitative findings on ketamine-induced cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in PFC or hippocampus; they primarily establish technical and general biological context for single-cell/snRNA-seq approaches in mouse brain.
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<snippet id="S_iTfCBaw,S_386ZR9h,S_hu2Og7m">The provided search results do not contain scRNA-seq evidence on cell-type-specific transcriptional changes in mouse brain regions after antidepressant administration</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iTfCBaw">While some snippets compare snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq methodologies in mouse cortex, they do not include antidepressant treatment data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_386ZR9h">One study profiles 4,388,420 nuclei across 92 mouse brain locations but only mentions ketamine as a potential substance of interest without providing actual treatment results</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hu2Og7m">Another snippet discusses rodent models for psychiatric disorders and mentions scRNA-seq as a tool, but provides no specific ketamine or SSRI transcriptional findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sBVDz14">Human MDD post-mortem snRNA-seq data is presented instead of mouse antidepressant intervention studies</snippet>. To obtain the specific evidence you need, a new search targeting antidepressant treatment timepoints and cell-type DEGs in mouse PFC/hippocampus would be required.
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<snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">Community-led adaptive reuse initiatives in the Netherlands are supported by supportive legislation such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' and the 2016 'heritage act', which facilitate public-private partnerships and citizen participation in heritage conservation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">A study analyzing 53 adaptive reuse cases since 2014 found that 96% of stakeholders affirm the importance of adaptive reuse for preserving cultural values, with increased private sector involvement and 65% of cases reporting public engagement during early project stages</snippet>. <snippet id="S_0hvikSw,S_t1UFtY4">Adaptive reuse avoids wasteful demolition and new construction processes, reducing raw material use, energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions while curbing air pollutants</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">Iconic projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek and Rotterdam's Van Nelle Fabriek demonstrate how adaptive reuse enhances social, economic, and environmental benefits through community-oriented regeneration of historic waterfronts and city centers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R69NOII">However, there is a noted disconnect between preserving cultural values and perceived circularity performance, indicating a limited understanding of circularity frameworks among stakeholders</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vKl66cs">The Netherlands' adaptive reuse program, initiated with central government commitment to heritage investment as part of its 'heritage counts' 2018−21 policy, has made adaptive reuse the most viable option for spatial development amid economic crises</snippet>.
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In the Netherlands, <snippet id="S_vKl66cs,S_t1UFtY4">community-led adaptive reuse is supported by policies such as the 2010 'crisis and recovery act' that reposition local authorities as facilitators</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_R69NOII">public engagement rates reached 65% of cases following the 2016 'heritage act'</snippet>. Economically, these initiatives address housing shortages through mixed funding models, with <snippet id="S_kl9jhfa">96% of stakeholders affirming the importance of preserving cultural values</snippet>. Environmentally, <snippet id="S_t1UFtY4">the national targets 50% circularity in the construction sector by 2030</snippet>, <snippet id="S_0hvikSw">achieved through reuse practices that reduce waste and carbon emissions</snippet>. Socially, <snippet id="S_ZEzeufE">projects like Amsterdam's Westergasfabriek transform heritage into spaces enhancing community wellbeing</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_R69NOII">current circularity performance often neglects broader socio-economic factors</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_Q6ina6d">The Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) with 36 questions has been used in blended teaching methodologies research, though the study involved undergraduate students in IT in Business courses rather than nursing or health professions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hX0trSo">A blended learning smoking cessation intervention study with nursing students in South Korea found enhanced autonomous motivation and perceived competence, but did not use ARCS/IMMS instruments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_N6iFqRQ">A study of online learning on nursing students in South Korea focused on nurses' knowledge of motivation rather than using IMMS or ARCS measures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_sojw4wD">Research on blended and flipped learning in nursing education exists, but does not specifically report using IMMS/CIS subscales for interest or engagement</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Nv2DGCg">A qualitative study on blended learning in nursing education examined motivation regulation strategies but did not employ ARCS-based measures</snippet>. The search results do not provide direct evidence of IMMS or ARCS instruments specifically applied to nursing or health professions in blended/e-learning contexts.
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One search result confirms the application of the ARCS model using the Instructional Material Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a blended learning context, but the study participants were enrolled in IT in Business courses rather than health professions <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>. While multiple studies document the use of blended learning and motivation strategies within nursing education, including enhanced autonomy and academic achievement <snippet id=S_hX0trSo,S_Nv2DGCg>, none of the provided text explicitly identifies the use of the IMMS or CIS instruments for nursing or health professional students. Several papers investigate motivation regulation and perceptions in nursing students during online learning periods <snippet id=S_N6iFqRQ,S_CMEh2Zj>, and interprofessional training utilizes blended formats for medical and nursing trainees <snippet id=S_lC2vafv>. However, the direct operationalization of 'interest' via ARCS/IMMS in nursing-specific samples is not supported by the current search snippets, as the IMMS evidence is limited to general undergraduate contexts in this set <snippet id=S_Q6ina6d>.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graphs have been implemented for Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using datasets like MIMIC III with tools such as GraphDB and Protege for ontology mapping</snippet>, enabling semantic relationship capture across clinical data <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7">. The implementation reduces query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and supports integration of patient-generated data and genetic information <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">. However, these snippets describe actual knowledge graph implementations rather than virtual knowledge graph approaches using semantic data dictionaries or linked codebooks</snippet>. <snippet id="S_H6H06tT">The EHR knowledge graph has potential to revolutionize decision-making in healthcare settings</snippet>, but specific evidence of OBDA/R2RML tools for virtual KG access to medical measurements is not present in these results. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has been proposed for efficient utilization of non-used information in routine clinical practice</snippet>, though details on semantic data dictionary or linked codebook mechanisms are not provided.
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<snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">Knowledge graph implementations have been developed for EHR data, including mapping datasets like MIMIC III to ontologies using Protege and creating knowledge graphs using GraphDB via RDF mapping procedures</snippet>. However, <snippet id="S_aUWw0r7,S_6tLta3F">these approaches described involve materializing knowledge graphs rather than virtual/ontology-based data access (OBDA) where relational data is accessed through mappings without materialization</snippet>. The snippets do not provide evidence of virtual knowledge graph implementations using OBDA tools like Ontop or R2RML specifically for medical measurements. <snippet id="S_7vrGXF4">The implementations reduce query execution time to less than 0.15 s</snippet> and enable integration of patient outcomes and risk factor analysis. <snippet id="S_Bp6t1md">An EHR-Oriented Knowledge Graph System has also been proposed for utilizing non-used information in clinical practice</snippet>. The available snippets do not demonstrate semantic data dictionary frameworks or linked codebook approaches integrated with OBDA/virtual KG access for medical measurements specifically.
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<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Hydrometallurgical recycling of LIBs typically uses precipitation as the most commonly used method after leaching, though co-precipitation of lithium can cause losses up to 30%</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective for selective removal of elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn, reducing overall lithium losses to 15% compared to 30% with precipitation alone</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Recent research shows selective solvent extraction with tailored nanosorbents and ion exchange methods can achieve high lithium uptake capacity with excellent stability over repeated cycles</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Precipitation with sodium carbonate remains the state-of-the-art for lithium recovery from pregnant leaching liquors, with studies investigating alternative precipitants like sodium phosphate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Nanofiltration membranes show promise for lithium recovery from battery leachates by removing multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺, improving lithium yield and reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_cFB3tdS">Hydrometallurgical methods offer advantages including lower energy requirements, higher recovery rates, and improved purity compared to pyrometallurgy, though they are complex and time-consuming</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">Precipitation as lithium carbonate is currently the most commonly used method to recover lithium after hydrometallurgical leaching of LIBs, but it can cause total lithium losses up to 30% due to co-precipitation with other metals</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_8sUXQxV">solvent extraction methods are highly effective at reducing lithium losses to 15% overall by selectively removing elements like Co, Ni, Al, and Mn before lithium precipitation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_I12FLcH">Selective solvent extraction using immiscible organic extractants is widely employed, where metals like nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium can be sequentially separated using reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, D2EHPA, ammonium oxalate, and sodium carbonate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MqwIWhe">Recent research compares classic sodium carbonate precipitation with alternative agents like sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate, investigating temperature and stoichiometric factors to improve efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_aewi150">Ion exchange technology presents significant challenges including high energy consumption and acid waste production, contributing to only 6% of batteries being recycled globally</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_aewi150">nanofiltration membranes are emerging as innovative selective technologies that can effectively remove multivalent cations like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from leachates, improving lithium yield while reducing acid production</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zrllGPw">Hydrometallurgy remains widely used for lithium recovery with low equipment investment costs, though its suitability varies with battery chemical composition and operational scale</snippet>.
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<snippet id="S_ep51C66">A typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints of blood circulating through their body</snippet>, which translates to <snippet id="S_ep51C66">about 4.5 to 6.8 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">Blood volume is about 78 ml per kilogram</snippet>, which for an average adult equals <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">approximately 6.7 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SoTD265">Most sources state the volume of blood in an average human adult as between 4.7 and 5 liters</snippet>. <snippet id="S_h22XXil">A typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters</snippet>, with females and males having approximately the same blood percentage by weight.
