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Model: ewinregirgojr/minicpm5-stock-analyst-v2-mtp
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---
license: apache-2.0
base_model: openbmb/MiniCPM5-1B
pipeline_tag: text-generation
library_name: transformers
tags:
- multi-token-prediction
- mtp
- speculative-decoding
- self-speculative-decoding
- inference-acceleration
- draft-model
- mtp-head
- fastmtp
- eagle
- lk-losses
- acceptance-rate
- llm-inference
- minicpm
- small-llm
- 1b
- self-distillation
- finance
- stock-prediction
language:
- en
datasets:
- openai/gsm8k
- openai/openai_humaneval
- HuggingFaceH4/mt_bench_prompts
- ewinregirgojr/minicpm5-stock-v2-forward-return
model-index:
- name: MiniCPM5-1B MTP Head (FastMTP-style + LK losses)
results:
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Multi-token prediction draft acceptance (teacher-forced, held-out)
dataset:
name: GSM8K (held-out slice)
type: openai/gsm8k
metrics:
- name: Acceptance @ k=1
type: accuracy
value: 60.9
- name: Acceptance @ k=2
type: accuracy
value: 48.0
- name: Acceptance @ k=3
type: accuracy
value: 42.1
---
# Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) Head for a 1B LLM — FastMTP-style Speculative Decoding, Trained for ~$0 on Kaggle
**A single 33M-parameter multi-token prediction head bolted onto a frozen MiniCPM5-1B, trained with self-distillation (FastMTP recipe) + a direct acceptance-rate loss (LK losses) — with honestly reported, per-benchmark acceptance rates instead of a single cherry-picked number.** If you searched for *multi-token prediction*, *MTP head*, *speculative decoding for small LLMs*, or *how to speed up LLM inference without a separate draft model* — this is a complete, reproducible worked example, including the failure modes.
## TL;DR
- **What**: one extra Llama decoder layer (+ input projection, 33M params ≈ 2% of the backbone) that recursively drafts k=1..3 future tokens from the frozen base model's own hidden states, embeddings, and LM head. No separate draft model. Backbone weights untouched.
- **Recipe**: [FastMTP](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18362) (single shared MTP head, self-distillation on the model's own outputs) + [LK losses](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23881) (hybrid KL/Total-Variation objective that directly optimizes acceptance rate instead of plain cross-entropy).
- **Cost**: trained entirely on free Kaggle T4x2 GPUs, ~8,400 self-distilled sequences total.
- **Result** (held-out, teacher-forced argmax acceptance vs. the backbone's own predictions):
| benchmark | k=1 | k=2 | k=3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GSM8K (math) | **60.9%** | **48.0%** | **42.1%** |
| HumanEval (code) | 40.2% | 28.3% | 24.0% |
| MT-Bench (chat) | 38.1% | 29.0% | 25.0% |
- **Not**: a claim of production speedup. These are draft-acceptance rates, not wall-clock numbers; integration into an inference engine (vLLM/SGLang-style verify step) is up to you.
## Why this exists
Vanilla reuse of a single MTP module collapses at depth — the FastMTP paper measured ~70% acceptance at k=1 dropping to ~10% at k=2 and ~0% at k=3 when a stock MTP head is recursed naively. This repo demonstrates the two published fixes that actually move that number, combined and reproduced at 1B scale on free hardware:
1. **Self-distillation** — the head trains on the *model's own* greedy completions (MT-Bench / GSM8K / HumanEval prompt mixes), so it learns the distribution it will actually be drafting for.
2. **Direct acceptance-rate optimization** — the LK hybrid loss `λ·KL + (1λ)·TV` with an adaptive `λ = exp(−η·α)` schedule, which their ablation showed beats plain KL by ~5.6% acceptance length when fine-tuning a native MTP module.
