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Model: knoveleng/Open-RS3
Source: Original Platform
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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Knovel Engineering
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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---
base_model:
- deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B
datasets:
- knoveleng/open-rs
- knoveleng/open-s1
- knoveleng/open-deepscaler
license: mit
pipeline_tag: text-generation
inference: true
library_name: transformers
---
# Model Summary
This model enhances the reasoning capabilities of the small 1.5B parameter `DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B` LLM using reinforcement learning (RL). Trained efficiently on 4 A40 GPUs in under 24 hours, it achieves significant gains in mathematical reasoning benchmarks (e.g., 80% accuracy on AMC23, 46.7% on AIME24, surpassing `o1-preview`). This cost-effective approach demonstrates the potential of RL for boosting reasoning in resource-constrained settings.
## Evaluation
### Performance Highlights
- **Open-RS1**: 53.0% avg. score
- **Open-RS2**: 55.7% avg. score, 80.0% on AMC23
- **Open-RS3**: 56.3% avg. score, 46.7% on AIME24 (outperforms `o1-preview` at 44.6%)
- Competitive MATH-500 scores; Minerva lags behind 7B models.
![Performance Metrics](assets/performances.png)
### Cost Efficiency
Our approach uses 7,000 samples (42,000 total outputs) and costs ~$42 on 4x A40 GPUs in 24 hours, compared to thousands of dollars for baseline models.
![7B Model Costs](assets/costs-7b.png)
![1.5B Model Costs](assets/costs-1.5b.png)
## Citation
If this project aids your work, please cite it as:
```
@inproceedings{
dang2026reinforcement,
title={Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning in Small {LLM}s: What Works and What Doesn{\textquoteright}t},
author={Quy-Anh Dang and Chris Ngo},
booktitle={Logical and Symbolic Reasoning in Language Models @ AAAI 2026},
year={2026},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=3pWL6Zxc4A}
}
```
For more details, including usage instructions and further evaluation results, please refer to our [GitHub repository](https://github.com/knoveleng/open-rs).

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{
"_name_or_path": "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B",
"architectures": [
"Qwen2ForCausalLM"
],
"attention_dropout": 0.0,
"bos_token_id": 151643,
"eos_token_id": 151643,
"hidden_act": "silu",
"hidden_size": 1536,
"initializer_range": 0.02,
"intermediate_size": 8960,
"max_position_embeddings": 131072,
"max_window_layers": 21,
"model_type": "qwen2",
"num_attention_heads": 12,
"num_hidden_layers": 28,
"num_key_value_heads": 2,
"rms_norm_eps": 1e-06,
"rope_scaling": null,
"rope_theta": 10000,
"sliding_window": 4096,
"tie_word_embeddings": false,
"torch_dtype": "bfloat16",
"transformers_version": "4.49.0",
"use_cache": false,
"use_mrope": false,
"use_sliding_window": false,
"vocab_size": 151936
}

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{"framework": "pytorch", "task": "text-generation", "allow_remote": true}

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{
"_from_model_config": true,
"bos_token_id": 151646,
"do_sample": true,
"eos_token_id": 151643,
"temperature": 0.6,
"top_p": 0.95,
"transformers_version": "4.49.0"
}

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global_step300

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{
