Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Consider the following "mixing problem." A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute. The differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank is given by
\[
x^{\prime}+\frac{r}{V} x-r c=0 .
\]
Suppose that the out-flow from this tank leads into another tank, also of volume 1 , and that at time $t=1$ the water in it has no salt in it. Again there is a mixer and an outflow. Write down a differential equation for the amount of salt in this second tank, as a function of time, assuming the amount of salt in the second tank at moment $t$ is given by $y(t)$, and the amount of salt in the first tank at moment $t$ is given by $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Consider the following "mixing problem." A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute. The differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank is given by
\[
x^{\prime}+\frac{r}{V} x-r c=0 .
\]
Suppose that the out-flow from this tank leads into another tank, also of volume 1 , and that at time $t=1$ the water in it has no salt in it. Again there is a mixer and an outflow. Write down a differential equation for the amount of salt in this second tank, as a function of time, assuming the amount of salt in the second tank at moment $t$ is given by $y(t)$, and the amount of salt in the first tank at moment $t$ is given by $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Consider the following "mixing problem." A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute. The differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank is given by
\[
x^{\prime}+\frac{r}{V} x-r c=0 .
\]
Suppose that the out-flow from this tank leads into another tank, also of volume 1 , and that at time $t=1$ the water in it has no salt in it. Again there is a mixer and an outflow. Write down a differential equation for the amount of salt in this second tank, as a function of time, assuming the amount of salt in the second tank at moment $t$ is given by $y(t)$, and the amount of salt in the first tank at moment $t$ is given by $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of $x^{2} y^{\prime}+2 x y=\sin (2 x)$, solving for $y$. Note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$. Additionally, note that the left hand side is the derivative of a product.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of $x^{2} y^{\prime}+2 x y=\sin (2 x)$, solving for $y$. Note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$. Additionally, note that the left hand side is the derivative of a product.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of $x^{2} y^{\prime}+2 x y=\sin (2 x)$, solving for $y$. Note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$. Additionally, note that the left hand side is the derivative of a product.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of $x^{2} y^{\prime}+2 x y=\sin (2 x)$, solving for $y$. Note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$. Additionally, note that the left hand side is the derivative of a product.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
An African government is trying to come up with good policy regarding the hunting of oryx. They are using the following model: the oryx population has a natural growth rate of $k$, and we suppose a constant harvesting rate of $a$ oryxes per year.
Write down an ordinary differential equation describing the evolution of the oryx population given the dynamics above, using $x(t)$ to denote the oryx population (the number of individual oryx(es)) at time $t$, measured in years.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
An African government is trying to come up with good policy regarding the hunting of oryx. They are using the following model: the oryx population has a natural growth rate of $k$, and we suppose a constant harvesting rate of $a$ oryxes per year.
Write down an ordinary differential equation describing the evolution of the oryx population given the dynamics above, using $x(t)$ to denote the oryx population (the number of individual oryx(es)) at time $t$, measured in years.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
An African government is trying to come up with good policy regarding the hunting of oryx. They are using the following model: the oryx population has a natural growth rate of $k$, and we suppose a constant harvesting rate of $a$ oryxes per year.
Write down an ordinary differential equation describing the evolution of the oryx population given the dynamics above, using $x(t)$ to denote the oryx population (the number of individual oryx(es)) at time $t$, measured in years.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
An African government is trying to come up with good policy regarding the hunting of oryx. They are using the following model: the oryx population has a natural growth rate of $k$, and we suppose a constant harvesting rate of $a$ oryxes per year.
Write down an ordinary differential equation describing the evolution of the oryx population given the dynamics above, using $x(t)$ to denote the oryx population (the number of individual oryx(es)) at time $t$, measured in years.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the magnitude of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the magnitude of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the magnitude of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the magnitude of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
In the polar representation $(r, \theta)$ of the complex number $z=1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is $r$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
In the polar representation $(r, \theta)$ of the complex number $z=1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is $r$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
In the polar representation $(r, \theta)$ of the complex number $z=1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is $r$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
In the polar representation $(r, \theta)$ of the complex number $z=1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is $r$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.

Solution: In standard form, $y^{\prime}+2 y=x$, so $u=C e^{2 x}$. Then $y=u^{-1} \int u x d x=e^{-2 x} \int x e^{2 x} d x$. Integrating by parts yields $\int x e^{2 x} d x=$ $\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{2} \int e^{2 x} d x=\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{4} e^{2 x}+c$. Therefore, $y=\boxed{x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $c$ does the straight line solution occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.