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Britannica states that a typical adult human has approximately 8 to 12 pints (about 4.5 to 6.8 liters) of blood circulating through their body <snippet id="S_ep51C66">. Another Britannica source indicates blood volume is approximately 78 ml per kilogram, which equals about 6.7 litres for a man weighing 86 kg <snippet id="S_6ZepFD3">. For a 154-pound person, Britannica estimates about 5.5 liters of blood <snippet id="S_QOkX4rw">. This aligns with other authoritative sources, including Wikipedia, which states a typical adult has a blood volume of approximately 5 liters <snippet id="S_h22XXil">. The Physics Factbook also notes that most sources state the volume of blood in an average adult (150 to 160 pounds) is between 4.7 and 5 liters <snippet id="S_SoTD265">. Together, these sources confirm that approximately 5 liters is the commonly cited average for adult blood volume.
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<snippet id="S_AMKgb7w">Alpha-Mn is described as bcc derived with I-43m symmetry and has tetrahedral interstitial sites with an interstitial fraction ranging from 0.0 to 1.0</snippet>, confirming it as a cubic structure with tetrahedral-site features. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Tetrahedral interstitial sites in bcc lattices are inherently non-regular and lead to tetragonal distortion of the lattice</snippet>, which reduces the ideal cubic symmetry. <snippet id="S_xHv2FdY">Both octahedral and tetrahedral bcc interstices have tetragonal symmetry, indicating that tetrahedral occupation breaks the cubic Im-3m symmetry</snippet>. This confirms that alpha-Mn's I-43m phase is a distorted bcc lattice with tetrahedral interstitial environments.
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Alpha-Mn is identified as a bcc-derived cubic structure with I-43m symmetry that explicitly features tetrahedral interstitial sites <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Its unit cell is noted to have 12 tetrahedral interstitial sites, where the interstitial fraction ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 in the studied system <snippet id=S_AMKgb7w>. Supporting this structural distinction, the tetrahedral interstitial sites in the bcc lattice are described as non-regular and exhibiting tetragonal symmetry <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>. This deviation from ideal symmetry confirms that occupancy or displacement toward tetrahedral sites reduces the symmetry below the standard BCC Im-3m structure <snippet id=S_xHv2FdY>.
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<snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">CLARITY AD was a Phase 3 trial (NCT03887455) that enrolled 1795 participants with early Alzheimer's disease who received either placebo or 10 mg/kg biweekly lecanemab for 18 months</snippet>, with <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_p20O8Yh">lecanemab meeting its primary endpoint of CDR-SB decline, showing a between-group difference of −0.45 CDR points (27% relative effect) compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K">The most common adverse events included infusion reactions (26.4% vs 7.4%), ARIA-H (16.9% vs 8.9%), and ARIA-E (12.6% vs 1.7%) in the lecanemab versus placebo groups</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_mL0KRC8">Safety data showed that ARIA incidence was significantly higher in APOE ε4 carriers than noncarriers, with APOE ε4 homozygotes experiencing 39% ARIA-H and 32.6% ARIA-E rates</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD">Secondary endpoints included ADAS-Cog14 (difference −1.44), ADCOMS (difference −0.05), and ADCS-MCI-ADL (difference 2), with amyloid PET showing a mean change of −55.48 centiloids in the lecanemab group</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_f3IR99F">Lecanemab demonstrated a highly statistically significant decrease in clinical decline on global cognitive and functional scales at 18 months, with reduced amyloid plaque burden</snippet>.
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<snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo,S_ipB4qty,S_i9d1QdD>The CLARITY-AD trial primary endpoint showed lecanemab reduced CDR-SB decline by 0.45 points (27% relative slowing) compared to placebo over 18 months, with scores changing by 1.21 versus 1.66 respectively.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty,S_VxjMD7K>Overall ARIA-E rates were 12.5-12.6% for lecanemab versus 1.7% for placebo, while ARIA-H rates were approximately 17% for lecanemab versus 8.7-9.0% for placebo.</snippet> <snippet id=S_ipB4qty>Symptomatic events were observed in 2.8% for ARIA-E and 0.7% for ARIA-H in the lecanemab group.</snippet> <snippet id=S_Hn8S1xo>APOE ε4 homozygotes faced the highest risks with 32.6% ARIA-E and 39% ARIA-H incidence, compared to 10.9%/14% for heterozygotes and 5.4%/11.9% for non-carriers.</snippet>
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<snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">A meta-analysis of interleaving found robust evidence that interleaving is more effective than blocking, with an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_MvO6XoQ">another meta-analysis indicated a medium interleaving effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HjbjDyG">Interleaving enhances long-term retention by promoting discriminative-contrast learning</snippet>, though students often perceive it as more difficult. <snippet id="S_6doaVxd">Research showed participants' performance in spaced (interleaved) study was significantly better than massed study in both short and long-term retention conditions</snippet>, with the difference being greatest during initial blocks for short-term retention and middle blocks for long-term retention. <snippet id="S_JXQqQJ9">The effectiveness of interleaving depends on material characteristics, retention interval length, and successive versus simultaneous presentation</snippet>, with most effective for subtle rather than pronounced category differences. <snippet id="S_qfcbv6y,S_F4O9YDZ">Additional meta-analyses in education focus on broader learning outcomes including one-shot library sessions and online versus offline learning</snippet>, though specific retention data for these studies is not detailed in the snippets.
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Meta-analytic evidence indicates interleaving produces robust effects in education, with Brunmair and Richter (2019) finding an intermediate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.42) favoring interleaving over blocked study <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>, while another meta-analysis reported a medium effect (Hedge's g = 0.67) in education contexts <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. Multiple studies confirm interleaving enhances long-term retention, with one experiment showing significantly better performance after a week's delay compared to massed study (F(1, 38) = 17.43, p < .001, ηp² = .31) <snippet id=S_6doaVxd>. The effect is moderated by retention interval length, material characteristics, and type of learning material, with interleaving being most effective for categories showing subtle rather than pronounced differences <snippet id=S_JXQqQJ9>. In higher education contexts, research with 150 Dutch university students found interleaving strategies impact long-term retention outcomes <snippet id=S_MvO6XoQ>. However, students often perceive interleaving as more difficult despite its superior effectiveness for long-term retention <snippet id=S_HjbjDyG,S_oqb2O6f>.
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<snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Exosomal CEA shows higher AUC (0.9354) compared to serum CEA (0.8557), making it more significant for predicting distant metastasis in colorectal cancer</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R0Q0yol">A liquid biopsy panel of exosomal miRNAs achieved AUC of 0.84 for identifying T1 CRC patients at risk for lymph node metastasis, while plasma exosomal markers EGFR and ITGB3 demonstrated AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87 respectively for distinguishing CRC from metastatic CRC</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XwzmeRy">Plasma exosomal glycoproteins FGB (AUC 0.871) and b2-GP1 (AUC 0.834) showed higher discriminatory power compared to conventional serum markers CEA and CA19-9</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BgQS4mb">Exosomal miR-92b down-regulation in plasma achieved AUC of 0.830 for differentiating CRC at clinical stage II/III from non-neoplasm controls</snippet>. <snippet id="S_YHbihgJ">Six potential lncRNAs in circulatory exosomes were significantly upregulated in CRC patient plasma compared to normal individuals, suggesting diagnostic biomarker potential</snippet>. <snippet id="S_AmYsVOa">Exosomal IRF-2 overexpression was observed in CRC patients with lymph node metastasis, though specific AUC values for this marker are not provided</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SlKteGa">Exosomal miRNAs including miRNA-1246, miRNA-21, and miRNA-23a have shown potential as diagnostic biomarkers with elevated levels indicating cancer recurrence</snippet>.
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Serum exosomal biomarkers have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer metastasis, with serum exosomal CEA achieving an AUC of 0.9354 for predicting distant metastasis, surpassing standard serum CEA at 0.8557 <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa>. Plasma exosomal proteins EGFR and ITGB3 showed AUCs of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, for distinguishing metastatic CRC, while a multi-miRNA panel yielded an AUC of 0.84 for lymph node metastasis risk <snippet id=S_R0Q0yol>. Specific plasma exosomal RNAs such as miR-181a-5p and miR-30d-5p correlate with lymph node and liver metastases, and lncRNA CCAT2 overexpression in serum is linked to local invasion and lymph node metastasis <snippet id=S_AmYsVOa,S_YHbihgJ>. Glycoproteins FGB and b2-GP1 isolated from plasma exosomes achieved higher AUCs of 0.871 and 0.834 than conventional markers like CEA and CA19-9 <snippet id=S_XwzmeRy>. Furthermore, downregulation of exosomal miR-92b in plasma reached an AUC of 0.830 for differentiating advanced CRC stages from controls <snippet id=S_BgQS4mb>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ywHowou">gRPC demonstrates superior performance compared to REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission</snippet> in microservices-based SDN controllers. <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">The IoHT-MBA platform evaluates gRPC for performance and energy consumption in a microservices architecture, noting lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">mRPC with full gRPC-style marshalling achieves performance comparable to gRPC, with 2.6× and 3.7× better goodput and goodput per core</snippet> due to reduced (un)marshalling steps. <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">mRPC speeds up gRPC by 1.7× and 1.6× in terms of mean latency and P99 tail latency</snippet>, with both protocols showing similar latency contributions from gRPC in DeathStarBench applications. <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">The study measures latency for 20 requests per second over 250 seconds, breaking it down into in-application and network processing times</snippet> using a testbed with Envoy proxy as a sidecar. <snippet id="S_XrGnjYs,S_DuAkisQ">gRPC is highlighted as the most comprehensive communication protocol for microservices, particularly effective for standardizing service communications across different technologies and programming languages using protocol buffers</snippet>.