"bos_token": {
"content": "<begin▁of▁sentence>",
"lstrip": false,
"normalized": false,
"rstrip": false,
"single_word": false
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"content": "<end▁of▁sentence>",
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"pad_token": {
"content": "<end▁of▁sentence>",
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"rstrip": false,
"single_word": false
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{
"add_bos_token": true,
"add_eos_token": false,
"add_prefix_space": null,
"added_tokens_decoder": {
"151643": {
"content": "<end▁of▁sentence>",
"lstrip": false,
"normalized": false,
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"single_word": false,
"special": true
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"lstrip": false,
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"lstrip": false,
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},
"bos_token": "<begin▁of▁sentence>",
"chat_template": "{% if not add_generation_prompt is defined %}{% set add_generation_prompt = false %}{% endif %}{% set ns = namespace(is_first=false, is_tool=false, is_output_first=true, system_prompt='') %}{%- for message in messages %}{%- if message['role'] == 'system' %}{% set ns.system_prompt = message['content'] %}{%- endif %}{%- endfor %}{{bos_token}}{{ns.system_prompt}}{%- for message in messages %}{%- if message['role'] == 'user' %}{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}{{'<User>' + message['content']}}{%- endif %}{%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' and message['content'] is none %}{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}{%- for tool in message['tool_calls']%}{%- if not ns.is_first %}{{'<Assistant><tool▁calls▁begin><tool▁call▁begin>' + tool['type'] + '<tool▁sep>' + tool['function']['name'] + '\\n' + '```json' + '\\n' + tool['function']['arguments'] + '\\n' + '```' + '<tool▁call▁end>'}}{%- set ns.is_first = true -%}{%- else %}{{'\\n' + '<tool▁call▁begin>' + tool['type'] + '<tool▁sep>' + tool['function']['name'] + '\\n' + '```json' + '\\n' + tool['function']['arguments'] + '\\n' + '```' + '<tool▁call▁end>'}}{{'<tool▁calls▁end><end▁of▁sentence>'}}{%- endif %}{%- endfor %}{%- endif %}{%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' and message['content'] is not none %}{%- if ns.is_tool %}{{'<tool▁outputs▁end>' + message['content'] + '<end▁of▁sentence>'}}{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}{%- else %}{% set content = message['content'] %}{% if '</think>' in content %}{% set content = content.split('</think>')[-1] %}{% endif %}{{'<Assistant>' + content + '<end▁of▁sentence>'}}{%- endif %}{%- endif %}{%- if message['role'] == 'tool' %}{%- set ns.is_tool = true -%}{%- if ns.is_output_first %}{{'<tool▁outputs▁begin><tool▁output▁begin>' + message['content'] + '<tool▁output▁end>'}}{%- set ns.is_output_first = false %}{%- else %}{{'\\n<tool▁output▁begin>' + message['content'] + '<tool▁output▁end>'}}{%- endif %}{%- endif %}{%- endfor -%}{% if ns.is_tool %}{{'<tool▁outputs▁end>'}}{% endif %}{% if add_generation_prompt and not ns.is_tool %}{{'<Assistant><think>\\n'}}{% endif %}",
"clean_up_tokenization_spaces": false,
"eos_token": "<end▁of▁sentence>",
"extra_special_tokens": {},
"legacy": true,
"model_max_length": 16384,
"pad_token": "<end▁of▁sentence>",
"sp_model_kwargs": {},
"tokenizer_class": "LlamaTokenizerFast",
"unk_token": null,
"use_default_system_prompt": false
}

