---
license: apache-2.0
base_model: HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct
tags:
- security
- log-analysis
- threat-detection
- nginx
- text-classification
- lora
- cpu
- llama-cpp
language:
- en
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-classification
datasets:
- nginx_security
metrics:
- accuracy
model-index:
- name: SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx
  results:
  - task:
      type: text-classification
      name: Security Log Classification
    metrics:
    - type: accuracy
      value: 99.0
      name: Accuracy
---

# SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx

**SecInt** (Security Intelligence Monitor) is a fine-tuned SmolLM2-360M model for real-time nginx security log classification. This is the first model in the SecInt series, designed to automatically detect security threats, errors, and normal traffic patterns in web server logs.

**There are 2 GGUF models, try version 04 its been trained on a lot more data.

## Model Overview

- **Base Model**: [HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-360M-Instruct)
- **Model Size**: 360M parameters (~691MB)
- **Fine-tuning Method**: LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)
- **Task**: Multi-class text classification (3 classes)
- **Classes**: `hack`, `error`, `normal`
- **Inference**: CPU-optimized (~2GB RAM, 32 tokens/sec)
- **Format**: Safetensors + GGUF (llama.cpp compatible)

## Key Features

- **99%+ Accuracy** on production security logs
- **Real-time Detection**: ~100ms latency per classification
- **CPU Inference**: No GPU required, runs on any system
- **Production-Tested**: Battle-tested since October 2025, processing logs from 8 domains
- **Lightweight**: Only ~2GB RAM needed
- **Fast**: 32 tokens/second on CPU

## Quick Start

### Using Transformers

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

# Load model and tokenizer
model_name = "LeviDeHaan/SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name)

# Example log entry
log_entry = '192.168.1.100 - - [28/Oct/2025:12:34:56 +0000] "GET /.env HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "curl/7.68.0"'

# System prompt with classification rules
system_prompt = """You are a security log analyzer. Classify the log entry as one of: hack, error, or normal.

HACK - Any of these patterns indicate an attack:
- Scanning for sensitive files: .env, .git, .php, config.php, wp-admin, phpmyadmin
- SQL injection attempts, XSS attempts
- Invalid login attempts, brute force, "invalid user", "failed password"
- Exploit attempts: /cgi-bin/, shell commands, malformed requests
- 403/404 errors with suspicious paths
- "access forbidden by rule" with .env, .git, admin, wp-, .php
- Scanner user-agents: sqlmap, nikto, zgrab, nuclei
- Webshell access attempts

ERROR - Application errors:
- 500 errors, crashes, exceptions
- SSL/TLS errors
- Database connection failures
- [emerg], [alert], [crit], [error] log levels

NORMAL - Everything else:
- 200/304 responses to legitimate paths
- Regular API calls, static files
- Known good bots: googlebot, facebookbot

Respond with only one word: hack, error, or normal."""

# Format prompt using chat template
messages = [
    {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
    {"role": "user", "content": f"Classify this log entry as hack, error, or normal.\n\n{log_entry}"}
]
prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)

# Generate classification
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model.generate(
        **inputs,
        max_new_tokens=10,
        temperature=0.01,
        top_p=0.38,
        top_k=10,
        do_sample=True,
        pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
    )

# Extract result
result = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip()
print(f"Classification: {result}")  # Output: hack
```

### Using llama.cpp

The model includes a GGUF file for efficient CPU inference:

```bash
# Download the GGUF model
huggingface-cli download LeviDeHaan/SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx smollm-security-nginx02-merged.gguf

# Run inference with llama.cpp
./llama-cli -m smollm-security-nginx02-merged.gguf \
  --temp 0.01 \
  --top-p 0.38 \
  --top-k 10 \
  --seed 42 \
  -p "<|im_start|>system\nYou are a security log analyzer...<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\nClassify this log entry...<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n"
```

## Training Details

### Dataset

- **Source**: Real production nginx logs from 8 domains
- **Total Examples**: 1,646 labeled samples
- **Class Distribution**:
  - `hack`: 800 examples (48.6%) - SQL injection, path traversal, scanner activity, exploit attempts
  - `error`: 46 examples (2.8%) - 500 errors, SSL failures, application crashes
  - `normal`: 800 examples (48.6%) - Legitimate traffic, API calls, static file requests

### LoRA Configuration

```yaml
LoRA Rank (r): 8
LoRA Alpha: 16
LoRA Dropout: 0.05
Target Modules: q_proj, k_proj, v_proj, o_proj, up_proj, down_proj, gate_proj
RSLoRA: enabled
```

### Training Hyperparameters

```yaml
Learning Rate: 2e-05
Scheduler: cosine_with_restarts
Warmup Steps: 5
Batch Size: 10 per device
Gradient Accumulation: 8 steps
Effective Batch Size: 80
Epochs: 10
Max Sequence Length: 2048 tokens
Optimizer: AdamW (betas=0.9,0.999, eps=1e-08)
Seed: 42
```

### Training Results

- **Training Duration**: ~50 minutes (210 steps)
- **Final Loss**: 0.2575
- **Throughput**: 3,121 tokens/second
- **Total Tokens**: 9.29M
- **Hardware**: CPU training (no GPU required)

## Use Cases

### Real-time Web Server Security Monitoring

SecInt is designed for integration into security monitoring systems to provide automated threat detection:

1. **Log Ingestion**: Monitor nginx access/error logs
2. **Classification**: Identify attacks, errors, and normal traffic
3. **Alerting**: Trigger notifications for security threats
4. **Analytics**: Track attack patterns and trends
5. **Response**: Feed into incident response workflows

### Typical Integration Architecture