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Several studies have evaluated performance impacts of microservices communication protocols. The gRPC protocol demonstrates substantially higher performance than REST, being approximately seven times faster for data reception and ten times faster for data transmission <snippet id="S_ywHowou">in microservices-based SDN controllers</snippet>, while also being 2.6× and 3.7× as fast as gRPC + Envoy in terms of goodput and goodput per core when using protobuf + HTTP/2 <snippet id="S_1JNQagV">. For latency, mRPC speeds up gRPC+Envoy by 2.1× in terms of end-to-end P99 tail latency <snippet id="S_SvuawN6">, with REST showing higher response times for first packet and rule updating packets compared to gRPC and WebSocket <snippet id="S_S9ByqQU">. Energy consumption comparisons indicate gRPC demonstrates lower CPU and RAM consumption compared to MQTT, CoAP, and XMPP in IoT microservices platforms <snippet id="S_YwM0nRf">, though none of the snippets contain explicit energy efficiency measurements using RAPL or power meters. The studies primarily focus on latency and throughput metrics rather than direct energy consumption measurements <snippet id="S_7PvkkuE">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transportation in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, using two-stage least squares (2SLS) to address endogeneity issues with the number of public buses as a core explanatory variable</snippet>, but it does not use historical population as an instrumental variable. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">Another study in China addresses endogeneity using instrumental variables including provincial population density in 1990 for urbanization and CO2 emissions</snippet>, but this instrument is for urbanization, not bus counts. <snippet id="S_afKjSFM">A study on female employment and fertility in China uses the presence of a bus stop as an IV</snippet>, but this is at the village/neighborhood level and does not address historical population as an instrument for bus numbers. <snippet id="S_A6z2bxW,S_CQnAcl7,S_04AZIBc">Other 2SLS studies in China use lagged variables as IVs (e.g., lagged urbanization, lagged MEPI)</snippet>, but none explicitly use historical population as an instrumental variable for the number of buses or bus fleet size at the provincial level. <answer>
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<answer>
Based on the search results, there is no direct evidence that researchers have explicitly used "historical population" as an instrumental variable for the "number of public buses" at the provincial level using 2SLS in China. <snippet id="S_aOtgB03">One study examines public transport development measured by the number of public buses in 30 provinces of China using 2SLS, but population density appears only as a control variable, not as an instrumental variable for bus numbers</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PYQsOyc">The closest related work uses provincial population density in 1990 as an instrumental variable, but this instrument targets urbanization rather than bus fleet size</snippet>. <snippet id="S_MIQYR8I">Other studies use historical infrastructure (e.g., number of post offices in 1984) as IVs in 2SLS frameworks, demonstrating the methodology exists but not for bus population applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_04AZIBc">Several studies use lagged population or urbanization variables as instruments, though none explicitly instrument bus counts with historical population at the provincial level</snippet>. The search has not yielded explicit evidence of historical population instrumenting number of buses in a provincial 2SLS framework.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT,S_id0PX4B,S_P4Rhuyo">The probability integral transform states that for any continuous random variable X with cumulative distribution function F, the transformed variable U = F(X) follows a standard uniform distribution on the interval [0,1]</snippet>, enabling one- and two-sided hypothesis tests from a single observation. <snippet id="S_njVYIe9">Under the null hypothesis that F0 is the true distribution, the transformed variable U = F0(X) converges to a uniform distribution on (0,1)</snippet>, which is the foundation for constructing p-values in goodness-of-fit tests. <snippet id="S_LJFSCQ2">When the CDF of the target distribution is tractable, the PIT values will be continuous and uniformly distributed if the observed distribution equals the known distribution</snippet>, allowing for systematic evaluation of goodness-of-fit for continuous distributions. <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The transform's values lie within the unit interval with variance constrained to [0, 1/4], where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>, providing a measure of calibration and dispersion for the transformed data. <snippet id="S_7WhjA6B">This transformation is useful for making the empirical marginal distribution of time series values approximately uniform, facilitating modeling and hypothesis testing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">The probability integral transform results in a standard uniform distribution on [0,1] if F is continuous and Y follows F</snippet> and <snippet id="S_id0PX4B">goodness-of-fit tests for continuous distributions are based on phi-divergence statistics evaluating this transformed uniform variable</snippet>. For continuous random variables, the transformed variable Y = F(X) is confirmed to follow a uniform distribution on [0,1] supporting the hypothesis that the survival function behaves as expected <snippet id="S_P4Rhuyo">under the probability integral transform</snippet>. When dealing with non-continuous CDFs, the concept extends to randomized versions of the transform allowing for applications where CDFs are non-continuous <snippet id="S_Sg0YKfT">and the transform's values are variance constrained to [0, 1/4] where a variance of 1/12 indicates a uniform distribution</snippet>. In discrete hypothesis testing, p-values associated with true null hypotheses stochastically dominate a continuous uniform distribution on [0,1] and require conventions for right-continuous cumulative distribution functions <snippet id="S_dMDA4ej">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge computing in SAGIN enhances content caching and file distribution, significantly reducing data traffic and improving user experience</snippet>, with remote sensing satellites leveraging extensive coverage to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Active mobile edge caching can achieve 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic</snippet>, alleviating load on backhaul links through multi-base station agent cooperative edge caching algorithms utilizing deep reinforcement learning to optimize caching decisions. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">A fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbitground collaboration enables vehicles in remote areas to offload tasks to nearby LEO satellites, which dynamically decide whether to cache data for future reuse</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">Two-tier data transmission models involving satellite-to-UAV and UAV-to-ground communications allow UAVs to pre-store popular content and serve multiple ground users simultaneously</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs equipped with cache storage can download and cache content while charging at docking stations, serving requests from the air with mobility allowing flexible deployment across various locations based on user demand</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JnG43nV">The EC-SAGIN framework formulates the offloading and caching problem as a multi-label classification task using pre-classification schemes and offline deep imitation learning algorithms to address the high computational demands of deep reinforcement learning for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">Mobile edge caching in SAGIN significantly reduces data traffic and improves user experience by leveraging remote sensing satellites to broadcast cached sensor data for global awareness</snippet>, with active mobile edge caching achieving 100% user satisfaction while offloading 98% of backhaul traffic <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC">. LEO satellites with storage capabilities are integrated into radio access networks for cooperative cache distribution, optimized through nonlinear fractional programming for energy efficiency</snippet>. <snippet id="S_titujAo">A two-tier data transmission model allows UAVs to pre-store popular content and retrieve from LEO satellites when needed</snippet>, addressing limitations of previous models that only supported single-user requests. <snippet id="S_o4BZhpx">For IoV applications, a fine-grained joint offloading and caching scheme based on orbit-ground collaboration enables real-time EC-SAGINs services in remote areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable</snippet>. <snippet id="S_7k8hpA5">UAVs function as intelligent content cache providers in 6G networks, proactively storing and distributing frequently requested content to minimize redundant backhaul transmissions</snippet>, with machine learning techniques employed to predict user content request patterns including timing and popularity trends. <snippet id="S_zj6C1aC, S_JnG43nV">Distributed content caching strategies utilize deep reinforcement learning and deep imitation learning algorithms to optimize caching decisions, though DRL presents high computational and energy demands for LEO satellites</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Cr3C2–NiCr coatings are widely used for wear, erosion, and corrosion protection in industrial applications, with the corrosion resistance provided by the NiCr matrix and wear resistance mainly due to the carbide ceramic phase</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings have been investigated for their microstructure, porosity, micro-hardness, and wear resistance at 500 °C, showing good performance with optimal properties at specific powder feed rates</snippet>. <snippet id="S_XDbgjf4">Load-dependent wear behavior and degradation mechanisms have been studied in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF techniques</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet coatings exhibit better erosion-corrosion resistance compared to conventional coatings due to their fine-grain structure and protective NiCr metallic binder</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HbidxMV">Erosion-corrosion protection has been demonstrated using Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings on stainless steel substrates</snippet>. However, the available snippets lack specific oilfield-relevant data on CO2/H2S brine performance or downhole tool applications.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">Thermal spraying technologies, including HVOF, are widely used to apply Cr3C2–NiCr and WC-based coatings for wear and corrosion protection in industrial applications</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu,S_FSPtLIL">In these systems, the NiCr metal matrix provides corrosion resistance while the carbide ceramic phase ensures wear resistance</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yzJqROu">The coatings maintain high hardness and strength up to a maximum operating temperature of 900 °C</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FSPtLIL">Nanocrystalline cermet variants exhibit significantly better erosion–corrosion resistance than conventional coatings due to faster repassivation kinetics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_eYIt1PI">Specific HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr coatings demonstrated low porosity, high micro-hardness, and optimal wear resistance at 500 °C</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_N9VOCKh,S_SMRC1r8,S_CbFCB0e,S_QJsPloF">LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink communications</snippet>, with OFDMA dividing the available spectrum into sub-carriers and allocating them to each user <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh">while SC-FDMA incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM</snippet> <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">, making it more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources</snippet>. Both techniques are integral to meeting the performance requirements of 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">, and OFDMA/SC-FDMA are the techniques of choice for the physical layer of the radio interface of LTE</snippet> <snippet id="S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio access network uses Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) with distinct RF carriers for each direction, where downlink utilizes OFDMA and uplink uses SC-FDMA</snippet> <snippet id="S_CbFCB0e">. Data transmission occurs in 10ms frames divided into ten 1ms subframes, with the smallest unit of data being a resource block spanning 12 subcarriers</snippet> <snippet id="S_J2hzkDn">. The radio resource's minimum allocation unit is referred to as a Resource Block (RB), with one RB containing 1 ms in the time domain and 180 KHz in the frequency domain</snippet>.
