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# Utilities for `FeatureExtractors`
This page lists all the utility functions that can be used by the audio [`FeatureExtractor`] in order to compute special features from a raw audio using common algorithms such as *Short Time Fourier Transform* or *log mel spectrogram*.
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the audio processors in the library.
## Audio Transformations
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.hertz_to_mel
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.mel_to_hertz
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.mel_filter_bank
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.optimal_fft_length
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.window_function
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.spectrogram
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.power_to_db
[[autodoc]] audio_utils.amplitude_to_db

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<!--Copyright 2021 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be
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# General Utilities
This page lists all of Transformers general utility functions that are found in the file `utils.py`.
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the general code in the library.
## Enums and namedtuples
[[autodoc]] utils.ExplicitEnum
[[autodoc]] utils.PaddingStrategy
[[autodoc]] utils.TensorType
## Special Decorators
[[autodoc]] utils.add_start_docstrings
[[autodoc]] utils.add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward
[[autodoc]] utils.add_end_docstrings
[[autodoc]] utils.add_code_sample_docstrings
[[autodoc]] utils.replace_return_docstrings
## Other Utilities
[[autodoc]] utils._LazyModule
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.infer_device

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<!--Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be
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# Utilities for Generation
This page lists all the utility functions used by [`~generation.GenerationMixin.generate`].
## Generate Outputs
The output of [`~generation.GenerationMixin.generate`] is an instance of a subclass of
[`~utils.ModelOutput`]. This output is a data structure containing all the information returned
by [`~generation.GenerationMixin.generate`], but that can also be used as tuple or dictionary.
Here's an example:
```python
from transformers import GPT2Tokenizer, GPT2LMHeadModel
tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained("openai-community/gpt2")
model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained("openai-community/gpt2")
inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute and ", return_tensors="pt")
generation_output = model.generate(**inputs, return_dict_in_generate=True, output_scores=True)
```
The `generation_output` object is a [`~generation.GenerateDecoderOnlyOutput`], as we can
see in the documentation of that class below, it means it has the following attributes:
- `sequences`: the generated sequences of tokens
- `scores` (optional): the prediction scores of the language modelling head, for each generation step
- `hidden_states` (optional): the hidden states of the model, for each generation step
- `attentions` (optional): the attention weights of the model, for each generation step
Here we have the `scores` since we passed along `output_scores=True`, but we don't have `hidden_states` and
`attentions` because we didn't pass `output_hidden_states=True` or `output_attentions=True`.
You can access each attribute as you would usually do, and if that attribute has not been returned by the model, you
will get `None`. Here for instance `generation_output.scores` are all the generated prediction scores of the
language modeling head, and `generation_output.attentions` is `None`.
When using our `generation_output` object as a tuple, it only keeps the attributes that don't have `None` values.
Here, for instance, it has two elements, `loss` then `logits`, so
```python
generation_output[:2]
```
will return the tuple `(generation_output.sequences, generation_output.scores)` for instance.
When using our `generation_output` object as a dictionary, it only keeps the attributes that don't have `None`
values. Here, for instance, it has two keys that are `sequences` and `scores`.
We document here all output types.
[[autodoc]] generation.GenerateDecoderOnlyOutput
[[autodoc]] generation.GenerateEncoderDecoderOutput
[[autodoc]] generation.GenerateBeamDecoderOnlyOutput
[[autodoc]] generation.GenerateBeamEncoderDecoderOutput
## LogitsProcessor
A [`LogitsProcessor`] can be used to modify the prediction scores of a language model head for
generation.
[[autodoc]] AlternatingCodebooksLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] ClassifierFreeGuidanceLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] EncoderNoRepeatNGramLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] EncoderRepetitionPenaltyLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] EpsilonLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] EtaLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] ExponentialDecayLengthPenalty
- __call__
[[autodoc]] ForcedBOSTokenLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] ForcedEOSTokenLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] InfNanRemoveLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] LogitNormalization
- __call__
[[autodoc]] LogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] LogitsProcessorList
- __call__
[[autodoc]] MinLengthLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] MinNewTokensLengthLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] MinPLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] NoBadWordsLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] NoRepeatNGramLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] PrefixConstrainedLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] RepetitionPenaltyLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] SequenceBiasLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] SuppressTokensAtBeginLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] SuppressTokensLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] SynthIDTextWatermarkLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] TemperatureLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] TopKLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] TopPLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] TypicalLogitsWarper
- __call__
[[autodoc]] UnbatchedClassifierFreeGuidanceLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] WhisperTimeStampLogitsProcessor
- __call__
[[autodoc]] WatermarkLogitsProcessor
- __call__
## StoppingCriteria
A [`StoppingCriteria`] can be used to change when to stop generation (other than EOS token). Please note that this is exclusively available to our PyTorch implementations.