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# DeepSpeed Team
# This script extracts fp32 consolidated weights from a zero 1, 2 and 3 DeepSpeed checkpoints. It gets
# copied into the top level checkpoint dir, so the user can easily do the conversion at any point in
# the future. Once extracted, the weights don't require DeepSpeed and can be used in any
# application.
#
# example:
# python zero_to_fp32.py . output_dir/
# or
# python zero_to_fp32.py . output_dir/ --safe_serialization
import argparse
import torch
import glob
import math
import os
import re
import json
from tqdm import tqdm
from collections import OrderedDict
from dataclasses import dataclass
# while this script doesn't use deepspeed to recover data, since the checkpoints are pickled with
# DeepSpeed data structures it has to be available in the current python environment.
from deepspeed.utils import logger
from deepspeed.checkpoint.constants import (DS_VERSION, OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT, SINGLE_PARTITION_OF_FP32_GROUPS,
FP32_FLAT_GROUPS, ZERO_STAGE, PARTITION_COUNT, PARAM_SHAPES, BUFFER_NAMES,
FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES, FROZEN_PARAM_FRAGMENTS)
@dataclass
class zero_model_state:
buffers: dict()
param_shapes: dict()
shared_params: list
ds_version: int
frozen_param_shapes: dict()
frozen_param_fragments: dict()
debug = 0
# load to cpu
device = torch.device('cpu')
def atoi(text):
return int(text) if text.isdigit() else text
def natural_keys(text):
'''
alist.sort(key=natural_keys) sorts in human order
http://nedbatchelder.com/blog/200712/human_sorting.html
(See Toothy's implementation in the comments)
'''
return [atoi(c) for c in re.split(r'(\d+)', text)]
def get_model_state_file(checkpoint_dir, zero_stage):
if not os.path.isdir(checkpoint_dir):
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory '{checkpoint_dir}' doesn't exist")
# there should be only one file
if zero_stage <= 2:
file = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "mp_rank_00_model_states.pt")
elif zero_stage == 3:
file = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "zero_pp_rank_0_mp_rank_00_model_states.pt")
if not os.path.exists(file):
raise FileNotFoundError(f"can't find model states file at '{file}'")
return file
def get_checkpoint_files(checkpoint_dir, glob_pattern):
# XXX: need to test that this simple glob rule works for multi-node setup too
ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, glob_pattern)), key=natural_keys)
if len(ckpt_files) == 0:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"can't find {glob_pattern} files in directory '{checkpoint_dir}'")
return ckpt_files
def get_optim_files(checkpoint_dir):
return get_checkpoint_files(checkpoint_dir, "*_optim_states.pt")
def get_model_state_files(checkpoint_dir):
return get_checkpoint_files(checkpoint_dir, "*_model_states.pt")
def parse_model_states(files):
zero_model_states = []
for file in files:
state_dict = torch.load(file, map_location=device)
if BUFFER_NAMES not in state_dict:
raise ValueError(f"{file} is not a model state checkpoint")
buffer_names = state_dict[BUFFER_NAMES]
if debug:
print("Found buffers:", buffer_names)
# recover just the buffers while restoring them to fp32 if they were saved in fp16
buffers = {k: v.float() for k, v in state_dict["module"].items() if k in buffer_names}
param_shapes = state_dict[PARAM_SHAPES]
# collect parameters that are included in param_shapes
param_names = []
for s in param_shapes:
for name in s.keys():
param_names.append(name)
# update with frozen parameters
frozen_param_shapes = state_dict.get(FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES, None)
if frozen_param_shapes is not None:
if debug:
print(f"Found frozen_param_shapes: {frozen_param_shapes}")
param_names += list(frozen_param_shapes.keys())
# handle shared params
shared_params = [[k, v] for k, v in state_dict["shared_params"].items()]
ds_version = state_dict.get(DS_VERSION, None)
frozen_param_fragments = state_dict.get(FROZEN_PARAM_FRAGMENTS, None)
z_model_state = zero_model_state(buffers=buffers,
param_shapes=param_shapes,
shared_params=shared_params,
ds_version=ds_version,
frozen_param_shapes=frozen_param_shapes,
frozen_param_fragments=frozen_param_fragments)
zero_model_states.append(z_model_state)
return zero_model_states
def parse_optim_states(files, ds_checkpoint_dir):
total_files = len(files)
state_dicts = []
for f in files:
state_dict = torch.load(f, map_location=device)
# immediately discard the potentially huge 2 optimizer states as we only care for fp32 master weights
# and also handle the case where it was already removed by another helper script
state_dict["optimizer_state_dict"].pop("optimizer_state_dict", None)
state_dicts.append(state_dict)
if not ZERO_STAGE in state_dicts[0][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT]:
raise ValueError(f"{files[0]} is not a zero checkpoint")
zero_stage = state_dicts[0][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][ZERO_STAGE]
world_size = state_dicts[0][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][PARTITION_COUNT]
# For ZeRO-2 each param group can have different partition_count as data parallelism for expert
# parameters can be different from data parallelism for non-expert parameters. So we can just
# use the max of the partition_count to get the dp world_size.
if type(world_size) is list:
world_size = max(world_size)
if world_size != total_files:
raise ValueError(
f"Expected {world_size} of '*_optim_states.pt' under '{ds_checkpoint_dir}' but found {total_files} files. "
"Possibly due to an overwrite of an old checkpoint, or a checkpoint didn't get saved by one or more processes."
