[HiCache]: Support dynamic loading backends for hicache (#10551)

Co-authored-by: Teng Ma <sima.mt@alibaba-inc.com>

python/sglang/srt/managers/cache_controller.py

@@ -275,49 +275,15 @@ class HiCacheController:
                 and self.storage_config.tp_rank != 0
             )
 
-            if storage_backend == "file":
+            # Use storage backend factory for dynamic backend creation
-                from sglang.srt.mem_cache.hicache_storage import HiCacheFile
+            from sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage import StorageBackendFactory
 
-                self.storage_backend = HiCacheFile(self.storage_config)
+            try:
-            elif storage_backend == "nixl":
+                self.storage_backend = StorageBackendFactory.create_backend(
-                from sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.nixl.hicache_nixl import HiCacheNixl
+                    storage_backend, self.storage_config, self.mem_pool_host
-
-                self.storage_backend = HiCacheNixl()
-            elif storage_backend == "mooncake":
-                from sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.mooncake_store.mooncake_store import (
-                    MooncakeStore,
-                )
-
-                self.storage_backend = MooncakeStore(self.storage_config)
-            elif storage_backend == "aibrix":
-                from sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.aibrix_kvcache.aibrix_kvcache_storage import (
-                    AibrixKVCacheStorage,
-                )
-
-                self.storage_backend = AibrixKVCacheStorage(
-                    self.storage_config, self.mem_pool_host
-                )
-            elif storage_backend == "hf3fs":
-                from sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.hf3fs.storage_hf3fs import (
-                    HiCacheHF3FS,
-                )
-
-                if self.mem_pool_host.layout == "page_first":
-                    bytes_per_page = (
-                        mem_pool_host.get_ksize_per_token() * mem_pool_host.page_size
-                    )
-                elif self.mem_pool_host.layout == "layer_first":
-                    bytes_per_page = (
-                        mem_pool_host.get_size_per_token() * mem_pool_host.page_size
-                    )
-                dtype = mem_pool_host.dtype
-                self.storage_backend = HiCacheHF3FS.from_env_config(
-                    bytes_per_page, dtype, self.storage_config
-                )
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError(
-                    f"Unsupported storage backend: {storage_backend}"
                 )
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to create storage backend: {e}") from e
 
             self.storage_backend.register_mem_pool_host(self.mem_pool_host)
 

python/sglang/srt/mem_cache/storage/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to SGLang project
+
+"""Storage backend module for SGLang HiCache."""
+
+from .backend_factory import StorageBackendFactory
+
+__all__ = [
+    "StorageBackendFactory",
+]