[[autodoc]] StoppingCriteria
- __call__
[[autodoc]] StoppingCriteriaList
- __call__
[[autodoc]] MaxLengthCriteria
- __call__
[[autodoc]] MaxTimeCriteria
- __call__
[[autodoc]] StopStringCriteria
- __call__
[[autodoc]] EosTokenCriteria
- __call__
## Constraints
A [`Constraint`] can be used to force the generation to include specific tokens or sequences in the output. Please note that this is exclusively available to our PyTorch implementations.
[[autodoc]] Constraint
[[autodoc]] PhrasalConstraint
[[autodoc]] DisjunctiveConstraint
[[autodoc]] ConstraintListState
## BeamSearch
[[autodoc]] BeamScorer
- process
- finalize
[[autodoc]] ConstrainedBeamSearchScorer
- process
- finalize
## Streamers
[[autodoc]] TextStreamer
[[autodoc]] TextIteratorStreamer
[[autodoc]] AsyncTextIteratorStreamer
## Caches
[[autodoc]] CacheLayerMixin
- update
- get_seq_length
- get_mask_sizes
- get_max_cache_shape
- reset
- reorder_cache
- lazy_initialization
[[autodoc]] DynamicLayer
- update
- lazy_initialization
- crop
- batch_repeat_interleave
- batch_select_indices
[[autodoc]] StaticLayer
- update
- lazy_initialization
[[autodoc]] StaticSlidingWindowLayer
- update
- lazy_initialization
[[autodoc]] QuantoQuantizedLayer
- update
- lazy_initialization
[[autodoc]] HQQQuantizedLayer
- update
- lazy_initialization
[[autodoc]] Cache
- update
- early_initialization
- get_seq_length
- get_mask_sizes
- get_max_cache_shape
- reset
- reorder_cache
- crop
- batch_repeat_interleave
- batch_select_indices
[[autodoc]] DynamicCache
- to_legacy_cache
- from_legacy_cache
[[autodoc]] QuantizedCache
[[autodoc]] QuantoQuantizedCache
[[autodoc]] HQQQuantizedCache
[[autodoc]] OffloadedCache
[[autodoc]] StaticCache
[[autodoc]] OffloadedStaticCache
[[autodoc]] HybridCache
[[autodoc]] HybridChunkedCache
[[autodoc]] SlidingWindowCache
[[autodoc]] EncoderDecoderCache
- to_legacy_cache
- from_legacy_cache
## Watermark Utils
[[autodoc]] WatermarkingConfig
- __call__
[[autodoc]] WatermarkDetector
- __call__
[[autodoc]] BayesianDetectorConfig
[[autodoc]] BayesianDetectorModel
- forward
[[autodoc]] SynthIDTextWatermarkingConfig
[[autodoc]] SynthIDTextWatermarkDetector
- __call__
## Compile Utils
[[autodoc]] CompileConfig
- __call__

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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
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# Utilities for Image Processors
This page lists all the utility functions used by the image processors, mainly the functional
transformations used to process the images.
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the image processors in the library.
## Image Transformations
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.center_crop
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.center_to_corners_format
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.corners_to_center_format
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.id_to_rgb
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.normalize
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.pad
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.rgb_to_id
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.rescale
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.resize
[[autodoc]] image_transforms.to_pil_image
## ImageProcessingMixin
[[autodoc]] image_processing_utils.ImageProcessingMixin

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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
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# Import Utilities
This page goes through the transformers utilities to enable lazy and fast object import.
While we strive for minimal dependencies, some models have specific dependencies requirements that cannot be
worked around. We don't want for all users of `transformers` to have to install those dependencies to use other models,
we therefore mark those as soft dependencies rather than hard dependencies.
The transformers toolkit is not made to error-out on import of a model that has a specific dependency; instead, an
object for which you are lacking a dependency will error-out when calling any method on it. As an example, if
`torchvision` isn't installed, the fast image processors will not be available.