Solution: In standard form, $y^{\prime}+2 y=x$, so $u=C e^{2 x}$. Then $y=u^{-1} \int u x d x=e^{-2 x} \int x e^{2 x} d x$. Integrating by parts yields $\int x e^{2 x} d x=$ $\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{2} \int e^{2 x} d x=\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{4} e^{2 x}+c$. Therefore, $y=\boxed{x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $c$ does the straight line solution occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.

Solution: In standard form, $y^{\prime}+2 y=x$, so $u=C e^{2 x}$. Then $y=u^{-1} \int u x d x=e^{-2 x} \int x e^{2 x} d x$. Integrating by parts yields $\int x e^{2 x} d x=$ $\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{2} \int e^{2 x} d x=\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{4} e^{2 x}+c$. Therefore, $y=\boxed{x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $c$ does the straight line solution occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.

Solution: In standard form, $y^{\prime}+2 y=x$, so $u=C e^{2 x}$. Then $y=u^{-1} \int u x d x=e^{-2 x} \int x e^{2 x} d x$. Integrating by parts yields $\int x e^{2 x} d x=$ $\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{2} \int e^{2 x} d x=\frac{x}{2} e^{2 x}-\frac{1}{4} e^{2 x}+c$. Therefore, $y=\boxed{x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is x / 2-1 / 4+c e^{-2 x}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $c$ does the straight line solution occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems relate to applying Euler's Method (a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations with a given initial value) onto $y^{\prime}=y^{2}-x^{2}=F(x, y)$ at $y(0)=-1$, with $h=0.5$. Recall the notation \[x_{0}=0, y_{0}=-1, x_{n+1}=x_{h}+h, y_{n+1}=y_{n}+m_{n} h, m_{n}=F\left(x_{n}, y_{n}\right)\].

Use Euler's method to estimate the value at $x=1.5$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems relate to applying Euler's Method (a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations with a given initial value) onto $y^{\prime}=y^{2}-x^{2}=F(x, y)$ at $y(0)=-1$, with $h=0.5$. Recall the notation \[x_{0}=0, y_{0}=-1, x_{n+1}=x_{h}+h, y_{n+1}=y_{n}+m_{n} h, m_{n}=F\left(x_{n}, y_{n}\right)\].

Use Euler's method to estimate the value at $x=1.5$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems relate to applying Euler's Method (a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations with a given initial value) onto $y^{\prime}=y^{2}-x^{2}=F(x, y)$ at $y(0)=-1$, with $h=0.5$. Recall the notation \[x_{0}=0, y_{0}=-1, x_{n+1}=x_{h}+h, y_{n+1}=y_{n}+m_{n} h, m_{n}=F\left(x_{n}, y_{n}\right)\].

Use Euler's method to estimate the value at $x=1.5$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems relate to applying Euler's Method (a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations with a given initial value) onto $y^{\prime}=y^{2}-x^{2}=F(x, y)$ at $y(0)=-1$, with $h=0.5$. Recall the notation \[x_{0}=0, y_{0}=-1, x_{n+1}=x_{h}+h, y_{n+1}=y_{n}+m_{n} h, m_{n}=F\left(x_{n}, y_{n}\right)\].

Use Euler's method to estimate the value at $x=1.5$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $f(t) = \cos (2 t)+\sin (2 t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $f(t) = \cos (2 t)+\sin (2 t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $f(t) = \cos (2 t)+\sin (2 t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $f(t) = \cos (2 t)+\sin (2 t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 0$ and $\dot{x}(0)=1$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 0$ and $\dot{x}(0)=1$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 0$ and $\dot{x}(0)=1$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 0$ and $\dot{x}(0)=1$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$ satisfying the initial conditions $x(0)=x_{0}$ and $\dot{x}(0)=\dot{x}_{0}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant

x_{0} \cos (\omega t)+$ $\dot{x}_{0} \sin (\omega t) / \omega


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$ satisfying the initial conditions $x(0)=x_{0}$ and $\dot{x}(0)=\dot{x}_{0}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant

x_{0} \cos (\omega t)+$ $\dot{x}_{0} \sin (\omega t) / \omega


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$ satisfying the initial conditions $x(0)=x_{0}$ and $\dot{x}(0)=\dot{x}_{0}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant

x_{0} \cos (\omega t)+$ $\dot{x}_{0} \sin (\omega t) / \omega


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$ satisfying the initial conditions $x(0)=x_{0}$ and $\dot{x}(0)=\dot{x}_{0}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant

x_{0} \cos (\omega t)+$ $\dot{x}_{0} \sin (\omega t) / \omega


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the complex number $a+b i$ with the smallest possible positive $b$ such that $e^{a+b i}=1+\sqrt{3} i$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the complex number $a+b i$ with the smallest possible positive $b$ such that $e^{a+b i}=1+\sqrt{3} i$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the complex number $a+b i$ with the smallest possible positive $b$ such that $e^{a+b i}=1+\sqrt{3} i$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the complex number $a+b i$ with the smallest possible positive $b$ such that $e^{a+b i}=1+\sqrt{3} i$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.

