Support removing invalid utf-8 sequences. (#1648)

sherpa-onnx/csrc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ if(SHERPA_ONNX_ENABLE_TESTS)
     pad-sequence-test.cc
     slice-test.cc
     stack-test.cc
+    text-utils-test.cc
     text2token-test.cc
     transpose-test.cc
     unbind-test.cc

sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-recognizer-impl.cc

@@ -488,6 +488,8 @@ OfflineRecognizerImpl::OfflineRecognizerImpl(
 
 std::string OfflineRecognizerImpl::ApplyInverseTextNormalization(
     std::string text) const {
+  text = RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(text);
+
   if (!itn_list_.empty()) {
     for (const auto &tn : itn_list_) {
       text = tn->Normalize(text);

sherpa-onnx/csrc/online-recognizer-impl.cc

@@ -194,6 +194,8 @@ OnlineRecognizerImpl::OnlineRecognizerImpl(Manager *mgr,
 
 std::string OnlineRecognizerImpl::ApplyInverseTextNormalization(
     std::string text) const {
+  text = RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(text);
+
   if (!itn_list_.empty()) {
     for (const auto &tn : itn_list_) {
       text = tn->Normalize(text);

sherpa-onnx/csrc/text-utils-test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// sherpa-onnx/csrc/text-utils-test.cc
+//
+// Copyright (c)  2024  Xiaomi Corporation
+
+#include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/text-utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace sherpa_onnx {
+
+TEST(RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences, Case1) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> v = {
+      0xe4, 0xbb, 0x8a,                                  // 今
+      0xe5, 0xa4, 0xa9,                                  // 天
+      'i',  's',  ' ',  'M', 'o', 'd', 'a', 'y',  ',',   // is Monday,
+      ' ',  'w',  'i',  'e', ' ', 'h', 'e', 'i',  0xc3,  // wie heißen Size
+      0x9f, 'e',  'n',  ' ', 'S', 'i', 'e', 0xf0, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x81};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> v0 = v;
+  v0[1] = 0xc0;  // make the first 3 bytes an invalid utf8 character
+  std::string s0{v0.begin(), v0.end()};
+  EXPECT_EQ(s0.size(), v0.size());
+
+  auto s = RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(s0);  // should remove 今
+
+  v0 = v;
+  // v0[23] == 0xc3
+  // v0[24] == 0x9f
+
+  v0[23] = 0xc1;
+
+  s0 = {v0.begin(), v0.end()};
+  s = RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(s0);  // should remove ß
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.size() + 2, v.size());
+
+  v0 = v;
+  // v0[31] = 0xf0;
+  // v0[32] = 0x9d;
+  // v0[33] = 0x84;
+  // v0[34] = 0x81;
+  v0[31] = 0xf5;
+
+  s0 = {v0.begin(), v0.end()};
+  s = RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(s0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.size() + 4, v.size());
+}
+
+}  // namespace sherpa_onnx

sherpa-onnx/csrc/text-utils.cc

@@ -396,4 +396,110 @@ void ToLowerCase(std::string *in_out) {
                  [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
 }
 
+static inline bool InRange(uint8_t x, uint8_t low, uint8_t high) {
+  return low <= x && x <= high;
+}
+
+/*
+Please see
+https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6555015/check-for-invalid-utf8
+
+
+Table 3-7. Well-Formed UTF-8 Byte Sequences
+
+Code Points        First Byte Second Byte Third Byte Fourth Byte
+U+0000..U+007F     00..7F
+U+0080..U+07FF     C2..DF     80..BF
+U+0800..U+0FFF     E0         A0..BF      80..BF
+U+1000..U+CFFF     E1..EC     80..BF      80..BF
+U+D000..U+D7FF     ED         80..9F      80..BF
+U+E000..U+FFFF     EE..EF     80..BF      80..BF
+U+10000..U+3FFFF   F0         90..BF      80..BF     80..BF
+U+40000..U+FFFFF   F1..F3     80..BF      80..BF     80..BF
+U+100000..U+10FFFF F4         80..8F      80..BF     80..BF
+ */
+std::string RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(const std::string &text,
+                                       bool show_debug_msg /*= false*/) {
+  int32_t n = static_cast<int32_t>(text.size());
+
+  std::string ans;
+  ans.reserve(n);
+
+  int32_t i = 0;
+  const uint8_t *p = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(text.data());
+  while (i < n) {
+    if (p[i] <= 0x7f) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 1);
+      i += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (InRange(p[i], 0xc2, 0xdf) && i + 1 < n &&
+        InRange(p[i + 1], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 2);
+      i += 2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (p[i] == 0xe0 && i + 2 < n && InRange(p[i + 1], 0xa0, 0xbf) &&
+        InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 3);
+      i += 3;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (InRange(p[i], 0xe1, 0xec) && i + 2 < n &&
+        InRange(p[i + 1], 0x80, 0xbf) && InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 3);
+      i += 3;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (p[i] == 0xed && i + 2 < n && InRange(p[i + 1], 0x80, 0x9f) &&
+        InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 3);
+      i += 3;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (InRange(p[i], 0xee, 0xef) && i + 2 < n &&
+        InRange(p[i + 1], 0x80, 0xbf) && InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 3);
+      i += 3;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (p[i] == 0xf0 && i + 3 < n && InRange(p[i + 1], 0x90, 0xbf) &&
+        InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf) && InRange(p[i + 3], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 4);
+      i += 4;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (InRange(p[i], 0xf1, 0xf3) && i + 3 < n &&
+        InRange(p[i + 1], 0x80, 0xbf) && InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf) &&
+        InRange(p[i + 3], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 4);
+      i += 4;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (p[i] == 0xf4 && i + 3 < n && InRange(p[i + 1], 0x80, 0x8f) &&
+        InRange(p[i + 2], 0x80, 0xbf) && InRange(p[i + 3], 0x80, 0xbf)) {
+      ans.append(text, i, 4);
+      i += 4;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (show_debug_msg) {
+      SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("Ignore invalid utf8 sequence at pos: %d, value: %02x",
+                       i, p[i]);
+    }
+
+    i += 1;
+  }
+
+  return ans;
+}
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx

sherpa-onnx/csrc/text-utils.h

@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ std::vector<std::string> SplitUtf8(const std::string &text);
 std::string ToLowerCase(const std::string &s);
 void ToLowerCase(std::string *in_out);
 
+std::string RemoveInvalidUtf8Sequences(const std::string &text,
+                                       bool show_debug_msg = false);
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
 
 #endif  // SHERPA_ONNX_CSRC_TEXT_UTILS_H_