This object is still importable:
```python
>>> from transformers import DetrImageProcessorFast
>>> print(DetrImageProcessorFast)
<class 'DetrImageProcessorFast'>
```
However, no method can be called on that object:
```python
>>> DetrImageProcessorFast.from_pretrained()
ImportError:
DetrImageProcessorFast requires the Torchvision library but it was not found in your environment. Check out the instructions on the
installation page: https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/ and follow the ones that match your environment.
Please note that you may need to restart your runtime after installation.
```
Let's see how to specify specific object dependencies.
## Specifying Object Dependencies
### Filename-based
All objects under a given filename have an automatic dependency to the tool linked to the filename
**PyTorch**: All files starting with `modeling_` have an automatic PyTorch dependency
**Tokenizers**: All files starting with `tokenization_` and ending with `_fast` have an automatic `tokenizers` dependency
**Vision**: All files starting with `image_processing_` have an automatic dependency to the `vision` dependency group;
at the time of writing, this only contains the `pillow` dependency.
**Vision + Torch + Torchvision**: All files starting with `image_processing_` and ending with `_fast` have an automatic
dependency to `vision`, `torch`, and `torchvision`.
All of these automatic dependencies are added on top of the explicit dependencies that are detailed below.
### Explicit Object Dependencies
We add a method called `requires` that is used to explicitly specify the dependencies of a given object. As an
example, the `Trainer` class has two hard dependencies: `torch` and `accelerate`. Here is how we specify these
required dependencies:
```python
from .utils.import_utils import requires
@requires(backends=("torch", "accelerate"))
class Trainer:
...
```
Backends that can be added here are all the backends that are available in the `import_utils.py` module.
Additionally, specific versions can be specified in each backend. For example, this is how you would specify
a requirement on torch>=2.6 on the `Trainer` class:
```python
from .utils.import_utils import requires
@requires(backends=("torch>=2.6", "accelerate"))
class Trainer:
...
```
You can specify the following operators: `==`, `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`, `!=`.
## Methods
[[autodoc]] utils.import_utils.define_import_structure
[[autodoc]] utils.import_utils.requires

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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
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# Model debugging toolboxes
This page lists all the debugging and model adding tools used by the library, as well as the utility functions it
provides for it.
Most of those are only useful if you are adding new models in the library.
## Model addition debuggers
### Model addition debugger - context manager for model adders
This context manager is a power user tool intended for model adders. It tracks all forward calls within a model forward
and logs a slice of each input and output on a nested JSON. To note, this context manager enforces `torch.no_grad()`.
### Rationale
When porting models to transformers, even from python to python, model adders often have to do a lot of manual
operations, involving saving and loading tensors, comparing dtypes, etc. This small tool can hopefully shave off some
time.
### Usage
Add this context manager as follows to debug a model:
```python
import torch
from PIL import Image
import requests
from transformers import LlavaProcessor, LlavaForConditionalGeneration
from transformers.model_debugging_utils import model_addition_debugger_context
torch.random.manual_seed(673)
# load pretrained model and processor
model_id = "llava-hf/llava-1.5-7b-hf"
processor = LlavaProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = LlavaForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(model_id)
# create random image input
random_image = Image.fromarray(torch.randint(0, 256, (224, 224, 3), dtype=torch.uint8).numpy())
# prompt
prompt = "<image>Describe this image."
# process inputs
inputs = processor(text=prompt, images=random_image, return_tensors="pt")
# call forward method (not .generate!)
with model_addition_debugger_context(
model,
debug_path="optional_path_to_your_directory",
do_prune_layers=False # This will output ALL the layers of a model.
):
output = model.forward(**inputs)
```
### Reading results
The debugger generates two files from the forward call, both with the same base name, but ending either with
`_SUMMARY.json` or with `_FULL_TENSORS.json`.
The first one will contain a summary of each module's _input_ and _output_ tensor values and shapes.