Solution: We can use integrating factors to get $(u x)^{\prime}=u e^{t}$ for $u=e^{2 t}$. Integrating yields $e^{2 t} x=e^{3 t} / 3+c$, or $x=\boxed{\frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$ of the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.

Solution: We can use integrating factors to get $(u x)^{\prime}=u e^{t}$ for $u=e^{2 t}$. Integrating yields $e^{2 t} x=e^{3 t} / 3+c$, or $x=\boxed{\frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$ of the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.

Solution: We can use integrating factors to get $(u x)^{\prime}=u e^{t}$ for $u=e^{2 t}$. Integrating yields $e^{2 t} x=e^{3 t} / 3+c$, or $x=\boxed{\frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$ of the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.

Solution: We can use integrating factors to get $(u x)^{\prime}=u e^{t}$ for $u=e^{2 t}$. Integrating yields $e^{2 t} x=e^{3 t} / 3+c$, or $x=\boxed{\frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{t}} {3}+c e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$ of the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.

Solution: If $x=A \cos (\omega t)$, then taking derivatives gives us $\ddot{x}=-\omega^{2} A \cos (\omega t)$, and $\ddot{x}+4 x=\left(4-\omega^{2}\right) A \cos (\omega t)$. Then $A=\boxed{\frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $\omega$ does resonance occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.

Solution: If $x=A \cos (\omega t)$, then taking derivatives gives us $\ddot{x}=-\omega^{2} A \cos (\omega t)$, and $\ddot{x}+4 x=\left(4-\omega^{2}\right) A \cos (\omega t)$. Then $A=\boxed{\frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $\omega$ does resonance occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.

Solution: If $x=A \cos (\omega t)$, then taking derivatives gives us $\ddot{x}=-\omega^{2} A \cos (\omega t)$, and $\ddot{x}+4 x=\left(4-\omega^{2}\right) A \cos (\omega t)$. Then $A=\boxed{\frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $\omega$ does resonance occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.

Solution: If $x=A \cos (\omega t)$, then taking derivatives gives us $\ddot{x}=-\omega^{2} A \cos (\omega t)$, and $\ddot{x}+4 x=\left(4-\omega^{2}\right) A \cos (\omega t)$. Then $A=\boxed{\frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{1}{4-\omega^{2}}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $\omega$ does resonance occur?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.

Solution: We choose an exponential input function whose real part is $\cos (2 t)$, namely $e^{2 i t}$. Since $p(s)=s^{4}-1$ and $p(2 i)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula yields the solution $\frac{e^{2 i t}}{15}$. A sinusoidal solution to the original equation is given by the real part: $\boxed{\frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.

Solution: We choose an exponential input function whose real part is $\cos (2 t)$, namely $e^{2 i t}$. Since $p(s)=s^{4}-1$ and $p(2 i)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula yields the solution $\frac{e^{2 i t}}{15}$. A sinusoidal solution to the original equation is given by the real part: $\boxed{\frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.

Solution: We choose an exponential input function whose real part is $\cos (2 t)$, namely $e^{2 i t}$. Since $p(s)=s^{4}-1$ and $p(2 i)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula yields the solution $\frac{e^{2 i t}}{15}$. A sinusoidal solution to the original equation is given by the real part: $\boxed{\frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.