python/sglang/srt/mem_cache/storage/backend_factory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to SGLang project
+
+import importlib
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict
+
+from sglang.srt.mem_cache.hicache_storage import HiCacheStorage, HiCacheStorageConfig
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    pass
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class StorageBackendFactory:
+    """Factory for creating storage backend instances with support for dynamic loading."""
+
+    _registry: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _load_backend_class(
+        module_path: str, class_name: str, backend_name: str
+    ) -> type[HiCacheStorage]:
+        """Load and validate a backend class from module path."""
+        try:
+            module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
+            backend_class = getattr(module, class_name)
+            if not issubclass(backend_class, HiCacheStorage):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Backend class {class_name} must inherit from HiCacheStorage"
+                )
+            return backend_class
+        except ImportError as e:
+            raise ImportError(
+                f"Failed to import backend '{backend_name}' from '{module_path}': {e}"
+            ) from e
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise AttributeError(
+                f"Class '{class_name}' not found in module '{module_path}': {e}"
+            ) from e
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register_backend(cls, name: str, module_path: str, class_name: str) -> None:
+        """Register a storage backend with lazy loading.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Backend identifier
+            module_path: Python module path containing the backend class
+            class_name: Name of the backend class
+        """
+        if name in cls._registry:
+            logger.warning(f"Backend '{name}' is already registered, overwriting")
+
+        def loader() -> type[HiCacheStorage]:
+            """Lazy loader function to import the backend class."""
+            return cls._load_backend_class(module_path, class_name, name)
+
+        cls._registry[name] = {
+            "loader": loader,
+            "module_path": module_path,
+            "class_name": class_name,
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_backend(
+        cls,
+        backend_name: str,
+        storage_config: HiCacheStorageConfig,
+        mem_pool_host: Any,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> HiCacheStorage:
+        """Create a storage backend instance.
+        Args:
+            backend_name: Name of the backend to create
+            storage_config: Storage configuration
+            mem_pool_host: Memory pool host object
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments passed to external backends
+        Returns:
+            Initialized storage backend instance
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If backend is not registered and cannot be dynamically loaded
+            ImportError: If backend module cannot be imported
+            Exception: If backend initialization fails
+        """
+        # First check if backend is already registered
+        if backend_name in cls._registry:
+            registry_entry = cls._registry[backend_name]
+            backend_class = registry_entry["loader"]()
+            logger.info(
+                f"Creating storage backend '{backend_name}' "
+                f"({registry_entry['module_path']}.{registry_entry['class_name']})"
+            )
+            return cls._create_builtin_backend(
+                backend_name, backend_class, storage_config, mem_pool_host
+            )
+
+        # Try to dynamically load backend from extra_config
+        if backend_name == "dynamic" and storage_config.extra_config is not None:
+            backend_config = storage_config.extra_config
+            return cls._create_dynamic_backend(
+                backend_config, storage_config, mem_pool_host, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        # Backend not found
+        available_backends = list(cls._registry.keys())
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown storage backend '{backend_name}'. "
+            f"Registered backends: {available_backends}. "
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _create_dynamic_backend(
+        cls,
+        backend_config: Dict[str, Any],
+        storage_config: HiCacheStorageConfig,
+        mem_pool_host: Any,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> HiCacheStorage:
+        """Create a backend dynamically from configuration."""
+        required_fields = ["backend_name", "module_path", "class_name"]
+        for field in required_fields:
+            if field not in backend_config:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Missing required field '{field}' in backend config for 'dynamic' backend"
+                )
+
+        backend_name = backend_config["backend_name"]
+        module_path = backend_config["module_path"]
+        class_name = backend_config["class_name"]
+
+        try:
+            # Import the backend class
+            backend_class = cls._load_backend_class(
+                module_path, class_name, backend_name
+            )
+
+            logger.info(
+                f"Creating dynamic storage backend '{backend_name}' "
+                f"({module_path}.{class_name})"
+            )
+
+            # Create the backend instance with storage_config
+            return backend_class(storage_config, kwargs)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                f"Failed to create dynamic storage backend '{backend_name}': {e}"
+            )
+            raise
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _create_builtin_backend(
+        cls,
+        backend_name: str,
+        backend_class: type[HiCacheStorage],
+        storage_config: HiCacheStorageConfig,
+        mem_pool_host: Any,
+    ) -> HiCacheStorage:
+        """Create built-in backend with original initialization logic."""
+        if backend_name == "file":
+            return backend_class(storage_config)
+        elif backend_name == "nixl":
+            return backend_class()
+        elif backend_name == "mooncake":
+            backend = backend_class(storage_config)
+            return backend
+        elif backend_name == "aibrix":
+            backend = backend_class(storage_config, mem_pool_host)
+            return backend
+        elif backend_name == "hf3fs":
+            # Calculate bytes_per_page based on memory pool layout
+            if mem_pool_host.layout == "page_first":
+                bytes_per_page = (
+                    mem_pool_host.get_ksize_per_token() * mem_pool_host.page_size
+                )
+            elif mem_pool_host.layout == "layer_first":
+                bytes_per_page = (
+                    mem_pool_host.get_size_per_token() * mem_pool_host.page_size
+                )
+
+            dtype = mem_pool_host.dtype
+            return backend_class.from_env_config(bytes_per_page, dtype, storage_config)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown built-in backend: {backend_name}")
+
+
+# Register built-in storage backends
+StorageBackendFactory.register_backend(
+    "file", "sglang.srt.mem_cache.hicache_storage", "HiCacheFile"
+)
+
+StorageBackendFactory.register_backend(
+    "nixl",
+    "sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.nixl.hicache_nixl",
+    "HiCacheNixl",
+)
+
+StorageBackendFactory.register_backend(
+    "mooncake",
+    "sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.mooncake_store.mooncake_store",
+    "MooncakeStore",
+)
+
+StorageBackendFactory.register_backend(
+    "hf3fs",
+    "sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.hf3fs.storage_hf3fs",
+    "HiCacheHF3FS",
+)
+
+StorageBackendFactory.register_backend(
+    "aibrix",
+    "sglang.srt.mem_cache.storage.aibrix_kvcache.aibrix_kvcache_storage",
+    "AibrixKVCacheStorage",
+)

python/sglang/srt/server_args.py

@@ -2214,9 +2214,12 @@ class ServerArgs:
         parser.add_argument(
             "--hicache-storage-backend",
             type=str,
-            choices=["file", "mooncake", "hf3fs", "nixl", "aibrix"],
+            choices=["file", "mooncake", "hf3fs", "nixl", "aibrix", "dynamic"],
             default=ServerArgs.hicache_storage_backend,
-            help="The storage backend for hierarchical KV cache.",
+            help="The storage backend for hierarchical KV cache. "
+            "Built-in backends: file, mooncake, hf3fs, nixl, aibrix. "
+            "For dynamic backend, use --hicache-storage-backend-extra-config to specify: "
+            "backend_name (custom name), module_path (Python module path), class_name (backend class name).",
         )
         parser.add_argument(
             "--hicache-storage-prefetch-policy",