init src 0.9.2
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vllm/distributed/eplb/eplb_state.py
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432
vllm/distributed/eplb/eplb_state.py
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
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"""
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Expert parallelism load balancer (EPLB) metrics and states.
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# Glossary
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- **Logical Expert**: An expert that is part of the model's logical structure.
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It holds a set of weights and is replicated across multiple physical
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experts.
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- **Redundant Expert**: To achieve load balancing, for some popular logical
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experts, we create additional copies of the expert weights. During inference,
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each of these copies can be routed to by the same set of tokens.
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- **Physical Expert**: An expert that is instantiated on a specific device.
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It is a replica of a logical expert and can be rearranged across devices.
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I.e., one logical expert may have multiple sets of weights initialized on
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different devices, and each of these sets is a physical expert.
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- **Local Physical Expert**: A physical expert that is instantiated on the
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current device.
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For example: DeepSeek-R1 has 256 logical experts, so each MoE layer
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has 256 sets of linear layer weights in the model parameters. If we add 32
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redundant experts, DeepSeek-R1 will have 256 + 32 = 288 physical experts in
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total. And when deploying, we'll have 288 sets of linear layer weights for each
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MoE layer. If we have 32 EP ranks, then each GPU will hold 288 / 32 = 9 local
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physical experts.
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"""
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import time
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from collections.abc import Sequence
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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import torch
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from torch.distributed import all_gather, all_reduce
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from vllm.config import ParallelConfig
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from vllm.distributed.parallel_state import get_ep_group, get_node_count
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from vllm.logger import init_logger
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from vllm.model_executor.models.interfaces import MixtureOfExperts
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from .rebalance_algo import rebalance_experts
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from .rebalance_execute import rearrange_expert_weights_inplace
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logger = init_logger(__name__)
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@dataclass
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class EplbState:
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"""EPLB metrics."""
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physical_to_logical_map: torch.Tensor
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"""
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Mapping from physical experts to logical experts.
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Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_physical_experts)
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# Example
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For a 2-layer MoE model with 6 physical experts and 4 logical experts on 3
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EP ranks, the mapping could look like this:
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```
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[[0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1],
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[0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3]]
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```
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"""
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logical_to_physical_map: torch.Tensor
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"""
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Mapping from logical experts to physical experts.
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This is a sparse matrix, where -1 indicates no mapping.
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Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_logical_experts, num_redundant_experts + 1)
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# Example
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For a 2-layer MoE model with 6 physical experts and 4 logical experts on 3
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EP ranks, the mapping could look like this:
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```
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[[[0, 4, -1],
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[1, 5, -1],
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[2, -1, -1],
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[3, -1, -1]],
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[[0, 2, 4],
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[3, -1, -1],
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[1, -1, -1],
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[5, -1, -1]]]
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```
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"""
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logical_replica_count: torch.Tensor
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"""
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Number of replicas for each logical expert.
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This is exactly the non-`-1` count in the `logical_to_physical_map`.
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Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_logical_experts)
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# Example
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For a 2-layer MoE model with 6 physical experts and 4 logical experts on 3
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EP ranks, the count could look like this:
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```
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[[2, 2, 1, 1],
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[3, 1, 1, 1]]
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"""
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expert_load_pass: torch.Tensor
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"""
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Expert load during this forward pass.
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We use the token count each expert processes as the load.
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Shape: (num_moe_layers, num_local_physical_experts)
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"""
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expert_load_window: torch.Tensor
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"""
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A sliding window of expert load.
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Shape: (window_size, num_moe_layers, num_local_physical_experts)
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"""
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expert_load_window_step: int = 0
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"""
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Current step in the sliding window.
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Different from `expert_rearrangement_step`, each EP rank may have its own
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`expert_load_window_step`.
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"""
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expert_load_window_size: int = 0
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"""
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Size of the expert load sliding window.
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This is a constant and is taken from the config.
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"""
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expert_rearrangement_step: int = 0
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"""
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Steps after last rearrangement.
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Will trigger a rearrangement if it exceeds the threshold.
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NOTE: Keep in mind that all EP ranks need to have the same
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`expert_rearrangement_step` value to ensure synchronization.
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Otherwise, the rearrangement will hang at collective
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communication calls.
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"""
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expert_rearrangement_step_interval: int = 0
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"""
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Interval for expert rearrangement steps.
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This is a constant and is taken from the config.