```
nginx logs → Log Parser → SecInt Classifier → Alert System
                              ↓
                         Database Storage → Dashboard
```

### Detection Capabilities

The model can identify:

**Attack Patterns (hack)**:
- File/directory scanning (`.env`, `.git`, `config.php`, `wp-admin`, `phpmyadmin`)
- SQL injection (`UNION SELECT`, `OR 1=1`, etc.)
- Cross-site scripting (XSS) attempts
- Path traversal (`../../../`)
- Command injection attempts
- Known exploit attempts (PHPUnit RCE, ThinkPHP, etc.)
- Webshell access (c99, r57, alfa, wso)
- Scanner signatures (sqlmap, nikto, zgrab, nuclei)
- Brute force attacks (failed passwords, invalid users)
- Request obfuscation (null bytes, encoding tricks)

**Application Errors (error)**:
- HTTP 500 errors
- SSL/TLS handshake failures
- Application crashes and exceptions
- Database connection errors
- Critical log levels ([emerg], [alert], [crit])

**Normal Traffic (normal)**:
- HTTP 200/304 responses to legitimate paths
- API endpoints and authenticated requests
- Static file serving (CSS, JS, images)
- Known good bots (Googlebot, etc.)

## Performance Metrics

### Optimization Features

When deployed in the full SecInt system:
- **Intelligent Caching**: 95%+ cache hit rate reduces redundant LLM calls
- **Session Tracking**: Sampling mode after 50 requests from same IP
- **Whitelist Support**: Known-good traffic bypasses classification
- **Batch Processing**: Groups requests for efficient processing

## Recommended Inference Settings

For optimal security classification results:

```python
temperature = 0.01      # Very deterministic
max_tokens = 1024       # Classification is short
top_k = 10              # Limit vocabulary
top_p = 0.38            # Nucleus sampling
seed = 42               # Fixed for consistency
```

These settings ensure consistent, deterministic classification suitable for production security monitoring.

## Prompt Template

The model requires the SmolLM2 chat template format. **Critical**: Use the exact system prompt shown in the Quick Start section for best results. The system prompt contains:

1. Clear task definition
2. Detailed attack pattern definitions (HACK class)
3. Error pattern definitions (ERROR class)
4. Normal traffic definitions (NORMAL class)
5. Instruction to respond with single word only

Deviation from this prompt format may significantly reduce accuracy.

## Limitations

- **nginx-Specific**: Trained exclusively on nginx log format; may require fine-tuning for Apache, IIS, or other web servers
- **Prompt-Dependent**: Requires exact prompt template for optimal performance
- **CPU Inference**: Optimized for CPU; no GPU-specific optimizations
- **English Only**: Trained on English-language logs
- **Context Length**: Limited to 2048 tokens per log entry
- **No Multi-log Context**: Classifies individual log entries; does not correlate across multiple logs

## Model Architecture

Built on SmolLM2-360M-Instruct, a decoder-only transformer model optimized for instruction following:

- **Parameters**: 360M
- **Architecture**: Transformer decoder with grouped-query attention
- **Context Length**: 2048 tokens
- **Vocabulary Size**: 49,152 tokens
- **Base Training**: Pre-trained on diverse text corpus, instruction-tuned

LoRA fine-tuning targets all attention and MLP projection layers for maximum adaptation to security log classification while maintaining base model knowledge.

## Citation

If you use this model in your research or production systems, please cite:

```bibtex
@misc{secint-smollm2-nginx,
  author = {Levi DeHaan},
  title = {SecInt: SmolLM2-360M Fine-tuned for nginx Security Log Classification},
  year = {2025},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/LeviDeHaan/SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx}}
}
```

## Acknowledgments

- **HuggingFace** for the SmolLM2-360M-Instruct base model
- **llama.cpp** team for efficient CPU inference capabilities
- **LLaMA-Factory** for streamlined LoRA fine-tuning framework

## License

This model is released under Apache 2.0 license, consistent with the base SmolLM2 model. You are free to use, modify, and distribute this model for commercial and non-commercial purposes.

## Project

SecInt is part of the **Security Intelligence Monitor v2** project, a comprehensive real-time security monitoring system for web servers. The full system includes:

- Multi-format log ingestion (nginx, Apache, custom)
- AI-powered threat classification
- Threat intelligence enrichment (GeoIP, Shodan)
- Breach detection (7+ detection rules)
- Real-time alerting (Pushover, email, webhooks)
- Interactive dashboard (Streamlit)
- Attack session management
- SQLite-based persistence and analytics

For more information about the full SecInt system, visit: [logwatcher project](https://levidehaan.com/projects)

## Model Card Contact

For questions, issues, or collaboration opportunities:
- **Hugging Face**: [@LeviDeHaan](https://huggingface.co/LeviDeHaan)
- **Model Repository**: [SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx](https://huggingface.co/LeviDeHaan/SecInt-SmolLM2-360M-nginx)
