---
license: apache-2.0
base_model: mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
  - continual-learning
  - lifelong-learning
  - catastrophic-forgetting
  - self-supervised-learning
  - antahkarana
  - vedic-ai
language:
  - en
---

# Antahkarana-7B

> **A lifelong-learning language model that learns new domains without forgetting old ones, and abstains
> instead of hallucinating when it is unsure** — built on Mistral-7B with an AI architecture derived from the
> 2,500-year-old Vedic model of mind (the *antaḥkaraṇa*, "inner instrument").

**Author:** Deepak Soni · **License:** Apache-2.0 · **Base model:** Mistral-7B-v0.1

This is a **standalone, full-weights 7B model**: load it with a plain `from_pretrained` — no adapter, no PEFT.
The continual-learning architecture was trained in via LoRA and then **merged into the base weights**.

---

## 📦 Model family

| Model | What |
|---|---|
| [**antahkarana-v1**](https://huggingface.co/deepakdsoni/antahkarana-v1) | the original architecture + v1 vision models — the most stable continual learner (only positive backward transfer) |
| [**antahkarana-v2**](https://huggingface.co/deepakdsoni/antahkarana-v2) | accuracy-recovering v2 (36.5M) — matches SOTA accuracy at ~3× less forgetting |
| [**antahkarana-7B**](https://huggingface.co/deepakdsoni/antahkarana-7B) | the architecture scaled to a **7B language model** |

## At a glance — what makes this different

Standard fine-tuning suffers **catastrophic forgetting**: teach a model a new task and it loses the old one.
Antahkarana-7B is trained with a small set of cognitive "faculties," each derived from a Vedic concept and
implemented as a concrete mechanism:

| Faculty (Vedic) | Mechanism (ML) | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| **saṃskāra** | Fisher-importance consolidation + decay over LoRA | protects what mattered for old domains → don't forget |
| **vijñāna-smṛti** | dark-knowledge / exemplar replay | rehearses past domains while learning new ones |
| **pramāṇa** | calibrated-confidence gate | abstains ("I'm not sure") instead of hallucinating |
| **manas / buddhi** | two decorrelated views, cross-teaching | safe self-learning from unlabeled data (research track) |

### How it works

The borrowed mind (**Mistral-7B**) stays frozen as the stable core (*śruti*); a small trainable instrument
(*chitta* = LoRA, ~0.2% of params) learns new domains, guided by the faculties — and the **pramāṇa** gate
decides whether to answer or abstain:

![Antahkarana-7B architecture](architecture.png)

**Measured outcome (continual instruction-tuning, 4 domains, 3 seeds): ~3.8× less forgetting than naive LoRA,
with higher and far more stable accuracy.**

![Antahkarana-7B vs naive LoRA](benchmark_7b.png)

---

## The journey: from a 2,500-year-old architecture to a 7B model

This model is the production endpoint of a multi-stage research-to-engineering program.

**1. The architecture.** The Vedic tradition describes the mind as an *antaḥkaraṇa* — an "inner instrument" of
distinct faculties (chitta/memory, manas/perception, buddhi/discernment, ahaṃkāra/identity, plus pramāṇa/valid
knowledge and the guṇa dynamics). Each faculty was mapped to a concrete, testable ML mechanism.

**2. Research validation (vision, 36–52M params).** The mechanisms were first proven on continual-learning
image benchmarks (Split-CIFAR-100, Split-Tiny-ImageNet) against the field's standard methods (EWC, ER, DER++):
the architecture was the **most stable learner tested and the only one with positive backward transfer**, with
a clean ablation showing each Vedic-derived component adds value.

**3. Scaling on a frozen modern backbone (E1–E2).** On a **frozen ViT-B/16**, the consolidation works in
*adapter space*, matching the SOTA (DER++) on accuracy while forgetting less, and extends to the harder
**class-incremental** setting with label-free novelty detection (avidyā).

**4. Self-learning and memory (E-S, śruti/smṛti/nidrā).** The model learns from **unlabeled** data via
decorrelated co-training and reaches near-supervised accuracy from ~2% labels; a complementary study showed an
external "smṛti" memory + periodic "sleep" consolidation retains knowledge ~2.4× better than holding it in
weights.

**5. The 7B model (E7).** The architecture was ported to language: **frozen Mistral-7B + LoRA + saṃskāra +
vijñāna-smṛti + pramāṇa**, continually instruction-tuned across four domains with checkpointing, then **merged**
into the standalone 7B model published here.

---

## Results

### Continual instruction-tuning — naive LoRA vs Antaḥkaraṇa-LoRA (3-seed mean ± std)
Four text-classification domains learned in sequence (AG News → DBpedia → Emotion → SST-2), each with its own
label space, so forgetting is meaningful.

| Metric | naive LoRA | **Antaḥkaraṇa (this model)** |
|---|---|---|
| Final accuracy ↑ | 0.849 ± .029 | **0.882 ± .003** |
| **Forgetting** ↓ | 0.053 ± .032 | **0.014 ± .009** (~3.8× less) |
| Confidence on known domains | 0.841 | **0.954** |
| Known − unknown confidence gap ↑ | 0.467 | **0.494** |

### Live deployment test (this merged model)
- **General language preserved** — correct world-knowledge answers (e.g. capital of Japan → Tokyo; a fluent
  one-sentence definition of photosynthesis).
- **Continual retention: 8/8 correct across all four domains, including the first one learned** — no
  catastrophic forgetting, demonstrated live.
- **pramāṇa abstention** — on a factually neutral input (no sentiment to extract), confidence drops to 0.53 and
  the model abstains rather than guessing; on clear inputs it stays 0.97–0.99 and answers.