```json
{
"module_path": "MolmoForConditionalGeneration",
"inputs": {
"args": [],
"kwargs": {
"input_ids": {
"shape": "torch.Size([1, 589])",
"dtype": "torch.int64"
},
"attention_mask": {
"shape": "torch.Size([1, 589])",
"dtype": "torch.int64"
},
"pixel_values": {
"shape": "torch.Size([1, 5, 576, 588])",
"dtype": "torch.float32",
"mean": "tensor(-8.9514e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"std": "tensor(9.2586e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"min": "tensor(-1.7923e+00, device='cuda:0')",
"max": "tensor(1.8899e+00, device='cuda:0')"
}
},
"children": [
{
"module_path": "MolmoForConditionalGeneration.language_model.model.embed_tokens",
"inputs": {
"args": [
{
"shape": "torch.Size([1, 589])",
"dtype": "torch.int64"
}
]
},
"outputs": {
"shape": "torch.Size([1, 589, 3584])",
"dtype": "torch.float32",
"mean": "tensor(6.5460e-06, device='cuda:0')",
"std": "tensor(2.3807e-02, device='cuda:0')",
"min": "tensor(-3.3398e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"max": "tensor(3.9453e-01, device='cuda:0')"
}
},
{
"module_path": "MolmoForConditionalGeneration.vision_tower",
"inputs": {
"args": [
{
"shape": "torch.Size([5, 1, 576, 588])",
"dtype": "torch.float32",
"mean": "tensor(-8.9514e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"std": "tensor(9.2586e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"min": "tensor(-1.7923e+00, device='cuda:0')",
"max": "tensor(1.8899e+00, device='cuda:0')"
}
],
"kwargs": {
"output_hidden_states": "True"
}
},
"children": [
{ ... and so on
```
The `_FULL_TENSORS.json` file will display a full view of all tensors, which is useful for comparing two files.
```json
"pixel_values": {
"shape": "torch.Size([1, 5, 576, 588])",
"dtype": "torch.float32",
"value": [
"tensor([[[[-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" ...,",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00]],",
"",
" [[-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" ...,",
" [-1.4857e+00, -1.4820e+00, -1.2100e+00, ..., -6.0979e-01, -5.9650e-01, -3.8527e-01],",
" [-1.6755e+00, -1.7221e+00, -1.4518e+00, ..., -7.5577e-01, -7.4658e-01, -5.5592e-01],",
" [-7.9957e-01, -8.2162e-01, -5.7014e-01, ..., -1.3689e+00, -1.3169e+00, -1.0678e+00]],",
"",
" [[-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" ...,",
" [-3.0322e-01, -5.0645e-01, -5.8436e-01, ..., -6.2439e-01, -7.9160e-01, -8.1188e-01],",
" [-4.4921e-01, -6.5653e-01, -7.2656e-01, ..., -3.4702e-01, -5.2146e-01, -5.1326e-01],",
" [-3.4702e-01, -5.3647e-01, -5.4170e-01, ..., -1.0915e+00, -1.1968e+00, -1.0252e+00]],",
"",
" [[-1.1207e+00, -1.2718e+00, -1.0678e+00, ..., 1.2013e-01, -1.3126e-01, -1.7197e-01],",
" [-6.9738e-01, -9.1166e-01, -8.5454e-01, ..., -5.5050e-02, -2.8134e-01, -4.2793e-01],",
" [-3.4702e-01, -5.5148e-01, -5.8436e-01, ..., 1.9312e-01, -8.6235e-02, -2.1463e-01],",
" ...,",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00]],",
"",
" [[-1.0039e+00, -9.5669e-01, -6.5546e-01, ..., -1.4711e+00, -1.4219e+00, -1.1389e+00],",
" [-1.0039e+00, -9.5669e-01, -6.5546e-01, ..., -1.7193e+00, -1.6771e+00, -1.4091e+00],",
" [-1.6317e+00, -1.6020e+00, -1.2669e+00, ..., -1.2667e+00, -1.2268e+00, -8.9720e-01],",
" ...,",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00],",
" [-1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00, ..., -1.7923e+00, -1.7521e+00, -1.4802e+00]]]], device='cuda:0')"
],
"mean": "tensor(-8.9514e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"std": "tensor(9.2586e-01, device='cuda:0')",
"min": "tensor(-1.7923e+00, device='cuda:0')",
"max": "tensor(1.8899e+00, device='cuda:0')"
},
```
#### Saving tensors to disk
Some model adders may benefit from logging full tensor values to disk to support, for example, numerical analysis
across implementations.
Set `use_repr=False` to write tensors to disk using [SafeTensors](https://huggingface.co/docs/safetensors/en/index).