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"""
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@staticmethod
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def build_initial_global_physical_to_logical_map(
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num_routed_experts: int,
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num_redundant_experts: int,
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) -> Sequence[int]:
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"""
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Build an initial expert arrangement using the following structure:
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[original routed experts, redundant experts]
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Returns:
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physical_to_logical_map (Sequence[int]): A list of integers,
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where each integer is the index of the logical expert
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that the corresponding physical expert maps to.
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"""
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global_physical_to_logical_map = list(range(num_routed_experts))
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global_physical_to_logical_map += [
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i % num_routed_experts for i in range(num_redundant_experts)
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]
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return global_physical_to_logical_map
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@classmethod
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def build(
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cls,
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model: MixtureOfExperts,
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device: torch.device,
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parallel_config: ParallelConfig,
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) -> "EplbState":
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"""
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Build the initial EPLB state.
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"""
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physical_to_logical_map_list = (
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cls.build_initial_global_physical_to_logical_map(
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model.num_routed_experts,
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model.num_redundant_experts,
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))
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physical_to_logical_map = torch.tensor(
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physical_to_logical_map_list,
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device=device,
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)
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logical_to_physical_map = torch.full(
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(model.num_logical_experts, model.num_redundant_experts + 1),
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-1,
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device=device,
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)
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logical_replica_count = torch.zeros(
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(model.num_logical_experts, ),
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device=device,
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dtype=torch.long,
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)
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for i in range(model.num_physical_experts):
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logical_idx = physical_to_logical_map[i]
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logical_to_physical_map[logical_idx,
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logical_replica_count[logical_idx]] = i
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logical_replica_count[logical_idx] += 1
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# Duplicate initial mapping for all layers
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physical_to_logical_map = physical_to_logical_map.unsqueeze(0).expand(
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model.num_moe_layers,
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-1,
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).contiguous()
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logical_to_physical_map = logical_to_physical_map.unsqueeze(0).expand(
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model.num_moe_layers,
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-1,
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-1,
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).contiguous()
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logical_replica_count = logical_replica_count.unsqueeze(0).expand(
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model.num_moe_layers,
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-1,
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).contiguous()
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expert_load_pass = torch.zeros(
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(model.num_moe_layers, model.num_local_physical_experts),
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dtype=torch.int32,
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device=device,
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)
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expert_load_window_size = parallel_config.eplb_window_size
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expert_load_window = torch.zeros(
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(expert_load_window_size, model.num_moe_layers,
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model.num_local_physical_experts),
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dtype=torch.int32,
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device=device,
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)
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# Set the initial progress of rearrangement to 3/4
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eplb_step_interval = parallel_config.eplb_step_interval
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expert_rearrangement_step = max(
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0, eplb_step_interval - eplb_step_interval // 4)
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model.set_eplb_state(
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expert_load_pass,
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logical_to_physical_map,
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logical_replica_count,
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)
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return cls(
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physical_to_logical_map,
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logical_to_physical_map,
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logical_replica_count,
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expert_load_pass,
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expert_load_window,
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expert_load_window_size=expert_load_window_size,
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expert_rearrangement_step=expert_rearrangement_step,
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expert_rearrangement_step_interval=eplb_step_interval,
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)
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def step(self,
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model: MixtureOfExperts,
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is_dummy: bool = False,
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is_profile: bool = False,
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log_stats: bool = False) -> None:
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"""
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Step the EPLB state.
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Args:
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model (MixtureOfExperts): The MoE model.
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is_dummy (bool): If `True`, this is a dummy step and the load
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metrics recorded in this forward pass will not count. Defaults
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to `False`.
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is_profile (bool): If `True`, perform a dummy rearrangement
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with maximum communication cost. This is used in `profile_run`
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to reserve enough memory for the communication buffer.
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log_stats (bool): If `True`, log the expert load metrics.
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# Stats
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The metrics are all summed up across layers.
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- `avg_tokens`: The average load across ranks.
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- `max_tokens`: The maximum load across ranks.
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- `balancedness`: The ratio of average load to maximum load.