## What's in the repo
| file | what it is |
|---|---|
| `model.safetensors` + configs | the backbone: [MiniCPM5-1B](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM5-1B) with the [stock-analyst v2 LoRA](https://huggingface.co/ewinregirgojr/minicpm5-stock-analyst-gguf) merged in. Frozen during MTP training. |
| `mtp_head.pt` | the trained 33M-param MTP head (`input_proj` + 1 `LlamaDecoderLayer` + norms). |
| tokenizer files | standard MiniCPM tokenizer. |
The head projects through the backbone's own LM head matrix (no new output weights).
## How to load
```python
import torch, torch.nn as nn
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama import LlamaDecoderLayer, LlamaRMSNorm
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
REPO = "ewinregirgojr/minicpm5-stock-analyst-v2-mtp"
backbone = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(REPO, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16).eval()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(REPO)
config = backbone.config
class MTPHead(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config):
super().__init__()
self.input_proj = nn.Linear(2 * config.hidden_size, config.hidden_size, bias=False)
self.pre_norm = LlamaRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
self.decoder_layer = LlamaDecoderLayer(config, layer_idx=config.num_hidden_layers)
self.out_norm = LlamaRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
def forward(self, prev_hidden, token_embed, position_ids, position_embeddings):
x = self.pre_norm(self.input_proj(torch.cat([prev_hidden, token_embed], dim=-1)))
out = self.decoder_layer(x.unsqueeze(1), position_ids=position_ids.unsqueeze(1),
position_embeddings=position_embeddings)
if isinstance(out, tuple):
out = out[0]
return self.out_norm(out.squeeze(1))
head = MTPHead(config).to(torch.bfloat16)
head.load_state_dict(torch.load(hf_hub_download(REPO, "mtp_head.pt"), map_location="cpu"), strict=True)
head.eval()
# drafting: feed h_i (backbone hidden at position i) + embedding of token i+1 -> logits for token i+2,
# then recurse with the head's own output hidden state. Verify drafts with the backbone as usual.
```
## FAQ
### Is there a multi-token prediction head I can train myself without a big cluster?
Yes — that's this repo's point. One epoch + a continuation round on ~8.4k self-distilled sequences, free Kaggle T4x2, a few hours total. The full recipe (FastMTP-style shared head + LK loss) is described above and in the linked papers.
### Why is GSM8K so much higher than MT-Bench and HumanEval?
Data mix. The self-distillation rounds were math/general-instruction heavy; code got only ~120 prompts. Acceptance tracks training-data volume per domain almost linearly at this scale — that's the main practical lesson from this run. If you continue training with a code-heavy mix, expect HumanEval to move the same way GSM8K did (it roughly doubled from a 7k-sequence round).
### Is this the same as DeepSeek's MTP or Qwen's MTP-native models?
Same idea (a small head drafts future tokens, the base model verifies), different provenance: those models pretrain the MTP module jointly; this one is retrofitted onto a finished model post-hoc, which is the situation you're in if your model didn't ship with an MTP head.
### What's the catch?
Three honest ones. (1) These are *teacher-forced acceptance rates*, an upper-bound proxy — real speculative-decoding speedup depends on your verify-step implementation and batch regime. (2) Chat (MT-Bench) is the hardest domain for a 33M head and is still under 30% at k=2 here. (3) The backbone includes a stock-prediction LoRA (see lineage below); for a general-purpose backbone you may want to re-run the recipe on plain MiniCPM5-1B.
### Where did the backbone come from?
It's the [MiniCPM5-1B Stock Analyst v2](https://huggingface.co/ewinregirgojr/minicpm5-stock-analyst-gguf) (a LoRA fine-tune for BUY/SELL stock-direction prediction with honestly-reported ~53% held-out accuracy at the feature set's measured ceiling), merged to plain weights. On the stock task itself the model answers in one token, so MTP does nothing there — the head is trained and evaluated on general text.
## Reproduce / extend
- Levers, in order of measured impact: more self-distillation data (dominant — one 7k round roughly doubled every benchmark), domain mix (train on what you want accepted), epochs, then loss hyperparameters (`η`, `γ`).