Solution: We choose an exponential input function whose real part is $\cos (2 t)$, namely $e^{2 i t}$. Since $p(s)=s^{4}-1$ and $p(2 i)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula yields the solution $\frac{e^{2 i t}}{15}$. A sinusoidal solution to the original equation is given by the real part: $\boxed{\frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{\cos (2 t)}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
For $\omega \geq 0$, find $A$ such that $A \cos (\omega t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (\omega t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to $\dot{x}+2 x=\cos (2 t)$ in the form $k_0\left[f(k_1t) + g(k_2t)\right]$, where $f, g$ are trigonometric functions.  Do not include homogeneous solutions to this ODE in your solution.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to $\dot{x}+2 x=\cos (2 t)$ in the form $k_0\left[f(k_1t) + g(k_2t)\right]$, where $f, g$ are trigonometric functions.  Do not include homogeneous solutions to this ODE in your solution.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to $\dot{x}+2 x=\cos (2 t)$ in the form $k_0\left[f(k_1t) + g(k_2t)\right]$, where $f, g$ are trigonometric functions.  Do not include homogeneous solutions to this ODE in your solution.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution to $\dot{x}+2 x=\cos (2 t)$ in the form $k_0\left[f(k_1t) + g(k_2t)\right]$, where $f, g$ are trigonometric functions.  Do not include homogeneous solutions to this ODE in your solution.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime}=x-2 y$ analytically using integrating factors, solving for $y$. Note that a function $u(t)$ such that $u \dot{x}+u p x=\frac{d}{d t}(u x)$ is an integrating factor. Additionally, note that a general solution to a differential equation has the form $x=x_{p}+c x_{h}$ where $x_{h}$ is a nonzero solution of the homogeneous equation $\dot{x}+p x=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.

Solution: The characteristic polynomial of the homogeneous equation is given by $p(s)=$ $s^{4}-1$. Since $p(-2)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula gives the solution $\frac{e^{-2 t}}{p(-2)}=\boxed{\frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.

Solution: The characteristic polynomial of the homogeneous equation is given by $p(s)=$ $s^{4}-1$. Since $p(-2)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula gives the solution $\frac{e^{-2 t}}{p(-2)}=\boxed{\frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.

Solution: The characteristic polynomial of the homogeneous equation is given by $p(s)=$ $s^{4}-1$. Since $p(-2)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula gives the solution $\frac{e^{-2 t}}{p(-2)}=\boxed{\frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.

Solution: The characteristic polynomial of the homogeneous equation is given by $p(s)=$ $s^{4}-1$. Since $p(-2)=15 \neq 0$, the exponential response formula gives the solution $\frac{e^{-2 t}}{p(-2)}=\boxed{\frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}}$.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{-2 t}}{15}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find the general solution to $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$, denoting constants as $C_{1}, C_{2}, C_{3}, C_{4}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$. \\

A differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$ (where $m, b$, and $k$ are real constants, and $m \neq 0$ ) has corresponding characteristic polynomial $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$.\\
What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$. \\

A differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$ (where $m, b$, and $k$ are real constants, and $m \neq 0$ ) has corresponding characteristic polynomial $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$.\\
What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$. \\

A differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$ (where $m, b$, and $k$ are real constants, and $m \neq 0$ ) has corresponding characteristic polynomial $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$.\\
What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the differential equation $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$. \\

A differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$ (where $m, b$, and $k$ are real constants, and $m \neq 0$ ) has corresponding characteristic polynomial $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$.\\
What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+\omega^{2} x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\cos (\pi t)-\sqrt{3} \sin (\pi t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\cos (\pi t)-\sqrt{3} \sin (\pi t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\cos (\pi t)-\sqrt{3} \sin (\pi t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\cos (\pi t)-\sqrt{3} \sin (\pi t)$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the damped sinusoid $x(t)=A e^{-a t} \cos (\omega t)$.

What is the spacing between successive maxima of $x(t)$? Assume that $\omega \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the damped sinusoid $x(t)=A e^{-a t} \cos (\omega t)$.

What is the spacing between successive maxima of $x(t)$? Assume that $\omega \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the damped sinusoid $x(t)=A e^{-a t} \cos (\omega t)$.

What is the spacing between successive maxima of $x(t)$? Assume that $\omega \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the damped sinusoid $x(t)=A e^{-a t} \cos (\omega t)$.

What is the spacing between successive maxima of $x(t)$? Assume that $\omega \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a spring/mass/dashpot system driven through the spring modeled by the equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=k y$. Here $x$ measures the position of the mass, $y$ measures the position of the other end of the spring, and $x=y$ when the spring is relaxed.

In this system, regard $y(t)$ as the input signal and $x(t)$ as the system response. Take $m=1, b=3, k=4, y(t)=A \cos t$. Replace the input signal by a complex exponential $y_{c x}(t)$ of which it is the real part, and compute the exponential ("steady state") system response $z_p(t)$; leave your answer in terms of complex exponentials, i.e. do not take the real part.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a spring/mass/dashpot system driven through the spring modeled by the equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=k y$. Here $x$ measures the position of the mass, $y$ measures the position of the other end of the spring, and $x=y$ when the spring is relaxed.