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"""
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if is_profile:
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self.rearrange(model, is_profile=True)
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return
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if is_dummy:
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# Do not record load metrics for dummy steps
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self.expert_load_pass.zero_()
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if log_stats:
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# `num_tokens`: (num_moe_layers,)
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num_tokens = self.expert_load_pass.sum(dim=-1)
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# Collect load metrics from all ranks
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ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
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num_tokens_list = [
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torch.empty_like(num_tokens) for _ in range(ep_group.size())
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]
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all_gather(num_tokens_list, num_tokens, group=ep_group)
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# Stack to get (num_ranks, num_moe_layers)
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num_tokens_per_rank = torch.stack(num_tokens_list).float()
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# Compute balancedness ratio:
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# for each layer:
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# (mean load across ranks) / (max load across ranks)
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avg_tokens_tensor = num_tokens_per_rank.mean(dim=0).sum(dim=0)
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max_tokens_tensor = num_tokens_per_rank.max(dim=0).values.sum(
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dim=0)
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# Just to make type checker happy
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tokens_tensors: list[float] = torch.stack(
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[avg_tokens_tensor, max_tokens_tensor]).tolist()
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avg_tokens, max_tokens = tokens_tensors
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balancedness = avg_tokens / max_tokens if max_tokens > 0 else 0.0
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if ep_group.rank() == 0:
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logger.info(
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"EPLB step: avg_tokens=%.2f, max_tokens=%d, "
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"balancedness=%.4f", avg_tokens, max_tokens, balancedness)
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# Update the expert load sliding window
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if not is_dummy:
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self.expert_load_window[self.expert_load_window_step] = (
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self.expert_load_pass.clone())
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self.expert_load_window_step += 1
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if self.expert_load_window_step >= self.expert_load_window_size:
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self.expert_load_window_step = 0
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self.expert_load_pass.zero_()
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# Step the expert rearrangement step
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# Note that even if this is a dummy step, we still increment the
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# rearrangement step and perform rearrangement to ensure all ranks are
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# performing collective communication.
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self.expert_rearrangement_step += 1
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if (self.expert_rearrangement_step
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>= self.expert_rearrangement_step_interval):
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self.expert_rearrangement_step = 0
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self.rearrange(model)
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def rearrange(self,
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model: MixtureOfExperts,
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is_profile: bool = False) -> None:
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"""
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Rearrange the experts according to the current load.
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"""
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ep_group = get_ep_group().device_group
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ep_rank = ep_group.rank()
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time_start = None
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is_main_rank = ep_rank == 0
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if is_main_rank:
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torch.cuda.synchronize()
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time_start = time.perf_counter()
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logger.info("Rearranging experts %s...",
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"(profile)" if is_profile else "")
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# This mapping is only used here, so we do not store it in the state
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physical_expert_start = ep_rank * model.num_local_physical_experts
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physical_expert_end = (physical_expert_start +
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model.num_local_physical_experts)
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# (num_moe_layers, num_local_physical_experts)
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local_physical_to_logical_map = self.physical_to_logical_map[
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:,
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physical_expert_start:physical_expert_end,
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]
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# Map the local physical expert load to global logical experts
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logical_expert_load_window = torch.zeros(
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self.expert_load_window_size,
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model.num_moe_layers,
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model.num_logical_experts,
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dtype=self.expert_load_window.dtype,
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device=self.expert_load_window.device,
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)
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logical_expert_load_window.scatter_add_(
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dim=-1,
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index=local_physical_to_logical_map.unsqueeze(0).expand_as(
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self.expert_load_window).long(),
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src=self.expert_load_window,
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)
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# Perform all-reduce to get the expert load across all ranks
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global_expert_load_window = logical_expert_load_window.sum(dim=0)
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all_reduce(global_expert_load_window, group=ep_group)
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# TODO(bowen): Treat differently for prefill and decode nodes
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num_replicas = model.num_physical_experts
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num_groups = model.num_expert_groups
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num_nodes = get_node_count()
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num_gpus = ep_group.size()
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if num_gpus % num_nodes != 0:
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logger.warning_once(
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f"num_gpus % num_nodes != 0, "
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"not using hierarchical rearrangement algorithm.\n"
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f"{num_gpus=}, {num_nodes=}")
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# Get new expert mappings
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(
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new_physical_to_logical_map,
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new_logical_to_physical_map,
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new_logical_replica_count,
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) = (rebalance_experts(
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global_expert_load_window,
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num_replicas,
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num_groups,
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num_nodes,
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num_gpus,
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))
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# Update expert weights
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rearrange_expert_weights_inplace(
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self.physical_to_logical_map,
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new_physical_to_logical_map,
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model.expert_weights,
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ep_group,
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is_profile,
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)
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if not is_profile:
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self.physical_to_logical_map.copy_(new_physical_to_logical_map)
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self.logical_to_physical_map.copy_(new_logical_to_physical_map)
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self.logical_replica_count.copy_(new_logical_replica_count)
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if is_main_rank:
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assert time_start is not None
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torch.cuda.synchronize()
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time_end = time.perf_counter()
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logger.info(
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"Rearranged experts%sin %.2f seconds.",
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" (profile) " if is_profile else " ",
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time_end - time_start,
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)
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