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transformers/docs/source/zh/main_classes/processors.md
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# Processors
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在 Transformers 库中,processors可以有两种不同的含义:
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- 为多模态模型,例如[Wav2Vec2](../model_doc/wav2vec2)(语音和文本)或[CLIP](../model_doc/clip)(文本和视觉)预处理输入的对象
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- 在库的旧版本中用于预处理GLUE或SQUAD数据的已弃用对象。
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## 多模态processors
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任何多模态模型都需要一个对象来编码或解码将多个模态(包括文本、视觉和音频)组合在一起的数据。这由称为processors的对象处理,这些processors将两个或多个处理对象组合在一起,例如tokenizers(用于文本模态),image processors(用于视觉)和feature extractors(用于音频)。
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这些processors继承自以下实现保存和加载功能的基类:
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[[autodoc]] ProcessorMixin
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## 已弃用的processors
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所有processor都遵循与 [`~data.processors.utils.DataProcessor`] 相同的架构。processor返回一个 [`~data.processors.utils.InputExample`] 列表。这些 [`~data.processors.utils.InputExample`] 可以转换为 [`~data.processors.utils.InputFeatures`] 以供输送到模型。
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[[autodoc]] data.processors.utils.DataProcessor
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[[autodoc]] data.processors.utils.InputExample
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[[autodoc]] data.processors.utils.InputFeatures
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## GLUE
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[General Language Understanding Evaluation (GLUE)](https://gluebenchmark.com/) 是一个基准测试,评估模型在各种现有的自然语言理解任务上的性能。它与论文 [GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=rJ4km2R5t7) 一同发布。
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该库为以下任务提供了总共10个processor:MRPC、MNLI、MNLI(mismatched)、CoLA、SST2、STSB、QQP、QNLI、RTE 和 WNLI。
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这些processor是:
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- [`~data.processors.utils.MrpcProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.MnliProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.MnliMismatchedProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.Sst2Processor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.StsbProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.QqpProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.QnliProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.RteProcessor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.WnliProcessor`]
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此外,还可以使用以下方法从数据文件加载值并将其转换为 [`~data.processors.utils.InputExample`] 列表。
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[[autodoc]] data.processors.glue.glue_convert_examples_to_features
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## XNLI
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[跨语言NLI语料库(XNLI)](https://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/xnli/) 是一个评估跨语言文本表示质量的基准测试。XNLI是一个基于[*MultiNLI*](http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/)的众包数据集:”文本对“被标记为包含15种不同语言(包括英语等高资源语言和斯瓦希里语等低资源语言)的文本蕴涵注释。
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它与论文 [XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representations](https://huggingface.co/papers/1809.05053) 一同发布。
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该库提供了加载XNLI数据的processor:
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- [`~data.processors.utils.XnliProcessor`]
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请注意,由于测试集上有“gold”标签,因此评估是在测试集上进行的。
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使用这些processor的示例在 [run_xnli.py](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/pytorch/text-classification/run_xnli.py) 脚本中提供。
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## SQuAD
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[斯坦福问答数据集(SQuAD)](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer//) 是一个评估模型在问答上性能的基准测试。有两个版本,v1.1 和 v2.0。第一个版本(v1.1)与论文 [SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text](https://huggingface.co/papers/1606.05250) 一同发布。第二个版本(v2.0)与论文 [Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD](https://huggingface.co/papers/1806.03822) 一同发布。
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该库为两个版本各自提供了一个processor:
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### Processors
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这两个processor是:
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- [`~data.processors.utils.SquadV1Processor`]
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- [`~data.processors.utils.SquadV2Processor`]
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它们都继承自抽象类 [`~data.processors.utils.SquadProcessor`]。
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[[autodoc]] data.processors.squad.SquadProcessor
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- all
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此外,可以使用以下方法将 SQuAD 示例转换为可用作模型输入的 [`~data.processors.utils.SquadFeatures`]。
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[[autodoc]] data.processors.squad.squad_convert_examples_to_features
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这些processor以及前面提到的方法可以与包含数据的文件以及tensorflow_datasets包一起使用。下面给出了示例。
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### Example使用
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以下是使用processor以及使用数据文件的转换方法的示例:
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```python
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# Loading a V2 processor
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processor = SquadV2Processor()
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examples = processor.get_dev_examples(squad_v2_data_dir)
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# Loading a V1 processor
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processor = SquadV1Processor()
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examples = processor.get_dev_examples(squad_v1_data_dir)
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features = squad_convert_examples_to_features(
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examples=examples,
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tokenizer=tokenizer,
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max_seq_length=max_seq_length,
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doc_stride=args.doc_stride,
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max_query_length=max_query_length,
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is_training=not evaluate,
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)
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```
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使用 *tensorflow_datasets* 就像使用数据文件一样简单:
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```python
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# tensorflow_datasets only handle Squad V1.
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tfds_examples = tfds.load("squad")
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examples = SquadV1Processor().get_examples_from_dataset(tfds_examples, evaluate=evaluate)
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features = squad_convert_examples_to_features(
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examples=examples,
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tokenizer=tokenizer,
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max_seq_length=max_seq_length,
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doc_stride=args.doc_stride,
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max_query_length=max_query_length,
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is_training=not evaluate,
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)
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```
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另一个使用这些processor的示例在 [run_squad.py](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/legacy/question-answering/run_squad.py) 脚本中提供。
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