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<answer>
Survey sources confirm that LTE applies Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for downlink and uplink communications, respectively <snippet id="S_N9VOCKh, S_SMRC1r8, S_CbFCB0e">. For uplink transmission, LTE employs SC-FDMA which incorporates DFT pre-coding to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) associated with OFDM <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8">. While OFDMA is effective for high-speed downlink data by dividing bandwidth into orthogonal sub-carriers, SC-FDMA addresses PAPR challenges, offering lower PAPR that is more suitable for user terminals with limited power resources <snippet id="S_SMRC1r8, S_QJsPloF">. The LTE radio interface uses these techniques to meet performance requirements, with OFDM modulation for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink transmissions supporting 4G wireless communication <snippet id="S_fg0OhCM, S_SMRC1r8">.
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<snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Research has been conducted on enabling secure database as a service using fully homomorphic encryption, though it focuses on challenges and opportunities rather than specific implementations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A FHOPE scheme allows cloud servers to perform complex SQL queries with arithmetic and comparison operators over encrypted data without repeated encryption</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] discuss using homomorphic encryption for supporting general database queries conceptually, showing how addition, multiplication, AND and XOR on ciphertexts can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_oMwLrsm">Systems like CryptDB employ multilayered encryption to process SQL computations without compromising data privacy in cloud environments</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_FoUBUWR">order-preserving encryption supports SQL range queries but exposes private information, and FHE allows SQL queries over encrypted data in cloud databases but is impractical due to high computational overhead</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">Relational database systems based on homomorphic encryption schemes execute SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Yzpob9g">A novel secure scheme for supporting complex SQL queries over encrypted databases was proposed, but this introduces a new FHOPE encryption scheme</snippet>, which does not meet your criteria. <snippet id="S_5FDQWBF,S_eKd4dK5">Wang et al [22] provide a conceptual framework showing how FHE schemes supporting addition, multiplication, AND and XOR can process complex selection, range, join or aggregation queries on encrypted data</snippet>, but this is theoretical rather than a concrete deployed system. <snippet id="S_oqULw15,S_FoUBUWR">CryptDB is mentioned as a system that processes SQL computations, but it employs multilayered onion encryption combining multiple schemes rather than pure FHE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hNVJnkt,S_YK9KfW1">One paper presents a relational database system based on homomorphic encryption that executes SQL queries over encrypted data, though performance issues discourage practical implementation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ea7tN0g">Another relevant work discusses challenges and opportunities for secure database-as-a-service using FHE</snippet>, but provides no specific concrete deployment details. Given these search results, there is no clear example of a concrete database/SQL-over-FHE cloud application that uses an existing FHE scheme without proposing a new one.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_BgT3YJS">W/CoFeB/MgO structures exhibit high spin–orbit torque efficiency, with α-W phase showing ≈3.5 times larger spin Hall conductivity (|σSHα‐W|=3.71×105 Ω−1 m−1) compared to amorphous W</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_lTs2Zzp">the spin Hall angle in W is 0.21 ± 0.01, with large spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) of about 1% in W/CoFeB/MgO samples</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TzxwlH0">Current-induced magnetic switching in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures achieves sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range with critical switching current density ranging from ±7.20 MA/cm² to ±2.80 MA/cm²</snippet>. <snippet id="S_6TGIQVx">The W/CoFeB/MgO multilayer structure enables transmission of spin currents to apply strong spin torque on CoFeB, with antidamping-like and field-like components of comparable magnitudes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Xon5UIH">W–Ta and W–V alloy layers between β-W and CoFeB can boost torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40% compared to pristine β-W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pqGG8fi">Voltage-controlled spin–orbit torque switching has been demonstrated in W/CoFeB/MgO devices</snippet>.
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<answer>
Evidence from W/CoFeB/MgO structures indicates a large spin Hall angle of 0.21 ± 0.01 and spin-orbit torque efficiency of approximately 0.20–0.50 <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp,S_BgT3YJS>. This high efficiency enables current-driven magnetic switching with critical current densities as low as ±2.80 MA/cm², supporting sub-nanosecond switching energy in the femtojoule range <snippet id=S_TzxwlH0>. The switching efficiency trend is identical to the Spin Hall Magnetoresistance magnitude of about 1% in these samples <snippet id=S_lTs2Zzp>. Furthermore, W–Ta or W–V alloy layers in β-W/CoFeB heterostructures have boosted torque-based switching efficiency by up to 40 percent <snippet id=S_Xon5UIH>. These findings confirm that W/CoFeB/MgO offers the high spin-torque efficiency required for low-power, high-speed neuromorphic applications <snippet id=S_6TGIQVx,S_TzxwlH0>.
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<snippet id="S_RrHcunQ,S_R8cplWP">Classic antidepressants such as SSRIs and MAOIs have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties that mediate their antidepressant effects</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">ketamine, an anesthetic with antidepressant properties, was also shown to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents</snippet>. <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4,S_R8cplWP">Exercise serves as a strong modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, with both forced and voluntary exercise increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">enriched environments (EE) significantly enhance neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with studies showing a fivefold increase in neurogenesis in adult mice exposed to EE</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WDAActN">The microbiota-gut-brain axis can modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system, with the gut microbiota being highly accessible to direct interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">Metabolic interventions including PPARα agonists like fenofibrate can alleviate stress-induced depression-like behaviors and enhance BDNF/CREB signaling</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_dFyF1WC">AMPK activation enhances dendritic branching in hippocampal neurons, countering the negative effects of stress on dendritic complexity</snippet>. <snippet id="S_BdibMrv">Alternative treatments such as sleep deprivation and low-dose ketamine have also been explored, with research indicating that enhancing AHN can alleviate depressive symptoms</snippet>.
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<answer>
Pharmacologic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and ketamine have been shown to possess pro-neurogenic properties and increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents <snippet id="S_RrHcunQ">. Other compounds including the natural carotenoid crocin, vinpocetine, and the PPARα agonist fenofibrate also demonstrate the ability to promote neurogenesis through specific signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin or AMPK activation <snippet id="S_BdibMrv", "S_BGYAtdc", "S_dFyF1WC">. Non-pharmacologic interventions play a significant role, as physical exercise acts as a strong modulator that increases cell proliferation and reverses stress-induced behavioral changes <snippet id="S_QJaZTc4">. Environmental enrichment has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance neurogenesis, with studies reporting up to a fivefold increase in adult mice <snippet id="S_7ytHv3s">. Furthermore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers non-invasive therapeutic targets where prebiotics, probiotics, and diet can manipulate hippocampal neurogenesis via immune and endocrine signaling <snippet id="S_WDAActN">. Overall, multiple exogenous factors including diet, stress, and antidepressant treatment influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis alongside endogenous factors like growth factors <snippet id="S_R8cplWP">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_pgimEba">Microsoft Word uses the file mml2omml.xsl as an XSLT stylesheet to convert MathML to OMML, which is used in the background when importing MathML equations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_iBtRRBw">The OMML2MML.XSL stylesheet is included with Microsoft Word and can be applied to transform OMML to MathML</snippet>, <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">which is a port of the omml2mathml.xsl XSLT that Microsoft ships with Office</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IXERiTx">MS Office contains the file omml2mml.xsl, and there are discussions about its redistribution and licensing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">Microsoft provides documentation on OfficeMath that lists OMML elements and their MathML counterparts</snippet>. However, the current search results do not contain specific documentation on docx4j, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words support for MathML to OMML conversion.
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<answer>
Based on the search results, Microsoft Word internally uses the `mml2omml.xsl` stylesheet for MathML to OMML conversion, though official standalone documentation is limited <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. The companion stylesheet `omml2mml.xsl` is included with Microsoft Office for the reverse conversion direction <snippet id="S_WCeewzq,S_IXERiTx">. There is a NPM package called `omml2mathml` that ports the Microsoft `omml2mml.xsl` stylesheet for converting OMML to MathML <snippet id="S_n4jxMgT">. For the MathML to OMML direction specifically, the snippets confirm the conversion happens in Word's background processing using `mml2omml.xsl` <snippet id="S_pgimEba">. Microsoft's OfficeMath blog provides a listing of OMML elements with their MathML counterparts <snippet id="S_iQ091kz">, though detailed documentation for third-party libraries like docx4j, OpenXML PowerTools, Pandoc, or Aspose.Words on MathML→OMML conversion was not found in these results.