```python
with model_addition_debugger_context(
model,
debug_path="optional_path_to_your_directory",
do_prune_layers=False,
use_repr=False, # Defaults to True
):
output = model.forward(**inputs)
```
When using `use_repr=False`, tensors are written to the same disk location as the `_SUMMARY.json` and
`_FULL_TENSORS.json` files. The `value` property of entries in the `_FULL_TENSORS.json` file will contain a relative
path reference to the associated `.safetensors` file. Each tensor is written to its own file as the `data` property of
the state dictionary. File names are constructed using the `module_path` as a prefix with a few possible postfixes that
are built recursively.
* Module inputs are denoted with the `_inputs` and outputs by `_outputs`.
* `list` and `tuple` instances, such as `args` or function return values, will be postfixed with `_{index}`.
* `dict` instances will be postfixed with `_{key}`.
### Comparing between implementations
Once the forward passes of two models have been traced by the debugger, one can compare the `json` output files. See
below: we can see slight differences between these two implementations' key projection layer. Inputs are mostly
identical, but not quite. Looking through the file differences makes it easier to pinpoint which layer is wrong.
![download-icon](https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/transformers/files_difference_debugging.png)
### Limitations and scope
This feature will only work for torch-based models. Models relying heavily on external kernel calls may work, but trace will
probably miss some things. Regardless, any python implementation that aims at mimicking another implementation can be
traced once instead of reran N times with breakpoints.
If you pass `do_prune_layers=False` to your model debugger, ALL the layers will be outputted to `json`. Else, only the
first and last layer will be shown. This is useful when some layers (typically cross-attention) appear only after N
layers.
[[autodoc]] model_addition_debugger_context
## Analyzer of skipped tests
### Scan skipped tests - for model adders and maintainers
This small util is a power user tool intended for model adders and maintainers. It lists all test methods
existing in `test_modeling_common.py`, inherited by all model tester classes, and scans the repository to measure
how many tests are being skipped and for which models.
### Rationale
When porting models to transformers, tests fail as they should, and sometimes `test_modeling_common` feels irreconcilable with the peculiarities of our brand new model. But how can we be sure we're not breaking everything by adding a seemingly innocent skip?
This utility:
- scans all test_modeling_common methods
- looks for times where a method is skipped
- returns a summary json you can load as a DataFrame/inspect
**For instance test_inputs_embeds is skipped in a whooping 39% proportion at the time of writing this util.**
![download-icon](https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/f7f671f69b88ce4967e19179172c248958d35742/transformers/tests_skipped_visualisation.png)
### Usage
You can run the skipped test analyzer in two ways:
#### Full scan (default)
From the root of `transformers` repo, scans all common test methods and outputs the results to a JSON file (default: `all_tests_scan_result.json`).
```bash
python utils/scan_skipped_tests.py --output_dir path/to/output
```
- `--output_dir` (optional): Directory where the JSON results will be saved. Defaults to the current directory.
**Example output:**
```text
🔬 Parsing 331 model test files once each...
📝 Aggregating 224 tests...
(224/224) test_update_candidate_strategy_with_matches_1es_3d_is_nonecodet_schedule_fa_kwargs
✅ Scan complete.
📄 JSON saved to /home/pablo/git/transformers/all_tests_scan_result.json
```
And it will generate `all_tests_scan_result.json` file that you can inspect. The JSON is indexed by method name, and each entry follows this schema, indicating the origin as well (from `common`or `GenerationMixin`.)
```json
{
"<method_name>": {
"origin": "<test suite>"
"models_ran": ["<model_name>", ...],
"models_skipped": ["<model_name>", ...],
"skipped_proportion": <float>,
"reasons_skipped": ["<model_name>: <reason>",
...
]
},
...
}
```
Which you can visualise as above with e.g. `pandas`
```python
df = pd.read_json('all_tests_scan_result.json').T
df.sort_values(by=['skipped_proportion'], ascending=False)
```
### Scan a single test method
You can focus on a specific test method using `--test_method_name`:
```bash
$ python utils/scan_skipped_tests.py --test_method_name test_inputs_embeds --output_dir path/to/output
```
- `--test_method_name`: Name of the test method to scan (e.g., `test_inputs_embeds`).
- `--output_dir` (optional): Directory where the JSON result will be saved.