- Eval protocol: held-out prompts (seeded slices disjoint from training), backbone generates completions greedily, head predicts each next token teacher-forced, acceptance = argmax match with the backbone's own logits.
## Version history
| version | data | GSM8K k=2 | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| round 1 | 1.4k seqs (incl. stock) | 26.4% | stock EOS-patterns polluted training |
| round 2 (this) | +7k general seqs, stock removed | **48.0%** | every benchmark ~doubled |
License: Apache 2.0 (matches base model and LoRA lineage). Last updated: 2026-07.

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{{- bos_token }}{%- if tools %}
{%- set tool_definitions %}
{{- "# Tools\n\nYou are provided with function signatures within <tools></tools> XML tags:\n<tools>" }}
{%- for tool in tools %}
{{- "\n" }}
{{- tool | tojson(ensure_ascii=False) }}
{%- endfor %}
{{- '\n</tools>\n\nTool usage guidelines:\n- You may call zero or more functions. If no function calls are needed, just answer normally and do not include any <function ... </function>.\n- When calling a function, return an XML object within <function ... </function> using:\n<function name="function-name"><param name="param-name">param-value</param></function>\n- param-value may be multi-line. If it contains <, & or newline characters, wrap it in a CDATA block: <param name="param-name"><![CDATA[...multi-line value...]]></param>' }}
{%- endset %}
{{- '<|im_start|>system\n' }}
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{{- messages[0].content.replace('<tool_def_sep>', tool_definitions) }}
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{{- messages[0].content + '\n\n' + tool_definitions }}
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{%- else %}
{{- tool_definitions.lstrip() }}
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{{- '<|im_end|>\n' }}
{%- else %}
{%- if messages[0].role == 'system' %}
{{- '<|im_start|>system\n' + messages[0].content + '<|im_end|>\n' }}
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{%- if ns.multi_step_tool and message.role == "user" and message.content is string and not(message.content.startswith('<tool_response>') and message.content.endswith('</tool_response>')) %}
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{%- if loop.index0 > ns.last_query_index %}
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{{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '\n' + content }}
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{{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '\n' + content }}
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{{- '\n' }}
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{%- if tool_call.function %}
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{{- '<function name="' ~ tool_call.name ~ '">' }}
{%- if tool_call.arguments %}
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{{- '<param name="' ~ param_name ~ '">' }}
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{{- '<![CDATA[' + param_value + ']]>' }}
{%- else %}
{{- param_value }}
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{{- '</param>' }}
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{{- '<|im_end|>\n' }}
{%- elif message.role == "tool" %}
{%- if loop.first or (messages[loop.index0 - 1].role != "tool") %}
{{- '<|im_start|>user' }}
{%- endif %}
{{- '\n<tool_response>\n' }}
{%- if message.content is string %}
{{- content }}
{%- else %}
{{- message.content | tojson(ensure_ascii=False) }}
{%- endif %}
{{- '\n</tool_response>' }}
{%- if loop.last or (messages[loop.index0 + 1].role != "tool") %}
{{- '<|im_end|>\n' }}
{%- endif %}
{%- endif %}
{%- endfor %}
{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
{{- '<|im_start|>assistant\n' }}
{%- if enable_thinking is defined %}
{%- if enable_thinking is false %}
{{- '<think>\n\n</think>\n\n' }}
{%- elif enable_thinking is true %}
{{- '<think>\n' }}
{%- endif %}
{%- endif %}
{%- endif %}

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{
"architectures": [
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],
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"attention_dropout": 0.0,
"bos_token_id": 0,
"dtype": "bfloat16",
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"max_position_embeddings": 131072,
"mlp_bias": false,
"model_type": "llama",
"num_attention_heads": 16,
"num_hidden_layers": 24,
"num_key_value_heads": 2,
"pad_token_id": 1,
"pretraining_tp": 1,
"rms_norm_eps": 1e-06,
"rope_parameters": {
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"rope_type": "default"
},
"tie_word_embeddings": false,
"transformers_version": "5.13.0",
"use_cache": true,
"vocab_size": 130560
}

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