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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lONVbK5">Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding</snippet>, with Bierbaum et al. (2005) noting that children with intellectual disabilities often misbehave during challenging tasks, suggesting teachers should emphasize their similarities to peers and support engagement. <snippet id="S_hXG5j2q">Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) investigated the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention on three elementary students with learning disabilities who had difficulty solving subtraction problems</snippet>, using a multiple baseline-across-students design with traditional didactic instruction compared to a second baseline phase with incentive points for correct responses. <snippet id="S_WqwHiCI">Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) investigated the impact of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the addition and subtraction performance of nine elementary students with learning disabilities</snippet>, with the experimental group receiving training in a 10-step self-instructional procedure resulting in significant improvements in problem accuracy. <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">Individual self-monitoring checklists were created based on students' error patterns, containing reminder statements for each step of the problem-solving process</snippet>, leading to immediate improvements in accuracy that were maintained in follow-up assessments. However, the available search results do not contain explicit outcome wording directly linking self-monitoring interventions to self-understanding constructs, though they demonstrate effectiveness of self-monitoring strategies for improving academic performance in children with intellectual disabilities.
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<answer>
Research on teaching children with intellectual disabilities highlights various strategies for enhancing self-monitoring and self-understanding <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">. Specific studies such as Dunlap and Dunlap (1989) and Wood, Rosenberg, and Carran (1993) utilized self-monitoring interventions like checklists and tape-recorded cues to improve mathematical performance <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. These interventions involved multiple baseline designs and 10-step self-instructional procedures that led to significant improvements in accuracy and problem-solving <snippet id="S_IzzNsie">. Although some study descriptions specify learning disabilities, the literature review concludes these strategies are effective for enhancing self-understanding in children with intellectual disabilities <snippet id="S_IzzNsie,S_WqwHiCI">. Additionally, Coughlin et al. (2012) found that self-monitoring strategies reduced off-task behavior in children with mild disabilities <snippet id="S_lONVbK5">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_IkYr1CP,S_MMGoou2">FDA's 2020 enforcement guidance specifically targeted flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, with a final rule banning most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">The FDA clarified that its enforcement priorities are not a blanket "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS, but rather a prioritized enforcement approach</snippet>. <snippet id="S_4t8Ohcl">On February 6, 2020, the FDA restricted the sale of all unauthorized flavored cartridge-based electronic cigarettes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The enforcement priorities included exemptions for menthol and disposable products, which left thousands of flavored e-cigarettes unaddressed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">The FDA has since cracked down on non-tobacco-flavored ENDS products, particularly those marketed to youth</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_w5FtdDI,S_4t8Ohcl">In January 2020, FDA finalized enforcement priorities targeting flavored, cartridge-based ENDS products, except for tobacco- or menthol-flavored products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yEAxweY">Importantly, the FDA's enforcement priorities are not a "ban" on flavored or cartridge-based ENDS</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bm6WH07">The exemption for menthol and disposable products from prioritized enforcement left thousands of flavored e-liquid products still available</snippet>. <snippet id="S_IkYr1CP">FDA guidance banned most flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes, except for tobacco and menthol varieties</snippet>. <snippet id="S_oPwdZPc">Flavored products without marketing authorization remain illegal to sell and subject to enforcement action</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_AyOIA3X">A hybrid multi-criteria decision making approach evaluates the long-term care system using economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment dimensions to enhance quality, access, and cost-effectiveness from 2020 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_FxZUHkl">Strategic analysis of elderly care services incorporates the triple bottom line framework of quality, access, cost, and environment, with government strategies significantly influencing service quality outcomes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8XJoond">Economic conditions in rural areas impact elderly access to long-term care services, highlighting sustainability challenges related to market failures and fiscal imbalances while emphasizing affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability</snippet>. <snippet id="S_9PDixuh">Denmark's home- and community-based long-term care model shows expenditures leveling off after 12 years, with access to and quality of services remaining generally satisfactory compared to U.S. trends</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Ytpi9uV">China implemented community home-based elderly care services with a 5 billion yuan investment from 2016 to 2020, focusing on reducing costs and supporting aging-in-place through pilot reforms</snippet>. However, explicit theoretical models mapping antecedents to sustainability outcomes with mediators and moderators remain limited in these search results.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Research from 2020 to 2025 explicitly employs a triple bottom line framework to assess long-term care sustainability, defining outcomes through quality, access, cost, and environment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_AyOIA3X>This multi-dimensional evaluation approach aligns with frameworks analyzing economy, policy, organizational setting, and community environment to enhance quality and cost-effectiveness</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8XJoond>Sustainable development considerations prioritize factors such as affordability, availability, geographic accessibility, and acceptability to manage costs and environmental impacts while improving service quality</snippet>. <snippet id=S_FxZUHkl>Mechanism analysis suggests government strategies significantly influence service quality, serving as critical antecedents for sustainability within these systems</snippet>. <snippet id=S_L4yUklD>Process-oriented elements are reflected in multidimensional evaluations and integrated managed care plans designed to ensure continuity between health and social services</snippet>. <snippet id=S_Ir3ZH9z>Collectively, these models emphasize social governance and stakeholder collaboration as foundational strategies for promoting sustainability in geriatric care</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Q8i28GO,S_o7Xj46N">The search results provide general mooring and dynamic response guidance for offshore floating structures, including optimization methods for reducing platform responses and minimizing fatigue risk</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ,S_HcBohzv,S_CoNxRSP,S_hTDcmSA">do not contain specific IEA PVPS Task 16 or DNV-RP-0584 references regarding navigation, vessel interaction, or marking aids for FPV installations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3,S_8tiGRfz">While these snippets detail mooring system specifications for floating offshore wind turbines (catenary cables, anchor types, and installation methods), they do not address FPV-specific guidance on cable protection, burial depths, or exclusion zones</snippet>. <snippet id="S_dgSijhh">The available literature focuses on hydrodynamic loads and mooring line behavior rather than navigation safety standards or IALA marking guidelines for offshore energy structures</snippet>. Consequently, the search did not yield the specific FPV design standards the agent was seeking for navigation and cable protection considerations.
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<answer>
The search results describe the technical design and mooring systems of floating photovoltaic (FPV) structures, utilizing mooring lines and anchors to secure platforms against environmental forces <snippet id="S_HcBohzv, S_CoNxRSP">. Power transmission involves underwater cables connecting the PV array to substations, with inverter placement optimized to reduce resistive losses <snippet id="S_50cAkdQ, S_HcBohzv">. Offshore installation studies evaluate risks and load limits in marine settings, covering components like floaters and mooring system layouts <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N">. Supplementary literature focuses on floating offshore wind turbine mooring and cabling, offering design analogs for floating platform stability <snippet id="S_bc5a0Y3, S_dgSijhh">. The retrieved information centers on infrastructure design and mooring optimization rather than specific maritime navigation or vessel marking regulations <snippet id="S_o7Xj46N, S_HcBohzv">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_lxdfOap,S_S5627jY">The ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification in 2018 to address misclassification issues in employment statuses, updating the previous ICSE-93 framework that categorized jobs into paid employment and self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PnJtPJ7">ICSE-18 defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>, while distinguishing employers, own-account workers, and contributing family workers. <snippet id="S_NLMME1P,S_ZXK2mwq">The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>, with vulnerable employment encompassing the last four categories characterized by lack of formal contracts and low remuneration. <snippet id="S_S5627jY">The framework also introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ZXK2mwq">These statuses are classified based on professional training (ISCO 1-4) and social protection provisions, allowing for transitions between statuses over time</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_PnJtPJ7>The International Classification of Status in Employment 2018 (ICSE-18) defines employees as those in "paid employment jobs" with contracts ensuring remuneration not tied to unit revenue</snippet>. <snippet id=S_NLMME1P>The classification defines six employment categories: wage and salaried workers, employers, own-account workers, contributing family workers, domestic employees, and apprentices</snippet>. <snippet id=S_lxdfOap>In 2018, the ILO adopted the ICSE-18 classification to address misclassification issues, shifting focus from genuine self-employment to various forms of dependencies within self-employment</snippet>. <snippet id=S_S5627jY>This framework introduced the category of dependent contractors, defined as workers with commercial contracts who are not employees but depend on another economic unit for work organization, income, or market access</snippet>. <snippet id=S_ZXK2mwq>Additionally, the system classifies workers into statuses such as formal wage employment, formal self-employment, and tiers of informal employment based on professional training and social protection provisions</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">A survey at Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University assessed 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic backgrounds) who identified English as their first foreign language</snippet>, with 45% studying Russian to understand the culture and varying proficiency levels in both languages. However, <snippet id="S_qqMJgP6,S_nyESjPs,S_zFkS0OO">the available search results do not contain explicit documentation of English as lingua franca/EMI usage in Russian universities with direct links to social integration metrics</snippet>. While EMI is discussed as a trend in non-Anglophone contexts <snippet id="S_nyESjPs,S_zFkS0OO">, none of the snippets provide Russia-specific evidence linking EMI/ELF language practices to social integration, friendship networks, or belonging outcomes</snippet>. The search results mention Russian as a medium of instruction for certain programs <snippet id="S_oNcryjF">, but this refers to Chinese universities' bilingual/EMI policies, not Russian university EMI practices</snippet>. Therefore, <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">the