)
# the groups are named differently in each stage
if zero_stage <= 2:
fp32_groups_key = SINGLE_PARTITION_OF_FP32_GROUPS
elif zero_stage == 3:
fp32_groups_key = FP32_FLAT_GROUPS
else:
raise ValueError(f"unknown zero stage {zero_stage}")
if zero_stage <= 2:
fp32_flat_groups = [state_dicts[i][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][fp32_groups_key] for i in range(len(state_dicts))]
elif zero_stage == 3:
# if there is more than one param group, there will be multiple flattened tensors - one
# flattened tensor per group - for simplicity merge them into a single tensor
#
# XXX: could make the script more memory efficient for when there are multiple groups - it
# will require matching the sub-lists of param_shapes for each param group flattened tensor
fp32_flat_groups = [
torch.cat(state_dicts[i][OPTIMIZER_STATE_DICT][fp32_groups_key], 0) for i in range(len(state_dicts))
]
return zero_stage, world_size, fp32_flat_groups
def _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(ds_checkpoint_dir, exclude_frozen_parameters):
"""
Returns fp32 state_dict reconstructed from ds checkpoint
Args:
- ``ds_checkpoint_dir``: path to the deepspeed checkpoint folder (where the optimizer files are)
"""
print(f"Processing zero checkpoint '{ds_checkpoint_dir}'")
optim_files = get_optim_files(ds_checkpoint_dir)
zero_stage, world_size, fp32_flat_groups = parse_optim_states(optim_files, ds_checkpoint_dir)
print(f"Detected checkpoint of type zero stage {zero_stage}, world_size: {world_size}")
model_files = get_model_state_files(ds_checkpoint_dir)
zero_model_states = parse_model_states(model_files)
print(f'Parsing checkpoint created by deepspeed=={zero_model_states[0].ds_version}')
if zero_stage <= 2:
return _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero2_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,
exclude_frozen_parameters)
elif zero_stage == 3:
return _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero3_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,
exclude_frozen_parameters)
def _zero2_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, zero_model_states):
if zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes is None or len(zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes) == 0:
return
frozen_param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes
frozen_param_fragments = zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_fragments
if debug:
num_elem = sum(s.numel() for s in frozen_param_shapes.values())
print(f'rank 0: {FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES}.numel = {num_elem}')
wanted_params = len(frozen_param_shapes)
wanted_numel = sum(s.numel() for s in frozen_param_shapes.values())
avail_numel = sum([p.numel() for p in frozen_param_fragments.values()])
print(f'Frozen params: Have {avail_numel} numels to process.')
print(f'Frozen params: Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params')
total_params = 0
total_numel = 0
for name, shape in frozen_param_shapes.items():
total_params += 1
unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel()
total_numel += unpartitioned_numel
state_dict[name] = frozen_param_fragments[name]
if debug:
print(f"{name} full shape: {shape} unpartitioned numel {unpartitioned_numel} ")
print(f"Reconstructed Frozen fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")
def _has_callable(obj, fn):
attr = getattr(obj, fn, None)
return callable(attr)
def _zero2_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states):
param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].param_shapes
# Reconstruction protocol:
#
# XXX: document this
if debug:
for i in range(world_size):
for j in range(len(fp32_flat_groups[0])):
print(f"{FP32_FLAT_GROUPS}[{i}][{j}].shape={fp32_flat_groups[i][j].shape}")
# XXX: memory usage doubles here (zero2)
num_param_groups = len(fp32_flat_groups[0])
merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups = []
for i in range(num_param_groups):
merged_partitions = [sd[i] for sd in fp32_flat_groups]
full_single_fp32_vector = torch.cat(merged_partitions, 0)
merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups.append(full_single_fp32_vector)
avail_numel = sum(
[full_single_fp32_vector.numel() for full_single_fp32_vector in merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups])
if debug:
wanted_params = sum([len(shapes) for shapes in param_shapes])
wanted_numel = sum([sum(shape.numel() for shape in shapes.values()) for shapes in param_shapes])
# not asserting if there is a mismatch due to possible padding
print(f"Have {avail_numel} numels to process.")
print(f"Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params.")