---

## Why this is an innovation in today's AI

Most of modern AI is **static**: a model is trained once, frozen, and shipped. Teaching it something new means
expensive retraining — and naive fine-tuning *overwrites* old knowledge (catastrophic forgetting). The field's
strongest continual-learning methods buy stability only by trading away accuracy, or vice-versa.

Antaḥkaraṇa breaks that trade-off. Across a rigorous benchmark vs the standard methods (EWC, LwF, ER, DER++), it
is the **only method that lands in the "ideal corner" — high accuracy *and* very low forgetting** — matching the
SOTA's accuracy while forgetting ~3× less:

![Accuracy vs forgetting frontier](benchmark_frontier.png)

That combination is what makes a model genuinely *lifelong*: it can keep learning in deployment without
expensive retraining and without losing what it already knew — while the **pramāṇa** gate lets it say
*"I don't know"* instead of hallucinating. A static, occasionally-confident model becomes a **living, honest**
one. That is the shift the architecture is reaching for.

## Potential — and where it needs to adapt

**What this architecture could unlock:**
- **Lifelong enterprise models** — absorb new products, policies, and data continuously, without retraining the
  base or forgetting prior knowledge.
- **Trustworthy / high-stakes AI** — calibrated abstention (pramāṇa) for medical, legal, and financial settings
  where "I'm not sure" is safer than a confident guess.
- **Label-efficient & self-learning** — learns from *unlabeled* data (co-training), reaching near-supervised
  accuracy from as little as ~2% labels — cutting annotation cost dramatically.
- **Personal / on-device AI** — a tiny adapter (~160 MB) + external memory personalizes a frozen base to a user,
  privacy-preserving, with no full retraining.
- **Agentic memory** — the śruti (stable core) / smṛti (external memory) / nidrā (sleep-consolidation) design
  gives agents that accumulate experience over time.

**Where it still needs to adapt (honest roadmap):**
- **Beyond classification** — the LLM evaluation here is classification framed as generation; it needs extension
  to open-ended instruction-following and longer, more realistic domain streams.
- **Sharper pramāṇa** — the abstention gate works but is over-confident on adversarial nonsense; it needs
  stronger calibration (e.g. conformal / ensemble methods) at scale.
- **Scale & breadth** — validated on 4 domains and 7B; next is longer continual streams, established
  continual-LLM benchmarks, and larger models (13B–70B).
- **Self-learning + memory at LLM scale** — co-training and the smṛti/nidrā memory are proven in vision and small
  setups; integrating them into the LLM continual loop is the next build.
- **Conditional compute** — a guṇa-driven mixture-of-experts / early-exit layer (efficiency) is designed but not
  yet implemented.

## Usage

```python
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepakdsoni/antahkarana-7B")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "deepakdsoni/antahkarana-7B", dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto")

prompt = ("Classify the sentiment of this movie review (negative, positive).\n"
          "Text: a heartfelt, beautifully acted triumph.\nAnswer:")
out = model.generate(**tok(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device),
                     max_new_tokens=4, pad_token_id=tok.eos_token_id)
print(tok.decode(out[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```

Requires a GPU for full-precision inference (~15 GB in bf16); 4-bit quantization (bitsandbytes) runs in ~5 GB.

---

## Training details

| | |
|---|---|
| **Base model** | `mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1` (frozen) |
| **Adapter** | LoRA (r=16, α=32) on `q/k/v/o_proj`; ~13.6M trainable (0.19%) |
| **Method** | saṃskāra (Fisher Ω + decay) on LoRA · vijñāna-smṛti exemplar replay · pramāṇa confidence gate |
| **Curriculum** | 4 classification domains in sequence, per-task checkpointing (resumable) |
| **Merge** | LoRA folded into base via `merge_and_unload` → standalone full-weights 7B |
| **Precision** | bfloat16 |

To **continue lifelong-learning** (add new domains with saṃskāra protection), use the LoRA adapter + resume
workflow rather than this merged checkpoint — merging flattens the LoRA structure.

---

## Limitations & honest notes

- Continual evaluation is on **classification framed as generation** (clean, measurable), not open-ended
  instruction following — a natural next extension.
- The pramāṇa gate is **not perfect**: it abstains well on genuinely under-determined input but can still be
  over-confident on adversarial nonsense; the robust evidence is the calibration AUROC and the
  in-distribution-vs-unfamiliar confidence gap across many examples.
- The model inherits the capabilities, biases, and knowledge cutoff of **Mistral-7B-v0.1**.

---

## License & attribution

Released under the **Apache License 2.0**. This is a **derivative work of Mistral-7B-v0.1** (© Mistral AI,
Apache-2.0) — see the `NOTICE` file. The base 7B weights were used as a **frozen foundation and were not trained
from scratch**. The Antaḥkaraṇa architecture, continual training, and merging are the contribution of the author.

*Built on the Upaniṣads, Sāṃkhya, Yoga, Nyāya, and modern ML (PyTorch · Transformers · PEFT).*

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{antahkarana7b2026,
  title  = {Antahkarana-7B: Lifelong Learning with a Vedic-Derived Cognitive Architecture},
  author = {Deepak Soni},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Built on Mistral-7B-v0.1 (Apache-2.0)},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/deepakdsoni/antahkarana-7B}
}
```