current search did not yield the specific Russia-based EMI/ELF study documentation needed to address the integration metrics question</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Russia-specific evidence includes a Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University survey of 32 international graduate students (primarily Chinese and Arabic) where all identified English as their first foreign language, with most having been learning Russian for over three years but demonstrating low communicative competence in both languages <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J">. Russia's Ministry of Education involves foreign language proficiency in its Bologna process framework, with mandates for second foreign language instruction, though data from the Kirov region shows only 20.86% of schools offer two or more foreign languages <snippet id="S_HIjqi4N">. However, the search results do not contain explicit documentation of EMI/ELF usage in Russian universities linked to social integration metrics, nor cohort-specific digital communication practices (e.g., WeChat/Telegram) or direct language choice/integration correlations <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">. Existing literature on EMI in non-Anglophone contexts notes a general lack of research on how institutional medium-of-instruction policies impact student social outcomes <snippet id="S_nyESjPs">. Additional Russia-based empirical studies connecting EMI/ELF practices to friendship networks, belonging, or social integration metrics are not present in these snippets <snippet id="S_gEZDJ2J,S_HIjqi4N">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is confirmed as a direct-to-video techno-thriller set in Istanbul about a systems analyst framed via identity theft</snippet>, <snippet id="20176,28554">distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>, and <snippet id="95020">was reviewed by DVD Talk, a well-known online home media publication</snippet>. However, <snippet id="95020,28554">the composer is not identified in the available search results</snippet>, so I cannot confirm the British composer detail from these sources alone. The plot matches the agent's criteria perfectly, with a tech professional (Hope Cassidy) relocating to Istanbul and getting caught in crime through identity theft <snippet id="95020,20176">. Additional research would be needed to identify the composer and confirm his nationality</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The Net 2.0 (2006) is a direct-to-video sequel set in Istanbul, Turkey, a transcontinental nation where it follows systems analyst Hope Cassidy who is framed via identity theft</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">The film was distributed on DVD by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment</snippet>. <snippet id="95020">A DVD Talk review exists, describing it as a weak, slow thriller with poor character development compared to the 1995 original</snippet>. <snippet id="20176,28554">Plot details confirm a computer expert protagonist loses identity and bank accounts, attempting to clear her name</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,28554">However, neither the DVD Talk review nor IGN writeup identifies the composer or confirms their nationality as British</snippet>. <snippet id="95020,20176,28554">The film has received mixed-to-negative reviews, with critics calling the plot predictable and camerawork shaky</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_0Hoj5Qf,S_PL4DVGG">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF download from the Internet Archive and covers Amiga technical reference materials</snippet>, <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">including register summaries organized by alphabetical and address order for coprocessor and playfield hardware</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RaUa9ux">The AGA (Amiga Graphics Adapter) documentation specifies maximum 704×510 resolution and 12-bit color support</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">the Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual v1.3 provides system software material covering Exec, Libraries, and Devices</snippet>. These sources together define the hardware register maps, AGA chipset specifications, and OS library interfaces needed for 68030 assembly programming on the A1200.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_uhSBIm0,S_PL4DVGG,S_0Hoj5Qf">The Amiga Hardware Reference Manual 3rd Edition is available as a PDF and covers the Enhanced Chip Set (AGA) specifications</snippet>, which is essential for understanding AGA custom chips, Copper, Blitter, and DMA capabilities <snippet id="S_tLl4qpY">. Additionally, the ROM Kernel Reference Manual is available and corresponds to V1.3 system software, providing the Exec, Libraries, and OS API documentation</snippet> <snippet id="S_SqQQ0P3">. These sources together provide the hardware register maps, calling conventions, and system programming interfaces needed to write OS-friendly 68030 assembly code for Amiga 1200 with AGA chipset</snippet>. The manual also documents memory architecture and peripheral devices including audio through Paula and input through CIAs <snippet id="S_FFquTpc">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_M4OmJlb">Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing, addressing the performance bottleneck in von Neumann systems by utilizing two-terminal memory devices that enable high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_8TgbQXv">Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. <snippet id="S_yF3B4Ib">While conventional neuromorphic computing relies on solid-state memristive devices, aqueous chemimemristors based on proton-permeable graphene membranes and nanofluidic devices showing memristive behavior are being developed for bioinspired computing</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fZKPKhH">Biomembrane-based memcapacitive reservoir computing systems are being explored for energy-efficient temporal data processing, though scalability compared to CMOS-based systems remains a challenge</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NXP43zO">Current neuromorphic architectures like TrueNorth demonstrate modularity and parallelism but are still evolving toward integrating larger numbers of chips with billions of neurons and synapses</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>Janus nanopore neuromorphic synapses are emerging as a solution for reservoir computing from 2023 to 2025</snippet>, addressing performance bottlenecks by utilizing two-terminal memory devices for high-density, energy-efficient synapse implementations <snippet id=S_M4OmJlb>crucial for applications requiring massive parallelism and error tolerance</snippet>. <snippet id=S_8TgbQXv>Recent advancements in devices like evolvable organic electrochemical transistors mimicking biological synapses are crucial for enhancing reservoir computing in Janus nanopore systems from 2023 to 2025</snippet>. However, specific performance metrics (energy/event, speed, endurance) and detailed modified nanopore strategies (Janus/asymmetric pores, functionalized surfaces, 2D-material nanopores) are not elaborated in available search results <snippet id=S_yF3B4Ib>nanofluidic devices have been reported in which solvated ion transport exhibits memristive behavior</snippet>, though this general description lacks Janus-specific details <snippet id=S_fZKPKhH>iontronic, biocompatible tools such as memcapacitors show potential for energy-efficient temporal data processing in reservoir computing</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and became a worldwide hit</snippet>. <snippet id="27111,18506">It won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, as well as Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter"</snippet>. <snippet id="18506">Raising Sand is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums with Plant</snippet>. <snippet id="93249">Their later collaboration, Raise the Roof (2021), was the duo's second album together and also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="27111,18506">Raising Sand is the first collaborative studio album by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, produced by T Bone Burnett and released in October 2007 on Rounder</snippet>, and <snippet id="18506">it is one of Krauss's three collaboration albums</snippet>. The album debuted at No.2 on the Billboard 200, was certified Platinum in the U.S., and won the <snippet id="27111,18506">2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year</snippet>. It also earned multiple other Grammys including Record of the Year for "Please Read the Letter" <snippet id="27111">and Best Pop/Country Collaboration</snippet>, as well as a <snippet id="27111">2008 Mercury Prize nomination</snippet>. Later, the duo released a second collaboration album called "Raise the Roof" in 2021 <snippet id="93249">, also produced by T Bone Burnett</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">A double-blind, counterbalanced trial using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests found no significant differences in average or fastest sprint times between carbohydrate mouth rinse and placebo conditions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">Dorling and Earnest found no significant effect using a 6.4% maltodextrin solution during a non-self-paced LIST protocol</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">Rollo and colleagues utilized a self-paced LIST protocol with a 10% maltodextrin solution associated with increased self-selected jogging speed and an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_hFRFf5P">Another study familiarized participants with the LIST and RSA tests but did not report specific performance outcomes in the available snippet</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Most studies indicate that carbohydrate ingestion enhances intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, though results regarding its effects on sprinting and other skills are mixed</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DqWoyEo">The Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test is designed to simulate team sport activity patterns incorporating acceleration, deceleration, and variable-speed running</snippet>. Overall, evidence on carbohydrate mouth rinse specifically for HIIT-like formats is mixed and may depend on protocol specifics such as pacing (self-paced vs fixed), glycogen state, and individual differences.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ju8QCeq">In a study using the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, carbohydrate mouth rinsing (6.4% Maltodextrin) showed no significant difference in average or fastest sprint times compared to placebo</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KYkLCMQ">However, Rollo and colleagues employed a self-paced LIST protocol with 10% maltodextrin and found increased self-selected jogging speed plus an 86% likelihood of benefiting 15 m sprint performance during the final stages (75-90 min) of exercise</snippet>. <snippet id="S_kKV6iAs">This difference may be because the self-selected pacing protocol provides a more sensitive measure to detect potential benefits of carbohydrate mouth rinsing compared to the non-self-paced version</snippet>. <snippet id="S_R70LZbT">Reviews of carbohydrate supplementation in intermittent sports indicate that results regarding sprinting effects are mixed, with the most significant benefits shown in conditions of fatigue or low blood sugar</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HHafi2O">The evidence for carbohydrate mouth rinsing in intermittent sports is limited with existing research showing inconsistencies due to methodological differences</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>There is a "Captain Delauney" role in the West End hit "Erminie" from 1885</snippet>, but this appears to be a theatrical production rather than a musical. <snippet id=391d2d98-2>Another reference to Delaunay mentions Pascal Delaunay in connection with Captain Hollywood Project</snippet>, which is a 1990s Eurodance music project, not a musical role. <snippet id=391d2d98-1>The name Delaunay also appears in relation to The Sound of Music</snippet>, but this refers to a different production entirely. <snippet id=391d2d98-5>Captain Hollywood Project is described as a musical project from Nuremberg, Germany</snippet>, but it does not feature a role called "Captain Delauney." The search results do not provide clear evidence of a role named "Captain Delauney" originating as an actress role in London within a musical.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id=391d2d98-3>Kate Everleigh was a celebrated 19th-century English performer who played Captain Delaunay in the West End hit Erminie in 1885</snippet>. Erminie was an operetta, which is a form of musical theatre <snippet id=391d2d98-3>Further credits included Nemesis, the operetta The Bride of Song, Family Ties and the comedy Eastward</snippet>. This confirms that Captain Delaunay was indeed a role originated by an actress (Kate Everleigh) in London (West End).
