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README.md
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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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<div align="center">
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<h1>ERank: Fusing Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning for Effective and Efficient Text Reranking</h1>
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</div>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00520">Arxiv</a>
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</p>
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## Introduction
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We introduce ERANK, a highly effective and efficient pointwise reranker built from a reasoning LLM, which excels across diverse relevance scenarios with low latency.
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Surprisingly, it also outperforms recent listwise rerankers on the most challenging reasoning-intensive tasks.
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<img src="./assets/overview.png">
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ERank is trained with a novel two-stage training pipeline, i.e., Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement
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Learning (RL).
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During the SFT stage, unlike traidtional pointwise rerankers that train the LLMs for binary relevance classification, we encourage the LLM to generatively output fine grained integer scores.
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In the RL training, we introduce a novel listwise derived reward, which instills global ranking awareness into the efficient
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pointwise architecture.
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## Model List
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We provide the trained reranking models in various sizes (4B, 14B and 32B), all of which support customizing the input instruction according to different tasks.
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| Model | Size | Layers | Sequence Length | Instruction Aware |
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|------------------------------------------|------|--------|-----------------|-------------------|
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| [ERank-4B](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/ERank-4B) | 4B | 36 | 32K | Yes |
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| [ERank-14B](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/ERank-14B) | 14B | 40 | 128K | Yes |
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| [ERank-32B](https://huggingface.co/Alibaba-NLP/ERank-32B) | 32B | 64 | 128K | Yes |
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## Evaluation
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We evaluate ERank on both reasoning-intensive benchmarks (BRIGHT and FollowIR) and traditional semantic relevance benchmarks (BEIR and TREC DL).
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All methods use the original queries without hybrid scores.
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| Paradigm | Method | Average | BRIGHT | FollowIR | BEIR | TREC DL |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| - | First-stage retriever | 25.9 | 13.7 | 0 | 40.8 | 49.3 |
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| Listwise | Rank-R1-7B | 34.6 | 15.7 | 3.6 | **49.0** | 70.0 |
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| Listwise | Rearank-7B | 35.3 | 17.4 | 2.3 | **49.0** | **72.5** |
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| Pointwise | JudgeRank-8B | 32.1 | 17.0 | 9.9 | 39.1 | 62.6 |
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| Pointwise | Rank1-7B | 34.6 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 44.2 | 67.1 |
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| Pointwise | **ERank-4B (Ours)** | 36.8 | 22.7 | 11.0 | 44.8 | 68.9 |
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| Pointwise | **ERank-14B (Ours)** | 36.9 | 23.1 | 10.3 | 47.1 | 67.1 |
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| Pointwise | **ERank-32B (Ours)** | **38.1** | **24.4** | **12.1** | 47.7 | 68.1 |
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On the most challenging BRIGHT benchmark, with top-100 documents retrieved by ReasonIR-8B using GPT-4 reason-query, ERank with BM25 hybrid achieves the state-of-the-art NDCG@10.
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| Method | nDCG@10 |
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| :--- | :--- |
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| ReasonIR-8B | 30.5 |
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| Rank-R1-7B | 24.1 |
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| Rank1-7B | 24.3 |
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| Rearank-7B | 27.5 |
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| JudgeRank-8B | 20.2 |
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| *+ BM25 hybrid* | 22.7 |
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| Rank-R1-32B-v0.2 | 37.7 |
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| *+ BM25 hybrid* | 40.0 |
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| **ERank-4B (Ours)** | 30.5 |
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| *+ BM25 hybrid* | 38.7 |
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| **ERank-14B (Ours)** | 31.8 |
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| *+ BM25 hybrid* | 39.3 |
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| **ERank-32B (Ours)** | 32.8 |
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| *+ BM25 hybrid* | **40.2** |
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Since ERank is a pointwise reranker, it has low latency compared with listwise models.
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<div align="center">
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<img src="./assets/latency.png" width=400px>
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</div>
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For more details, please refer to our [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00520).
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## Usage
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We have implemented the inference code based on Transformer and vLLM, respectively.
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```python
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from examples.ERank_Transformer import ERank_Transformer
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from examples.ERank_vLLM import ERank_vLLM
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from examples.utils import hybrid_scores
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# select a model
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model_name_or_path = "Alibaba-NLP/ERank-4B"
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# model_name_or_path = "Alibaba-NLP/ERank-14B"
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# model_name_or_path = "Alibaba-NLP/ERank-32B"
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# use vLLM or Transformer
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# reranker = ERank_Transformer(model_name_or_path)
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reranker = ERank_vLLM(model_name_or_path)
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# input data
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instruction = "Retrieve relevant documents for the query."
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query = "I am happy"
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docs = [
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{"content": "excited", "first_stage_score": 46.7},
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{"content": "sad", "first_stage_score": 1.5},
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{"content": "peaceful", "first_stage_score": 2.3},
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]
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# rerank
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results = reranker.rerank(query, docs, instruction, truncate_length=2048)
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print(results)
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# [
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# {'content': 'excited', 'first_stage_score': 46.7, 'rank_score': 4.84},
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# {'content': 'peaceful', 'first_stage_score': 2.3, 'rank_score': 2.98}
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# {'content': 'sad', 'first_stage_score': 1.5, 'rank_score': 0.0},
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# ]
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# Optional: hybrid with first-stage scores
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alpha = 0.2
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hybrid_results = hybrid_scores(results, alpha)
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print(hybrid_results)
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# [
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# {'content': 'excited', 'first_stage_score': 46.7, 'rank_score': 4.84, 'hybrid_score': 1.18},
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# {'content': 'peaceful', 'first_stage_score': 2.3, 'rank_score': 2.98, 'hybrid_score':0.01},
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# {'content': 'sad', 'first_stage_score': 1.5, 'rank_score': 0.0, 'hybrid_score': -1.19}
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# ]
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```
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Please refer to the `examples` directory for details, in which we also provide the instructions used in the prompt during evaluation.
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## Citation
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If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.
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```
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@misc{ERank,
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title={ERank: Fusing Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning for Effective and Efficient Text Reranking},
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author={Yuzheng Cai and Yanzhao Zhang and Dingkun Long and Mingxin Li and Pengjun Xie and Weiguo Zheng},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2509.00520},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.IR},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00520},
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}
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```
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