---
language:
- vi
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- vietnamese
- gpt2
- causal-lm
- text-generation
- poetry
- continued-pretraining
---

# GPT2 AIO Continued Pretraining Poem

`VLAI-AIVN/gpt2-aio-continued-pretraining-poem` is a Vietnamese GPT-2 causal language model adapted for poem-style generation through continued pretraining on a Vietnamese poem stanza corpus.

This checkpoint is a stage-2 domain adaptation model. It starts from a general Vietnamese GPT-2 checkpoint from the same project and is then continued-pretrained on poem data. It is not an instruction-tuned chat model.

## Model Summary

- Architecture: `GPT2LMHeadModel`
- Layers: 12
- Hidden size: 768
- Attention heads: 12
- Context length: 1024 tokens
- Vocabulary size: 50,257
- Parameter count: 124,439,808
- Saved weights format: `safetensors`
- Framework: Hugging Face Transformers

## Training Data

This model was continued-pretrained on the poem corpus:

Dataset size used by the training script:

- Total samples: `2766`
- Train split: `2489`
- Eval split: `277`

Training examples are prepared as follows:

- Each stanza is prefixed with `thơ:\n`
- Text is normalized
- An end-of-text token is appended
- Samples are tokenized with `max_length=64`
- Padding is applied to fixed length
- Prefix tokens and padding tokens are masked out in the labels

This means the model is best prompted with the same prefix used during training.

## Training Procedure
Important detail: despite the local folder name `sft_poem`, this run is not supervised fine-tuning in the instruction-tuning sense. It is continued pretraining for poem-domain adaptation.

The training script loads a previously pretrained Vietnamese GPT-2 checkpoint from the same project and continues training it on the poem corpus. In local project config, the base checkpoint is referenced by `MODEL_DIR`, set to `./artifacts/checkpoints/rand-init/checkpoint-8000`.

Saved training arguments from this checkpoint:

| Setting | Value |
| --- | --- |
| `num_train_epochs` | `30` |
| `per_device_train_batch_size` | `32` |
| `per_device_eval_batch_size` | `32` |
| `learning_rate` | `5e-5` |
| `weight_decay` | `0.1` |
| `warmup_ratio` | `0.1` |
| `lr_scheduler_type` | `cosine` |
| `bf16` | `true` |
| `fp16` | `false` |
| `eval_strategy` | `epoch` |
| `save_strategy` | `epoch` |
| `logging_steps` | `10` |
| `save_total_limit` | `2` |
| `load_best_model_at_end` | `true` |
| `seed` | `42` |

## Checkpoint Selection

This point matters for anyone using or comparing the uploaded model:

- Training ran to `global_step=2340` over `30` epochs
- The best validation checkpoint was `checkpoint-468`
- Best validation metric: `eval_loss=4.6743`
- Best checkpoint epoch: `6.0`

The project uses `load_best_model_at_end=True`, and the saved file hash confirms that:

- `final/model.safetensors` is identical to `checkpoint-468/model.safetensors`
- `final/model.safetensors` is different from `checkpoint-2340/model.safetensors`

So the `final/` folder being uploaded contains the best checkpoint weights, not the last checkpoint weights.

## Training Metrics

Recovered from `trainer_state.json`:

- Best eval loss: `4.6743`
- Approximate best perplexity: `107.16`
- Best checkpoint step: `468`
- Best checkpoint epoch: `6.0`

For reference, the last logged training state before training ended was:

- Final training step reached: `2340`
- Final eval loss logged during training: `4.9351`
- Last logged training loss: `2.6105`

The uploaded `final/` model corresponds to the best checkpoint section above.

## Usage

Use the training prefix `thơ:\n` in prompts for the most consistent behavior.

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

model_id = "VLAI-AIVN/gpt2-aio-continued-pretraining-poem"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    torch_dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto",
)

prompt = "thơ:\nTrăng lên đầu núi"
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model.generate(
        **inputs,
        max_new_tokens=64,
        do_sample=True,
        temperature=0.8,
        top_p=0.95,
        repetition_penalty=1.1,
        pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,
    )

print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```

## Intended Uses

- Vietnamese poem-style text generation experiments
- Domain adaptation studies for Vietnamese language models
- Further fine-tuning for poetry or literary generation tasks
- Baseline experiments on small-domain continued pretraining

## Out-of-Scope Uses

- Safety-critical decision making
- Factual question answering without external verification
- Use as a chat assistant without additional instruction tuning
- Production deployment without evaluation, filtering, and prompt controls

## Limitations

- The poem corpus is relatively small, so outputs may overfit stylistically or repeat phrasing patterns.
- The model is optimized toward poem-like continuations, not broad conversational usefulness.
- This is a domain-adapted generator, not an aligned assistant model.
- The repository snapshot used here does not declare an explicit license file locally. Confirm licensing before broad redistribution or commercial use.

## Repository Context

This checkpoint comes from the Vietnamese GPT-2 pretraining project in this repository, which includes:

- Base pretraining on general Vietnamese corpora
- Continued pretraining on poem data
- Mixed one-step pretraining experiments
- Tokenizer training and data preparation scripts

## Citation

If you use this model, cite the repository or link back to the Hugging Face model page.