In this system, regard $y(t)$ as the input signal and $x(t)$ as the system response. Take $m=1, b=3, k=4, y(t)=A \cos t$. Replace the input signal by a complex exponential $y_{c x}(t)$ of which it is the real part, and compute the exponential ("steady state") system response $z_p(t)$; leave your answer in terms of complex exponentials, i.e. do not take the real part.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a spring/mass/dashpot system driven through the spring modeled by the equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=k y$. Here $x$ measures the position of the mass, $y$ measures the position of the other end of the spring, and $x=y$ when the spring is relaxed.

In this system, regard $y(t)$ as the input signal and $x(t)$ as the system response. Take $m=1, b=3, k=4, y(t)=A \cos t$. Replace the input signal by a complex exponential $y_{c x}(t)$ of which it is the real part, and compute the exponential ("steady state") system response $z_p(t)$; leave your answer in terms of complex exponentials, i.e. do not take the real part.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a spring/mass/dashpot system driven through the spring modeled by the equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=k y$. Here $x$ measures the position of the mass, $y$ measures the position of the other end of the spring, and $x=y$ when the spring is relaxed.

In this system, regard $y(t)$ as the input signal and $x(t)$ as the system response. Take $m=1, b=3, k=4, y(t)=A \cos t$. Replace the input signal by a complex exponential $y_{c x}(t)$ of which it is the real part, and compute the exponential ("steady state") system response $z_p(t)$; leave your answer in terms of complex exponentials, i.e. do not take the real part.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a circuit with the following parameters. Denote by $I(t)$ the current (where the positive direction is, say, clockwise) in the circuit and by $V(t)$ the voltage increase across the voltage source, at time $t$. Denote by $R$ the resistance of the resistor and $C$ the capacitance of the capacitor (in units which we will not specify)-both positive numbers. Then
\[
R \dot{I}+\frac{1}{C} I=\dot{V}
\]

Suppose that $V$ is constant, $V(t)=V_{0}$. Solve for $I(t)$, with initial condition $I(0)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a circuit with the following parameters. Denote by $I(t)$ the current (where the positive direction is, say, clockwise) in the circuit and by $V(t)$ the voltage increase across the voltage source, at time $t$. Denote by $R$ the resistance of the resistor and $C$ the capacitance of the capacitor (in units which we will not specify)-both positive numbers. Then
\[
R \dot{I}+\frac{1}{C} I=\dot{V}
\]

Suppose that $V$ is constant, $V(t)=V_{0}$. Solve for $I(t)$, with initial condition $I(0)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a circuit with the following parameters. Denote by $I(t)$ the current (where the positive direction is, say, clockwise) in the circuit and by $V(t)$ the voltage increase across the voltage source, at time $t$. Denote by $R$ the resistance of the resistor and $C$ the capacitance of the capacitor (in units which we will not specify)-both positive numbers. Then
\[
R \dot{I}+\frac{1}{C} I=\dot{V}
\]

Suppose that $V$ is constant, $V(t)=V_{0}$. Solve for $I(t)$, with initial condition $I(0)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to a circuit with the following parameters. Denote by $I(t)$ the current (where the positive direction is, say, clockwise) in the circuit and by $V(t)$ the voltage increase across the voltage source, at time $t$. Denote by $R$ the resistance of the resistor and $C$ the capacitance of the capacitor (in units which we will not specify)-both positive numbers. Then
\[
R \dot{I}+\frac{1}{C} I=\dot{V}
\]

Suppose that $V$ is constant, $V(t)=V_{0}$. Solve for $I(t)$, with initial condition $I(0)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.

Solution: Using integrating factors, we get $e^{2 t} z=e^{(2+2 i) t} /(2+2 i)+C$, or $z=\boxed{\frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}}$, where $C$ is any complex number.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$ in the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.

Solution: Using integrating factors, we get $e^{2 t} z=e^{(2+2 i) t} /(2+2 i)+C$, or $z=\boxed{\frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}}$, where $C$ is any complex number.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$ in the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.

Solution: Using integrating factors, we get $e^{2 t} z=e^{(2+2 i) t} /(2+2 i)+C$, or $z=\boxed{\frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}}$, where $C$ is any complex number.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$ in the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Subproblem 0: Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.