**Example output:**
```bash
$ python utils/scan_skipped_tests.py --test_method_name test_inputs_embeds
🔬 Parsing 331 model test files once each...
== test_inputs_embeds ==
Ran : 199/323
Skipped : 124/323 (38.4%)
- aimv2: Aimv2 does not use inputs_embeds
- align: Inputs_embeds is tested in individual model tests
- altclip: Inputs_embeds is tested in individual model tests
- audio_spectrogram_transformer: AST does not use inputs_embeds
- beit: BEiT does not use inputs_embeds
- bit: Bit does not use inputs_embeds
- blip: Blip does not use inputs_embeds
- blip_2: Inputs_embeds is tested in individual model tests
- bridgetower:
- canine: CANINE does not have a get_input_embeddings() method.
- ...
📄 JSON saved to /home/pablo/git/transformers/scan_test_inputs_embeds.json
```

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<!--Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
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# Custom Layers and Utilities
This page lists all the custom layers used by the library, as well as the utility functions and classes it provides for modeling.
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the models in the library.
## Layers
[[autodoc]] GradientCheckpointingLayer
## Attention Functions
[[autodoc]] AttentionInterface
- register
## Attention Mask Functions
[[autodoc]] AttentionMaskInterface
- register
## Rotary Position Embedding Functions
[[autodoc]] dynamic_rope_update
## Pytorch custom modules
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.Conv1D
## PyTorch Helper Functions
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.apply_chunking_to_forward
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.find_pruneable_heads_and_indices
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.prune_layer
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.prune_conv1d_layer
[[autodoc]] pytorch_utils.prune_linear_layer

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<!--Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be
rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
-->
# Utilities for pipelines
This page lists all the utility functions the library provides for pipelines.
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the models in the library.
## Argument handling
[[autodoc]] pipelines.ArgumentHandler
[[autodoc]] pipelines.ZeroShotClassificationArgumentHandler
[[autodoc]] pipelines.QuestionAnsweringArgumentHandler
## Data format
[[autodoc]] pipelines.PipelineDataFormat
[[autodoc]] pipelines.CsvPipelineDataFormat
[[autodoc]] pipelines.JsonPipelineDataFormat
[[autodoc]] pipelines.PipedPipelineDataFormat
## Utilities
[[autodoc]] pipelines.PipelineException

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<!--Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be
rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
-->
# Time Series Utilities
This page lists all the utility functions and classes that can be used for Time Series based models.
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the time series models or you wish to add to the collection of distributional output classes.
## Distributional Output
[[autodoc]] time_series_utils.NormalOutput
[[autodoc]] time_series_utils.StudentTOutput
[[autodoc]] time_series_utils.NegativeBinomialOutput

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<!--Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be
rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
-->
# Utilities for Tokenizers
This page lists all the utility functions used by the tokenizers, mainly the class
[`~tokenization_utils_base.PreTrainedTokenizerBase`] that implements the common methods between
[`PreTrainedTokenizer`] and [`PreTrainedTokenizerFast`] and the mixin
[`~tokenization_utils_base.SpecialTokensMixin`].
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the tokenizers in the library.
## PreTrainedTokenizerBase
[[autodoc]] tokenization_utils_base.PreTrainedTokenizerBase
- __call__
- all
## SpecialTokensMixin
[[autodoc]] tokenization_utils_base.SpecialTokensMixin
## Enums and namedtuples
[[autodoc]] tokenization_utils_base.TruncationStrategy
[[autodoc]] tokenization_utils_base.CharSpan
[[autodoc]] tokenization_utils_base.TokenSpan

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<!--Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be
rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
-->
# Utilities for Trainer
This page lists all the utility functions used by [`Trainer`].
Most of those are only useful if you are studying the code of the Trainer in the library.
## Utilities
[[autodoc]] EvalPrediction
[[autodoc]] IntervalStrategy
[[autodoc]] enable_full_determinism
[[autodoc]] set_seed
[[autodoc]] torch_distributed_zero_first
## Callbacks internals
[[autodoc]] trainer_callback.CallbackHandler
## Distributed Evaluation
[[autodoc]] trainer_pt_utils.DistributedTensorGatherer
## Trainer Argument Parser
[[autodoc]] HfArgumentParser
## Debug Utilities
[[autodoc]] debug_utils.DebugUnderflowOverflow