# params
# XXX: for huge models that can't fit into the host's RAM we will have to recode this to support
# out-of-core computing solution
total_numel = 0
total_params = 0
for shapes, full_single_fp32_vector in zip(param_shapes, merged_single_partition_of_fp32_groups):
offset = 0
avail_numel = full_single_fp32_vector.numel()
for name, shape in shapes.items():
unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel() if _has_callable(shape, 'numel') else math.prod(shape)
total_numel += unpartitioned_numel
total_params += 1
if debug:
print(f"{name} full shape: {shape} unpartitioned numel {unpartitioned_numel} ")
state_dict[name] = full_single_fp32_vector.narrow(0, offset, unpartitioned_numel).view(shape)
offset += unpartitioned_numel
# Z2 started to align to 2*world_size to improve nccl performance. Therefore both offset and
# avail_numel can differ by anywhere between 0..2*world_size. Due to two unrelated complex
# paddings performed in the code it's almost impossible to predict the exact numbers w/o the
# live optimizer object, so we are checking that the numbers are within the right range
align_to = 2 * world_size
def zero2_align(x):
return align_to * math.ceil(x / align_to)
if debug:
print(f"original offset={offset}, avail_numel={avail_numel}")
offset = zero2_align(offset)
avail_numel = zero2_align(avail_numel)
if debug:
print(f"aligned offset={offset}, avail_numel={avail_numel}")
# Sanity check
if offset != avail_numel:
raise ValueError(f"consumed {offset} numels out of {avail_numel} - something is wrong")
print(f"Reconstructed fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")
def _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero2_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,
exclude_frozen_parameters):
state_dict = OrderedDict()
# buffers
buffers = zero_model_states[0].buffers
state_dict.update(buffers)
if debug:
print(f"added {len(buffers)} buffers")
if not exclude_frozen_parameters:
_zero2_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, zero_model_states)
_zero2_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states)
# recover shared parameters
for pair in zero_model_states[0].shared_params:
if pair[1] in state_dict:
state_dict[pair[0]] = state_dict[pair[1]]
return state_dict
def zero3_partitioned_param_info(unpartitioned_numel, world_size):
remainder = unpartitioned_numel % world_size
padding_numel = (world_size - remainder) if remainder else 0
partitioned_numel = math.ceil(unpartitioned_numel / world_size)
return partitioned_numel, padding_numel
def _zero3_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, world_size, zero_model_states):
if zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes is None or len(zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes) == 0:
return
if debug:
for i in range(world_size):
num_elem = sum(s.numel() for s in zero_model_states[i].frozen_param_fragments.values())
print(f'rank {i}: {FROZEN_PARAM_SHAPES}.numel = {num_elem}')
frozen_param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes
wanted_params = len(frozen_param_shapes)
wanted_numel = sum(s.numel() for s in frozen_param_shapes.values())
avail_numel = sum([p.numel() for p in zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_fragments.values()]) * world_size
print(f'Frozen params: Have {avail_numel} numels to process.')
print(f'Frozen params: Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params')
total_params = 0
total_numel = 0
for name, shape in zero_model_states[0].frozen_param_shapes.items():
total_params += 1
unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel()
total_numel += unpartitioned_numel
param_frags = tuple(model_state.frozen_param_fragments[name] for model_state in zero_model_states)
state_dict[name] = torch.cat(param_frags, 0).narrow(0, 0, unpartitioned_numel).view(shape)
partitioned_numel, partitioned_padding_numel = zero3_partitioned_param_info(unpartitioned_numel, world_size)
if debug:
print(
f"Frozen params: {total_params} {name} full shape: {shape} partition0 numel={partitioned_numel} partitioned_padding_numel={partitioned_padding_numel}"
)
print(f"Reconstructed Frozen fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")
def _zero3_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states):
param_shapes = zero_model_states[0].param_shapes
avail_numel = fp32_flat_groups[0].numel() * world_size
# Reconstruction protocol: For zero3 we need to zip the partitions together at boundary of each
# param, re-consolidating each param, while dealing with padding if any
# merge list of dicts, preserving order
param_shapes = {k: v for d in param_shapes for k, v in d.items()}
if debug:
for i in range(world_size):
print(f"{FP32_FLAT_GROUPS}[{i}].shape={fp32_flat_groups[i].shape}")
wanted_params = len(param_shapes)
wanted_numel = sum(shape.numel() for shape in param_shapes.values())
# not asserting if there is a mismatch due to possible padding
avail_numel = fp32_flat_groups[0].numel() * world_size
print(f"Trainable params: Have {avail_numel} numels to process.")
print(f"Trainable params: Need {wanted_numel} numels in {wanted_params} params.")