Solution: Using integrating factors, we get $e^{2 t} z=e^{(2+2 i) t} /(2+2 i)+C$, or $z=\boxed{\frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}}$, where $C$ is any complex number.

Final answer: The final answer is \frac{e^{2 i t}}{(2+2 i)}+C e^{-2 t}. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Find a solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$ in the form $w e^{t}$, where $w$ is a constant (which you should find).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems consider a second order mass/spring/dashpot system driven by a force $F_{\text {ext }}$ acting directly on the mass: $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=F_{\text {ext }}$. So the input signal is $F_{\text {ext }}$ and the system response is $x$. We're interested in sinusoidal input signal, $F_{\text {ext }}(t)=A \cos (\omega t)$, and in the steady state, sinusoidal system response, $x_{p}(t)=g A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. Here $g$ is the gain of the system and $\phi$ is the phase lag. Both depend upon $\omega$, and we will consider how that is the case. \\
Take $A=1$, so the amplitude of the system response equals the gain, and take $m=1, b=\frac{1}{4}$, and $k=2$.\\

Compute the complex gain $H(\omega)$ of this system. (This means: make the complex replacement $F_{\mathrm{cx}}=e^{i \omega t}$, and express the exponential system response $z_{p}$ as a complex multiple of $F_{\mathrm{cx}}, i.e. z_{p}=H(\omega) F_{\mathrm{cx}}$).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems consider a second order mass/spring/dashpot system driven by a force $F_{\text {ext }}$ acting directly on the mass: $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=F_{\text {ext }}$. So the input signal is $F_{\text {ext }}$ and the system response is $x$. We're interested in sinusoidal input signal, $F_{\text {ext }}(t)=A \cos (\omega t)$, and in the steady state, sinusoidal system response, $x_{p}(t)=g A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. Here $g$ is the gain of the system and $\phi$ is the phase lag. Both depend upon $\omega$, and we will consider how that is the case. \\
Take $A=1$, so the amplitude of the system response equals the gain, and take $m=1, b=\frac{1}{4}$, and $k=2$.\\

Compute the complex gain $H(\omega)$ of this system. (This means: make the complex replacement $F_{\mathrm{cx}}=e^{i \omega t}$, and express the exponential system response $z_{p}$ as a complex multiple of $F_{\mathrm{cx}}, i.e. z_{p}=H(\omega) F_{\mathrm{cx}}$).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems consider a second order mass/spring/dashpot system driven by a force $F_{\text {ext }}$ acting directly on the mass: $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=F_{\text {ext }}$. So the input signal is $F_{\text {ext }}$ and the system response is $x$. We're interested in sinusoidal input signal, $F_{\text {ext }}(t)=A \cos (\omega t)$, and in the steady state, sinusoidal system response, $x_{p}(t)=g A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. Here $g$ is the gain of the system and $\phi$ is the phase lag. Both depend upon $\omega$, and we will consider how that is the case. \\
Take $A=1$, so the amplitude of the system response equals the gain, and take $m=1, b=\frac{1}{4}$, and $k=2$.\\

Compute the complex gain $H(\omega)$ of this system. (This means: make the complex replacement $F_{\mathrm{cx}}=e^{i \omega t}$, and express the exponential system response $z_{p}$ as a complex multiple of $F_{\mathrm{cx}}, i.e. z_{p}=H(\omega) F_{\mathrm{cx}}$).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems consider a second order mass/spring/dashpot system driven by a force $F_{\text {ext }}$ acting directly on the mass: $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=F_{\text {ext }}$. So the input signal is $F_{\text {ext }}$ and the system response is $x$. We're interested in sinusoidal input signal, $F_{\text {ext }}(t)=A \cos (\omega t)$, and in the steady state, sinusoidal system response, $x_{p}(t)=g A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. Here $g$ is the gain of the system and $\phi$ is the phase lag. Both depend upon $\omega$, and we will consider how that is the case. \\
Take $A=1$, so the amplitude of the system response equals the gain, and take $m=1, b=\frac{1}{4}$, and $k=2$.\\

Compute the complex gain $H(\omega)$ of this system. (This means: make the complex replacement $F_{\mathrm{cx}}=e^{i \omega t}$, and express the exponential system response $z_{p}$ as a complex multiple of $F_{\mathrm{cx}}, i.e. z_{p}=H(\omega) F_{\mathrm{cx}}$).
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the following "mixing problem": A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute.

Write down the differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank in standard linear form. [Not the concentration!] Use the notation $x(t)$ for the number of grams of salt in the tank at time $t$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the following "mixing problem": A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute.