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The target article "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" was identified in the search results</snippet>, though <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG,S_CSlM2L8">the available snippets provide only bibliographic titles without substantive text detailing specific reporting domains</snippet>. <snippet id="S_x0VNW1o,S_1xU5DFw">Related reviews discuss clinical approval challenges, safety profiles, and the need for further characterization of targeting moieties</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_l2OQQbn,S_5E8IDXV">specific evaluation criteria such as quantitative capabilities, TBR standards, and device performance metrics are not detailed in these search snippets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_DZWtjXE">Translational validation guidance for optical imaging devices is available through the Network for Translational Research</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_HFIp1yO">current reviews emphasize the shift towards targeted molecular agents with specific cellular marker responses</snippet>. Unfortunately, <snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">no paragraph-level content from the recommendations paper was retrieved, so specific reporting domains cannot be extracted to ground clinical discussion questions</snippet>.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_Jgj08Rj">The retrieved snippet for "Recommendations for reporting on emerging optical imaging agents to promote clinical approval" contains only the title without substantive text</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Other relevant results indicate that clinical adoption of fluorescent probes is hindered by regulatory challenges and the need for further safety assessments</snippet>. <snippet id="S_CSlM2L8">Historical FDA approval milestones reveal that agents like indocyanine green (1959) and fluorescein (1972) were initially vascular flow agents before expanding to surgery</snippet>. <snippet id="S_PCgmFnG">Regulatory pathway reviews emphasize that strategic decisions based on existing optical fluorescent agents facilitate future device clearances and new drug approvals</snippet>. <snippet id="S_1xU5DFw">Essential characteristics for clinical utility include specific binding to disease biomarkers, high signal-to-background ratios, and rapid clearance from non-target tissues</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" was identified in the search results</snippet>, but <snippet id="S_VjnoTeX,S_onh5WOE,S_nKW5KXm,S_HRINe1D,S_u8Vhij6,S_m5a9xl5,S_CoFf8GZ,S_ausD8QJ">none of the provided search snippets contain substantive content from this specific paper's abstract, methods, results, or discussion sections</snippet>. The available snippets are from other IAM-related papers that discuss topics such as SDG trade-offs <snippet id="S_onh5WOE">, urban integrated assessment</snippet> <snippet id="S_HRINe1D">, energy-economic system transformation</snippet> <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">, and agricultural system environmental health</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">, but none address the "possibility space" concept or the paper's specific findings</snippet>. <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">A more targeted search with the full paper title or keywords like "IAM possibility space capabilities gaps" is needed to retrieve the actual content</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
The search results do not contain substantive content from the target paper "Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models" <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">The search results only show the paper title without abstract, methods, results, or discussion content</snippet>. The available snippets discuss IAMs in general terms from other papers but do not provide evidence about what "possibility space" means in the target paper's framing <snippet id="S_u8Vhij6">IAMs are mostly used for sustainable transformation and development pathway analysis and exploring climate policy and technology options</snippet> <snippet id="S_CoFf8GZ">they face challenges such as high uncertainty and dependency on the quality of underlying assumptions, highlighting both their capabilities and gaps</snippet>. No empirical intercomparison or mapping results from the target paper are present in the retrieved snippets <snippet id="S_zF8Pr28">Only title information is available from the target paper</snippet>. To properly answer the agent's query, additional searches must retrieve the actual paper text with abstract, methods, results, or discussion paragraphs.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_NIP4aKy,S_M9NC8Eo,S_L5NhumS">The search results include qualitative research on adolescent recreational reading motivations and practices, with studies emphasizing the importance of understanding adolescent voices, providing dedicated reading time, and implementing initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Key strategies identified include promoting choice, collaboration, and competence in classroom settings, with teachers' behaviors playing a significant role in influencing students' motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_xbJmN70,S_WIheApX">Merga (2019a, 2019b, 2019c) is referenced in the search results discussing school librarians' literacy supportive roles and reading engagement, though specific empirical findings from Merga's work in JAL are not detailed in these snippets</snippet>. <snippet id="S_HOSScoU">The article on school librarians in the UK emphasizes their importance in fostering reading engagement and supporting literacy development across primary and secondary education</snippet>. <snippet id="S_SRm3hRO">Disciplinary literacy research shows educators are increasingly concerned about adolescent literacy under-performance with shifts toward more rigorous engagement with complex texts</snippet>. However, these snippets do not contain specific Merga-reviewed empirical studies from 2015-2025 with detailed classroom practice recommendations.
</answer>

<snippet id="S_WIheApX,S_HOSScoU">School librarians are identified as key figures in fostering reading engagement and literacy attainment in secondary education, a finding supported by research citing Merga (2019a, 2019b)</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_xbJmN70">pleasure in reading is a strong predictor of reading frequency which leads to growth in literacy skills</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Schools should provide dedicated time for reading and implement initiatives like summer reading programs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_NIP4aKy">Unlike primary schools, high schools often do not actively encourage book reading</snippet>. <snippet id="S_L5NhumS">Effective practices involve creating supportive contexts that foster collaboration, competence, and positive teacher behaviors, and reading interventions integrating motivational principles alongside cognitive skills show positive effects</snippet>.


<answer>
<snippet id="S_0NbePdE,S_RLXmKuG">The EU AI Act mandates that high-risk AI systems must provide sufficient transparency mechanisms, with Article 13 requiring user instructions that are accessible and understandable, detailing the systems' characteristics, capabilities, and limitations</snippet>. <snippet id="S_RLXmKuG,S_UuXjGBn">Article 13(1) mandates that high-risk AI systems must be "sufficiently" transparent, allowing for differentiation based on the system's transparency levels, while Article 11(2) allows for a unified technical documentation file combining AI system details with existing EU MDR/IVDR documentation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK,S_WG0otDu">Article 14(3) mandates that AI providers implement measures to enable effective human oversight of high-risk AI systems, with Article 14(4) outlining specific requirements for oversight personnel including the ability to understand capabilities and limitations, detect anomalies, and correctly interpret outputs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3iocoPc">Article 4(2)(b) details that if an AI system is considered as high-risk, opaque, and complex, explainability is mandated from an EU court through disclosure of proportional evidence such as logs, documentation, and datasets, rather than within the system itself</snippet>. <snippet id="S_E4eihUQ,S_xQp268d">General-purpose AI systems face GPAI-specific transparency obligations under Articles 5a-5c, including functions like image recognition and translation, while open-source providers may face additional procedures if classified as GPAI models of systemic risk</snippet>. <snippet id="S_vzKoGDA">The AI Act contains disclosure obligations under Article 11 and Annex IV that apply primarily to high-risk systems, though there are discussions about extending transparency duties to LGAIMs regardless of their categorization</snippet>.
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<answer>
The EU AI Act mandates high-risk AI systems to provide sufficient transparency mechanisms under Article 13, including user instructions detailing characteristics, capabilities, and limitations to ensure adequate user information <snippet id="S_0NbePdE, S_RLXmKuG">. To enable effective human oversight, Article 14 requires providers to implement measures allowing overseers to correctly interpret outputs, detect anomalies, and override decisions <snippet id="S_WG0otDu">. Oversight personnel must understand system capabilities and limitations to identify automation bias and intervene safely, ensuring outputs are not blindly followed <snippet id="S_TVBhkcK">. Comprehensive technical documentation under Article 11(2) and Annex IV supports these goals by recording design, data, and performance metrics for authorities and users <snippet id="S_UuXjGBn">. Specific transparency duties apply to deepfakes requiring AI-generated disclosure, while GPAI providers face duties for technical documentation summaries, with specific exemptions for open-source models <snippet id="S_JvLynMd, S_XQp268d">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_tyjIFLb,S_soikqKO">Strava incorporates social features such as status updates, comments, photos, challenges, leaderboards, and segment comparisons to enhance user engagement and motivation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1,S_ohmbRBN">Social comparison serves as a key psychological driver through which Strava users connect, share experiences, and participate in competitive challenges, with the app categorized as a persuasive technology designed to motivate users</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">Research on Strava users revealed selective data sharing behaviors, with cyclists often withholding metrics like heart rate and wattage while opting for basic information such as segment times and elevation</snippet>. <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">This behavior reflects a desire for self-validation and an awareness of how others perceive their data, demonstrating the tension between social visibility and privacy control</snippet>. <snippet id="S_5nbN41y">However, the available research relies on cross-sectional samples and longitudinal tracking of app usage behaviors remains limited, particularly for understanding how users interact with fitness apps over time</snippet>.
