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Model: DipaHealth/DipaMed-1
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---
license: llama3.1
base_model: meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B
language:
- en
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- medical
- clinical
- nigeria
- healthcare
- africa
- llama
- global-health
---
# DipaMed-1
**A language model specialised on Nigerian clinical guidelines.**
DipaMed-1 adapts Meta's Llama-3.1-8B to Nigerian medicine, grounded in Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) clinical guidelines. It is built to give locally-appropriate clinical guidance that reflects Nigerian disease priorities, the Nigerian Essential Medicines List, and national treatment protocols.
- **Developed by:** Destiny Ebhodaghe Ibhate (DipaHealth)
- **Base model:** meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B
- **Language:** English
- **License:** Llama 3.1 Community License
> **Intended use:** clinical decision *support* for trained health workers. DipaMed-1 is **not** an autonomous diagnostic system and must not be used to make patient-care decisions without a qualified clinician.
## Highlights - where DipaMed-1 leads
On [NigeriaMedQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/DipaHealth/NigeriaMedQA), DipaMed-1 **outperforms its base model on the Nigeria-specific clinical topics it was built for:**
| Topic | DipaMed-1 | Base Llama-3.1-8B | Improvement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health | **95.8%** | 87.5% | **+8.3** |
| Maternal emergencies | **90.6%** | 84.4% | **+6.2** |
| Drug availability | **72.8%** | 67.0% | **+5.8** |
| Hypertension | **68.5%** | 64.8% | **+3.7** |
| Tuberculosis-HIV | **82.4%** | 79.4% | **+3.0** |
| Lassa fever | **79.5%** | 76.9% | **+2.6** |
| Sickle cell disease | **81.8%** | 80.0% | **+1.8** |
| Outbreak diseases | **62.1%** | 60.3% | **+1.8** |
These are the diseases and decisions that matter most in Nigerian practice. Across the full benchmark, DipaMed-1 performs comparably to the base model overall (76.3% vs 77.0%), while delivering these gains where Nigerian specialisation counts.
## What makes it different
General medical models are trained on North American and European data. DipaMed-1 is grounded in **Nigerian** guidelines, giving Nigeria-appropriate answers a general model cannot: correct local first-line treatments, Essential-Medicines-List-aware choices, and NCDC/FMOH-aligned protocols.
## How it was built
| Stage | Purpose | Data |
|---|---|---|
| **Continued pretraining** | Absorb Nigerian medical knowledge | 156 million words of Nigerian biomedical text (PubMed abstracts, open-access PMC full-text, clinical guidelines); approx. 254M tokens |
| **Instruction tuning** | Learn to answer clinical questions | Q&A generated from and independently verified against real Nigerian guidelines, plus cleaned expert-created sources (PubMedQA, MedQA-USMLE, WikiDoc) |
Training used QLoRA (rank 16), a learning-rate sweep with model selection on a **held-out validation set**, and completion-only loss masking. The evaluation benchmark was kept fully uncontaminated and used only once for final scoring. The pretraining corpus is not released; its construction methodology is described in the accompanying paper.
## Usage
```python
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
model_id = "DipaHealth/DipaMed-1"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto")
tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
messages = [
{"role": "system", "content": "You are DipaMed-1, a clinical AI assistant grounded in Nigerian guidelines."},
{"role": "user", "content": "First-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in a non-pregnant adult in Nigeria?"},
]
input_ids = tok.apply_chat_template(messages, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
out = model.generate(input_ids=input_ids, max_new_tokens=256, do_sample=False, pad_token_id=tok.eos_token_id)
print(tok.decode(out[0][input_ids.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
## Recommended deployment: retrieve, then answer (RAG)
For production, wrap DipaMed-1 in a retrieval-augmented (RAG) pipeline over the Nigerian guidelines: retrieve the relevant passage, give it to the model, and have it answer **from that passage with a citation**. This substantially improves factual reliability, especially for exact drug doses where all language models are unreliable from memory, and lets the system cite its source. A dedicated DipaMed RAG service is planned as a separate release.
## Limitations and responsible use
- **Exact doses:** do not rely on DipaMed-1 for precise dosing without retrieval support; language models do not reliably memorise numeric dose tables.
- **Decision support only:** it assists clinicians and must not make autonomous clinical decisions.
- **Scale:** at 8B parameters it will not match frontier models on general medicine; its strength is Nigerian domain specialisation.
- **Errors and bias:** like all language models it can produce confident but incorrect answers; verify outputs against source guidelines.
- **Scope:** English, text-only in this version. Speech and Nigerian-language support are planned.
## Citation
```bibtex
@misc{dipamed2026,
title = {DipaMed-1: A Nigerian Guideline-Specialised Clinical Language Model},
author = {Ibhate, Destiny Ebhodaghe},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/DipaHealth/DipaMed-1}}
}
```
## Acknowledgements
Built on Meta Llama-3.1-8B. Evaluated with [NigeriaMedQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/DipaHealth/NigeriaMedQA). Grounded in FMOH and NCDC clinical guidelines.