Write down the differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank in standard linear form. [Not the concentration!] Use the notation $x(t)$ for the number of grams of salt in the tank at time $t$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the following "mixing problem": A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute.

Write down the differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank in standard linear form. [Not the concentration!] Use the notation $x(t)$ for the number of grams of salt in the tank at time $t$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the following "mixing problem": A tank holds $V$ liters of salt water. Suppose that a saline solution with concentration of $c \mathrm{gm} /$ liter is added at the rate of $r$ liters/minute. A mixer keeps the salt essentially uniformly distributed in the tank. A pipe lets solution out of the tank at the same rate of $r$ liters/minute.

Write down the differential equation for the amount of salt in the tank in standard linear form. [Not the concentration!] Use the notation $x(t)$ for the number of grams of salt in the tank at time $t$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the polynomial solution of $\ddot{x}-x=t^{2}+t+1$, solving for $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the polynomial solution of $\ddot{x}-x=t^{2}+t+1$, solving for $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the polynomial solution of $\ddot{x}-x=t^{2}+t+1$, solving for $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the polynomial solution of $\ddot{x}-x=t^{2}+t+1$, solving for $x(t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely sinusoidal solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=\cos (2 t)$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (2 t)$, solving for $x(t)$, by using the ERF on a complex replacement. The ERF (Exponential Response Formula) states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{e^{r t}}{p(r)}$, as long as $\left.p (r\right) \neq 0$). The ERF with resonance assumes that $p(r)=0$ and states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{t e^{r t}}{p^{\prime}(r)}$, as long as $\left.p^{\prime} ( r\right) \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (2 t)$, solving for $x(t)$, by using the ERF on a complex replacement. The ERF (Exponential Response Formula) states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{e^{r t}}{p(r)}$, as long as $\left.p (r\right) \neq 0$). The ERF with resonance assumes that $p(r)=0$ and states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{t e^{r t}}{p^{\prime}(r)}$, as long as $\left.p^{\prime} ( r\right) \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (2 t)$, solving for $x(t)$, by using the ERF on a complex replacement. The ERF (Exponential Response Formula) states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{e^{r t}}{p(r)}$, as long as $\left.p (r\right) \neq 0$). The ERF with resonance assumes that $p(r)=0$ and states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{t e^{r t}}{p^{\prime}(r)}$, as long as $\left.p^{\prime} ( r\right) \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\cos (2 t)$, solving for $x(t)$, by using the ERF on a complex replacement. The ERF (Exponential Response Formula) states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{e^{r t}}{p(r)}$, as long as $\left.p (r\right) \neq 0$). The ERF with resonance assumes that $p(r)=0$ and states that a solution to $p(D) x=A e^{r t}$ is given by $x_{p}=A \frac{t e^{r t}}{p^{\prime}(r)}$, as long as $\left.p^{\prime} ( r\right) \neq 0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 1$ and $\dot{x}(0)=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 1$ and $\dot{x}(0)=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 1$ and $\dot{x}(0)=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Given the ordinary differential equation $\ddot{x}-a^{2} x=0$, where $a$ is a nonzero real-valued constant, find a solution $x(t)$ to this equation such that $x(0) = 1$ and $\dot{x}(0)=0$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general solution of the differential equation $\dot{x}+2 x=e^{t}$, using $c$ for the arbitrary constant of integration which will occur.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+3 \dot{x}+2 x=t e^{-t}$ in the form $x(t)=u(t) e^{-t}$ for some function $u(t)$.  Use $C$ for an arbitrary constant, should it arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+3 \dot{x}+2 x=t e^{-t}$ in the form $x(t)=u(t) e^{-t}$ for some function $u(t)$.  Use $C$ for an arbitrary constant, should it arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+3 \dot{x}+2 x=t e^{-t}$ in the form $x(t)=u(t) e^{-t}$ for some function $u(t)$.  Use $C$ for an arbitrary constant, should it arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a solution of $\ddot{x}+3 \dot{x}+2 x=t e^{-t}$ in the form $x(t)=u(t) e^{-t}$ for some function $u(t)$.  Use $C$ for an arbitrary constant, should it arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the real part of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the real part of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the real part of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
If the complex number $z$ is given by $z = 1+\sqrt{3} i$, what is the real part of $z^2$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find a purely exponential solution of $\frac{d^{4} x}{d t^{4}}-x=e^{-2 t}$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Subproblem 0: Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.