# params
# XXX: for huge models that can't fit into the host's RAM we will have to recode this to support
# out-of-core computing solution
offset = 0
total_numel = 0
total_params = 0
for name, shape in tqdm(param_shapes.items(), desc='Gathering Sharded Weights'):
unpartitioned_numel = shape.numel()
total_numel += unpartitioned_numel
total_params += 1
partitioned_numel, partitioned_padding_numel = zero3_partitioned_param_info(unpartitioned_numel, world_size)
if debug:
print(
f"Trainable params: {total_params} {name} full shape: {shape} partition0 numel={partitioned_numel} partitioned_padding_numel={partitioned_padding_numel}"
)
# XXX: memory usage doubles here
state_dict[name] = torch.cat(
tuple(fp32_flat_groups[i].narrow(0, offset, partitioned_numel) for i in range(world_size)),
0).narrow(0, 0, unpartitioned_numel).view(shape)
offset += partitioned_numel
offset *= world_size
# Sanity check
if offset != avail_numel:
raise ValueError(f"consumed {offset} numels out of {avail_numel} - something is wrong")
print(f"Reconstructed Trainable fp32 state dict with {total_params} params {total_numel} elements")
def _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero3_checkpoint(world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states,
exclude_frozen_parameters):
state_dict = OrderedDict()
# buffers
buffers = zero_model_states[0].buffers
state_dict.update(buffers)
if debug:
print(f"added {len(buffers)} buffers")
if not exclude_frozen_parameters:
_zero3_merge_frozen_params(state_dict, world_size, zero_model_states)
_zero3_merge_trainable_params(state_dict, world_size, fp32_flat_groups, zero_model_states)
# recover shared parameters
for pair in zero_model_states[0].shared_params:
if pair[1] in state_dict:
state_dict[pair[0]] = state_dict[pair[1]]
return state_dict
def get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir, tag=None, exclude_frozen_parameters=False):
"""
Convert ZeRO 2 or 3 checkpoint into a single fp32 consolidated state_dict that can be loaded with
``load_state_dict()`` and used for training without DeepSpeed or shared with others, for example
via a model hub.
Args:
- ``checkpoint_dir``: path to the desired checkpoint folder
- ``tag``: checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. If not provided will attempt to load tag in 'latest' file. e.g., ``global_step14``
- ``exclude_frozen_parameters``: exclude frozen parameters
Returns:
- pytorch ``state_dict``
Note: this approach may not work if your application doesn't have sufficient free CPU memory and
you may need to use the offline approach using the ``zero_to_fp32.py`` script that is saved with
the checkpoint.
A typical usage might be ::
from deepspeed.utils.zero_to_fp32 import get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint
# do the training and checkpoint saving
state_dict = get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir) # already on cpu
model = model.cpu() # move to cpu
model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
# submit to model hub or save the model to share with others
In this example the ``model`` will no longer be usable in the deepspeed context of the same
application. i.e. you will need to re-initialize the deepspeed engine, since
``model.load_state_dict(state_dict)`` will remove all the deepspeed magic from it.
If you want it all done for you, use ``load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint`` instead.
"""
if tag is None:
latest_path = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, 'latest')
if os.path.isfile(latest_path):
with open(latest_path, 'r') as fd:
tag = fd.read().strip()
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unable to find 'latest' file at {latest_path}")
ds_checkpoint_dir = os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, tag)
if not os.path.isdir(ds_checkpoint_dir):
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Directory '{ds_checkpoint_dir}' doesn't exist")
return _get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(ds_checkpoint_dir, exclude_frozen_parameters)
def convert_zero_checkpoint_to_fp32_state_dict(checkpoint_dir,
output_dir,
max_shard_size="5GB",
safe_serialization=False,
tag=None,
exclude_frozen_parameters=False):
"""
Convert ZeRO 2 or 3 checkpoint into a single fp32 consolidated ``state_dict`` file that can be
loaded with ``torch.load(file)`` + ``load_state_dict()`` and used for training without DeepSpeed.
Args:
- ``checkpoint_dir``: path to the desired checkpoint folder. (one that contains the tag-folder, like ``global_step14``)
- ``output_dir``: directory to the pytorch fp32 state_dict output files
- ``max_shard_size``: the maximum size for a checkpoint before being sharded, default value is 5GB
- ``safe_serialization``: whether to save the model using `safetensors` or the traditional PyTorch way (that uses `pickle`).
- ``tag``: checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. If not provided will attempt to load tag in the file named ``latest`` in the checkpoint folder, e.g., ``global_step14``
- ``exclude_frozen_parameters``: exclude frozen parameters
"""
# Dependency pre-check
if safe_serialization:
try:
from safetensors.torch import save_file
except ImportError:
print('If you want to use `safe_serialization`, please `pip install safetensors`')
raise
if max_shard_size is not None:
try:
from huggingface_hub import split_torch_state_dict_into_shards
except ImportError:
print('If you want to use `max_shard_size`, please `pip install huggingface_hub`')
raise
# Convert zero checkpoint to state_dict
state_dict = get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir, tag, exclude_frozen_parameters)