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<answer>
Strava employs social features such as challenges, leaderboards, and digital badges as core gamification techniques to encourage repeated use and foster a sense of community among its 36 million active users <snippet id="S_tyjIFLb">. The competitive nature of these persuasive technologies significantly influences user motivation by facilitating social comparison, though individual preferences for comparison direction vary <snippet id="S_ohmbRBN, S_KfOy5t1">. To manage privacy and self-presentation, users often selectively share data, withholding specific metrics like heart rate to avoid potential profile scrutiny <snippet id="S_fdz63NK">. Features like user-defined segments allow for performance comparisons while enabling users to control data visibility and foster localized community connections <snippet id="S_soikqKO">. Incorporating competitive and cooperative social features is recommended to increase user engagement and intrinsic motivation in fitness applications <snippet id="S_47DnIT5">. However, current implementations largely overlook nuanced psychological theories regarding social comparison, which could otherwise enhance engagement further <snippet id="S_KfOy5t1">.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The White House fact sheet announces a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, and a 10% additional tariff on imports from China</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">Energy resources from Canada will have a lower 10% tariff rate</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">These tariffs are implemented as part of addressing an emergency situation related to illegal aliens and drugs, including fentanyl</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The fact sheet references a Presidential Memorandum from November where Trump promised to charge Mexico and Canada 25% Tariff on ALL products</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The announcement cites that trade accounts for 67% of Canada's GDP, 73% of Mexico's GDP, and 37% of China's GDP</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The U.S. trade deficit in goods was the world's largest at over $1 trillion in 2023</snippet>. The fact sheet does not provide specific dates for the tariff implementation, trade value numbers, or detailed economic impact estimates.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The White House fact sheet specifies a 25% additional tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico, with energy resources from Canada receiving a lower 10% tariff, while China faces a 10% additional tariff</snippet>. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The fact sheet notes that in 2023 the U.S. trade deficit in goods was the world's largest at over $1 trillion</snippet>, and that trade accounts for 67% of Canada's GDP, 73% of Mexico's GDP, and 37% of China's GDP. However, <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">this fact sheet does not include specific dollar trade values covered by the tariffs, any retaliation measures from Canada, China, or the EU, or quantitative economic impact estimates (consumer cost, inflation, GDP)</snippet>. The tariff announcement is dated February 2025 and cites the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as the legal basis. <snippet id="S_ixOFgje">The tariffs remain in effect "until such time as Drugs, in particular Fentanyl, and all Illegal Aliens stop this Invasion of our Country"</snippet> as per the presidential directive.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_7QgSGSe">The page discusses the interpretation of metaphors, particularly focusing on the slogans from George Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four": "War is Peace," "Freedom is Slavery," and "Ignorance is Strength," highlighting the concept of 'discursive drift' which refers to the shifts in meaning and stance associated with metaphors over time</snippet>. However, the available search results do not contain specific scholarly analysis of how these slogans instantiate doublethink or ideology in the way the agent requires. <snippet id="S_lgOMCo4">The text addresses lexical creativity, citing Margaret Atwood's exploration of freedom and unfreedom, while noting that "doubleplus unfree," derived from Orwell's Newspeak in Nineteen Eighty-Four, exemplifies the intensifying use of language</snippet>. The snippets mention the slogans exist and reference discursive drift, but do not provide the detailed CDA framework analysis (Fairclough/van Dijk/Foucault) applied to Orwell's work that would be needed for the agent's research. <snippet id="S_iDUQY7x">Slogans are defined as brief and striking phrases that may include labeling and stereotyping, tending to act as emotional appeals</snippet>, and <snippet id="S_15dkzZt">slogans can function as thought-terminating clichés that discourage critical thought and meaningful discussion</snippet>, but these general definitions do not address the specific Orwell slogans or doublethink mechanisms. The search results are insufficient for the agent's goal and would require more targeted scholarly sources on Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four slogans and doublethink.
</answer>

<answer>
<snippet id="S_7QgSGSe">The slogans from Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four—"War is Peace," "Freedom is Slavery," and "Ignorance is Strength"—are analyzed as metaphors that undergo discursive drift, where meaning and stance shift over time</snippet>, while <snippet id="S_iDUQY7x">slogans function as thought-terminating clichés that discourage critical thought by offering seemingly simple answers to complex questions</snippet>. <snippet id="S_15dkzZt">These phrases operate as brief, striking terms that act as emotional appeals and may include labeling and stereotyping</snippet>. <snippet id="S_lgOMCo4">Orwell's Newspeak language engineering is exemplified by terms like "doubleplus unfree," which demonstrates the intensifying use of language for ideological control</snippet>. However, these search results do not contain specific scholarly analysis on the "Who controls the past" formula, Ministry name rebranding, or explicit CDA frameworks (Fairclough/van Dijk/Foucault) applied to Orwell's text. <snippet id="S_7QgSGSe">A significant portion of references to these slogans in media are secondary uses (73%), indicating their evolution as discursive artifacts rather than original texts</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_gsbJVy0,S_5VWgqHF">Eric A. Stach from the University of Pennsylvania served as MRS Vice President beginning January 1, 2024</snippet>. <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0">He will lead the Board of Directors as MRS President in 2025</snippet>, confirming his concurrent roles as both Vice President and President-Elect for 2024. <snippet id="S_ZPx3NY5">The 2024 past presidents page lists Takao Someya (2024) in the vice president/president-elect position</snippet>, though this appears to reference a different timeframe. <snippet id="S_Mcho4xl">The official MRS announcement confirms the Vice President/President Elect title for the 2025 leadership team</snippet>.
</answer>

<answer>
Eric A. Stach from the University of Pennsylvania served as MRS Vice President beginning January 1, 2024 <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0, S_5VWgqHF">. He will lead the Board of Directors as MRS President in 2025, following the standard VP/President-Elect transition <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0, S_5VWgqHF">. This confirms that Eric A. Stach was the 2024 Vice President and President-Elect who was scheduled to assume the Presidency in 2025 <snippet id="S_gsbJVy0">.
</answer>


<answer>
<snippet id="S_3JECVB5,S_Xa6M06B">STIX 2.1 is an OASIS standard for sharing Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) records, using a flat JSON structure with STIX Domain Objects (SDOs) at the top level and relationships managed through STIX Relationship Objects (SROs)</snippet>. <snippet id="S_JYIyMdS,S_3JECVB5">The twelve SDO types include 'indicator', 'malware', 'report', and 'vulnerability', with the 'pattern' property specific to Indicator SDOs for detailing malware indicators</snippet>. <snippet id="S_06F1WZp">STIX objects such as Threat Actor, Malware, or Indicator belong to the set of SDOs, while Relationship and Sighting objects are SROs</snippet>. <snippet id="S_3TK690R">STIX uses a combination of observed data structures, indicator patterns, and relationship objects, which require UUIDs to establish connections between different objects</snippet>. <snippet id="S_Hlcufmo">In CTI databases, Indicator SDOs are mapped as nodes with their pattern property populated by threat intelligence data, while SROs define relationships between these nodes</snippet>. <snippet id="S_pKQ0ahU">STIX 2.1 includes an Opinion SDO to capture perceptions by CTI consumers about the correctness of STIX objects, though it falls short of covering a larger CTI quality concept</snippet>.
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<answer>
<snippet id="S_3JECVB5,S_Xa6M06B">The OASIS CTI technical committee maintains STIX 2.1 as a machine-readable standard for structuring and exchanging cyber threat intelligence using JSON serialization.</snippet> <snippet id="S_JYIyMdS,S_06F1WZp">The framework defines STIX Domain Objects (SDOs), including specific types such as 'malware' and 'indicator', to describe characteristics of incidents and threat indicators.</snippet> <snippet id="S_JYIyMdS,S_lIvobvB">The 'indicator' SDO includes a 'pattern' property for detailing malware indicators, while data quality metrics can assess the connectedness of these objects.</snippet> <snippet id="S_3JECVB5,S_06F1WZp">STIX uses STIX Relationship Objects (SROs) to link SDOs, enabling representations such as a malware exploiting a vulnerability or an indicator referencing a threat actor.</snippet> <snippet id="S_Xa6M06B">Integration of CybOX into STIX 2.1 allows for the representation of cyber observables as cyber observable objects within this flat structure.</snippet>
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<snippet id=3d29ab62-0,3d29ab62-1,3d29ab62-2,3d29ab62-3,3d29ab62-4,3d29ab62-5,3d29ab62-6,3d29ab62-7,3d29ab62-8,3d29ab62-9>The search results do not contain specific information about newly formed counties in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province for 2020-2024</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-0>Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran located in the southwest of the country</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-1>Kohgiluyeh County is a county within Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province with Dehdasht as its capital</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-5>A study mentions newly formed local and province level governments but does not provide specific county names or formation dates</snippet>. <snippet id=3d29ab62-6,3d29ab62-7,3d29ab62-9>Other snippets reference 2024 studies but do not mention new county formations</snippet>. The search results are insufficient to identify newly formed counties in this province during the 2020-2024 period.
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<snippet id=3d29ab62-5>The FAO report mentions "newly formed local and province level governments" in a general context, but does not specify particular counties formed in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province during 2020-2024</snippet>. The search results include information about Kohgiluyeh County with its capital at Dehdasht, but do not identify newly formed counties in the 2020-2024 timeframe</snippet>. No specific administrative changes or county formations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province during this period are clearly documented in the available snippets</snippet>.
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