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{{- bos_token }}
{%- if custom_tools is defined %}
{%- set tools = custom_tools %}
{%- endif %}
{%- if not tools_in_user_message is defined %}
{%- set tools_in_user_message = true %}
{%- endif %}
{%- if not date_string is defined %}
{%- set date_string = "26 Jul 2024" %}
{%- endif %}
{%- if not tools is defined %}
{%- set tools = none %}
{%- endif %}
{#- This block extracts the system message, so we can slot it into the right place. #}
{%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
{%- set system_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
{%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
{%- else %}
{%- set system_message = "" %}
{%- endif %}
{#- System message + builtin tools #}
{{- "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
{%- if builtin_tools is defined or tools is not none %}
{{- "Environment: ipython\n" }}
{%- endif %}
{%- if builtin_tools is defined %}
{{- "Tools: " + builtin_tools | reject('equalto', 'code_interpreter') | join(", ") + "\n\n"}}
{%- endif %}
{{- "Cutting Knowledge Date: December 2023\n" }}
{{- "Today Date: " + date_string + "\n\n" }}
{%- if tools is not none and not tools_in_user_message %}
{{- "You have access to the following functions. To call a function, please respond with JSON for a function call." }}
{{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
{{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
{%- for t in tools %}
{{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
{{- "\n\n" }}
{%- endfor %}
{%- endif %}
{{- system_message }}
{{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
{#- Custom tools are passed in a user message with some extra guidance #}
{%- if tools_in_user_message and not tools is none %}
{#- Extract the first user message so we can plug it in here #}
{%- if messages | length != 0 %}
{%- set first_user_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
{%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
{%- else %}
{{- raise_exception("Cannot put tools in the first user message when there's no first user message!") }}
{%- endif %}
{{- '<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
{{- "Given the following functions, please respond with a JSON for a function call " }}
{{- "with its proper arguments that best answers the given prompt.\n\n" }}
{{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
{{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
{%- for t in tools %}
{{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
{{- "\n\n" }}
{%- endfor %}
{{- first_user_message + "<|eot_id|>"}}
{%- endif %}
{%- for message in messages %}
{%- if not (message.role == 'ipython' or message.role == 'tool' or 'tool_calls' in message) %}
{{- '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' }}
{%- elif 'tool_calls' in message %}
{%- if not message.tool_calls|length == 1 %}
{{- raise_exception("This model only supports single tool-calls at once!") }}
{%- endif %}
{%- set tool_call = message.tool_calls[0].function %}
{%- if builtin_tools is defined and tool_call.name in builtin_tools %}
{{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
{{- "<|python_tag|>" + tool_call.name + ".call(" }}
{%- for arg_name, arg_val in tool_call.arguments | items %}
{{- arg_name + '="' + arg_val + '"' }}
{%- if not loop.last %}
{{- ", " }}
{%- endif %}
{%- endfor %}
{{- ")" }}
{%- else %}
{{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
{{- '{"name": "' + tool_call.name + '", ' }}
{{- '"parameters": ' }}
{{- tool_call.arguments | tojson }}
{{- "}" }}
{%- endif %}
{%- if builtin_tools is defined %}
{#- This means we're in ipython mode #}
{{- "<|eom_id|>" }}
{%- else %}
{{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
{%- endif %}
{%- elif message.role == "tool" or message.role == "ipython" %}
{{- "<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
{%- if message.content is mapping or message.content is iterable %}
{{- message.content | tojson }}
{%- else %}
{{- message.content }}
{%- endif %}
{{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
{%- endif %}
{%- endfor %}
{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
{{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' }}
{%- endif %}

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{
"architectures": [
"LlamaForCausalLM"
],
"attention_bias": false,
"attention_dropout": 0.0,
"bos_token_id": 128000,
"dtype": "bfloat16",
"eos_token_id": 128001,
"head_dim": 128,
"hidden_act": "silu",
"hidden_size": 4096,
"initializer_range": 0.02,
"intermediate_size": 14336,
"max_position_embeddings": 131072,
"mlp_bias": false,
"model_type": "llama",
"num_attention_heads": 32,
"num_hidden_layers": 32,
"num_key_value_heads": 8,
"pad_token_id": null,
"pretraining_tp": 1,
"rms_norm_eps": 1e-05,
"rope_parameters": {
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"high_freq_factor": 4.0,
"low_freq_factor": 1.0,
"original_max_position_embeddings": 8192,
"rope_theta": 500000.0,
"rope_type": "llama3"
},
"tie_word_embeddings": false,
"transformers_version": "5.13.0",
"use_cache": true,
"vocab_size": 128256
}

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{
"_from_model_config": true,
"bos_token_id": 128000,
"do_sample": true,
"eos_token_id": 128001,
"temperature": 0.6,
"top_p": 0.9,
"transformers_version": "5.13.0"
}

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{
"backend": "tokenizers",
"bos_token": "<|begin_of_text|>",
"clean_up_tokenization_spaces": true,
"eos_token": "<|eot_id|>",
"is_local": false,
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],
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