# Shard the model if it is too big.
weights_name = "model.safetensors" if safe_serialization else "pytorch_model.bin"
if max_shard_size is not None:
filename_pattern = weights_name.replace(".bin", "{suffix}.bin").replace(".safetensors", "{suffix}.safetensors")
state_dict_split = split_torch_state_dict_into_shards(state_dict,
filename_pattern=filename_pattern,
max_shard_size=max_shard_size)
else:
from collections import namedtuple
StateDictSplit = namedtuple("StateDictSplit", ["is_sharded", "filename_to_tensors"])
state_dict_split = StateDictSplit(is_sharded=False,
filename_to_tensors={weights_name: list(state_dict.keys())})
# Save the model
filename_to_tensors = state_dict_split.filename_to_tensors.items()
for shard_file, tensors in tqdm(filename_to_tensors, desc="Saving checkpoint shards"):
shard = {tensor: state_dict[tensor].contiguous() for tensor in tensors}
output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, shard_file)
if safe_serialization:
save_file(shard, output_path, metadata={"format": "pt"})
else:
torch.save(shard, output_path)
# Save index if sharded
if state_dict_split.is_sharded:
index = {
"metadata": state_dict_split.metadata,
"weight_map": state_dict_split.tensor_to_filename,
}
save_index_file = "model.safetensors.index.json" if safe_serialization else "pytorch_model.bin.index.json"
save_index_file = os.path.join(output_dir, save_index_file)
with open(save_index_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
content = json.dumps(index, indent=2, sort_keys=True) + "\n"
f.write(content)
def load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(model, checkpoint_dir, tag=None):
"""
1. Put the provided model to cpu
2. Convert ZeRO 2 or 3 checkpoint into a single fp32 consolidated ``state_dict``
3. Load it into the provided model
Args:
- ``model``: the model object to update
- ``checkpoint_dir``: path to the desired checkpoint folder. (one that contains the tag-folder, like ``global_step14``)
- ``tag``: checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. If not provided will attempt to load tag in the file named ``latest`` in the checkpoint folder, e.g., ``global_step14``
Returns:
- ``model`: modified model
Make sure you have plenty of CPU memory available before you call this function. If you don't
have enough use the ``zero_to_fp32.py`` utility to do the conversion. You will find it
conveniently placed for you in the checkpoint folder.
A typical usage might be ::
from deepspeed.utils.zero_to_fp32 import load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint
model = load_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(trainer.model, checkpoint_dir)
# submit to model hub or save the model to share with others
Note, that once this was run, the ``model`` will no longer be usable in the deepspeed context
of the same application. i.e. you will need to re-initialize the deepspeed engine, since
``model.load_state_dict(state_dict)`` will remove all the deepspeed magic from it.
"""
logger.info(f"Extracting fp32 weights")
state_dict = get_fp32_state_dict_from_zero_checkpoint(checkpoint_dir, tag)
logger.info(f"Overwriting model with fp32 weights")
model = model.cpu()
model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False)
return model
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("checkpoint_dir",
type=str,
help="path to the desired checkpoint folder, e.g., path/checkpoint-12")
parser.add_argument("output_dir",
type=str,
help="directory to the pytorch fp32 state_dict output files"
"(e.g. path/checkpoint-12-output/)")
parser.add_argument(
"--max_shard_size",
type=str,
default="5GB",
help="The maximum size for a checkpoint before being sharded. Checkpoints shard will then be each of size"
"lower than this size. If expressed as a string, needs to be digits followed by a unit (like `5MB`"
"We default it to 5GB in order for models to be able to run easily on free-tier google colab instances"
"without CPU OOM issues.")
parser.add_argument(
"--safe_serialization",
default=False,
action='store_true',
help="Whether to save the model using `safetensors` or the traditional PyTorch way (that uses `pickle`).")
parser.add_argument("-t",
"--tag",
type=str,
default=None,
help="checkpoint tag used as a unique identifier for checkpoint. e.g., global_step1")
parser.add_argument("--exclude_frozen_parameters", action='store_true', help="exclude frozen parameters")
parser.add_argument("-d", "--debug", action='store_true', help="enable debug")
args = parser.parse_args()
debug = args.debug
convert_zero_checkpoint_to_fp32_state_dict(args.checkpoint_dir,
args.output_dir,
max_shard_size=args.max_shard_size,
safe_serialization=args.safe_serialization,
tag=args.tag,
exclude_frozen_parameters=args.exclude_frozen_parameters)