Solution: We can find this by brute force. If $x=A \sin (3 t)$, then $\ddot{x}=-9 A \sin (3 t)$, so $\ddot{x}+4 x=-5 A \sin (3 t)$. Therefore, when $A=\boxed{-0.2}, x_{p}(t)=-\sin (3 t) / 5$ is a solution of the given equation.

Final answer: The final answer is -0.2. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the general solution, in the form $f_0(t) + C_1f_1(t) + C_2f_2(t)$, where $C_1, C_2$ denote arbitrary constants?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Subproblem 0: Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.

Solution: We can find this by brute force. If $x=A \sin (3 t)$, then $\ddot{x}=-9 A \sin (3 t)$, so $\ddot{x}+4 x=-5 A \sin (3 t)$. Therefore, when $A=\boxed{-0.2}, x_{p}(t)=-\sin (3 t) / 5$ is a solution of the given equation.

Final answer: The final answer is -0.2. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the general solution, in the form $f_0(t) + C_1f_1(t) + C_2f_2(t)$, where $C_1, C_2$ denote arbitrary constants?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Subproblem 0: Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.

Solution: We can find this by brute force. If $x=A \sin (3 t)$, then $\ddot{x}=-9 A \sin (3 t)$, so $\ddot{x}+4 x=-5 A \sin (3 t)$. Therefore, when $A=\boxed{-0.2}, x_{p}(t)=-\sin (3 t) / 5$ is a solution of the given equation.

Final answer: The final answer is -0.2. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the general solution, in the form $f_0(t) + C_1f_1(t) + C_2f_2(t)$, where $C_1, C_2$ denote arbitrary constants?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation. $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$

Subproblem 0: Find $A$ so that $A \sin (3 t)$ is a solution of $\ddot{x}+4 x=\sin (3 t)$.

Solution: We can find this by brute force. If $x=A \sin (3 t)$, then $\ddot{x}=-9 A \sin (3 t)$, so $\ddot{x}+4 x=-5 A \sin (3 t)$. Therefore, when $A=\boxed{-0.2}, x_{p}(t)=-\sin (3 t) / 5$ is a solution of the given equation.

Final answer: The final answer is -0.2. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is the general solution, in the form $f_0(t) + C_1f_1(t) + C_2f_2(t)$, where $C_1, C_2$ denote arbitrary constants?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
What is the smallest possible positive $k$ such that all functions $x(t)=A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$---where $\phi$ is an odd multiple of $k$---satisfy $x(0)=0$? \\
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
What is the smallest possible positive $k$ such that all functions $x(t)=A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$---where $\phi$ is an odd multiple of $k$---satisfy $x(0)=0$? \\
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
What is the smallest possible positive $k$ such that all functions $x(t)=A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$---where $\phi$ is an odd multiple of $k$---satisfy $x(0)=0$? \\
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
What is the smallest possible positive $k$ such that all functions $x(t)=A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$---where $\phi$ is an odd multiple of $k$---satisfy $x(0)=0$? \\
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

Subproblem 0: What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.

Solution: We can write $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)=\operatorname{Re} e^{(-1 / 2 \pm 3 i) t}$, so $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$ has solutions $-\frac{1}{2} \pm 3 i$. This means $p(s)=m(s+1 / 2-3 i)(s+1 / 2+3 i)=m\left(s^{2}+s+\frac{37}{4}\right)$. Then $b=\boxed{m}$,

Final answer: The final answer is m. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is $k$ in terms of $m$? Write $k$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

Subproblem 0: What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.

Solution: We can write $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)=\operatorname{Re} e^{(-1 / 2 \pm 3 i) t}$, so $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$ has solutions $-\frac{1}{2} \pm 3 i$. This means $p(s)=m(s+1 / 2-3 i)(s+1 / 2+3 i)=m\left(s^{2}+s+\frac{37}{4}\right)$. Then $b=\boxed{m}$,

Final answer: The final answer is m. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is $k$ in terms of $m$? Write $k$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

Subproblem 0: What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.

Solution: We can write $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)=\operatorname{Re} e^{(-1 / 2 \pm 3 i) t}$, so $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$ has solutions $-\frac{1}{2} \pm 3 i$. This means $p(s)=m(s+1 / 2-3 i)(s+1 / 2+3 i)=m\left(s^{2}+s+\frac{37}{4}\right)$. Then $b=\boxed{m}$,

Final answer: The final answer is m. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is $k$ in terms of $m$? Write $k$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the exponential function $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)$, which we will assume is a solution of the differential equation $m \ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+k x=0$.

Subproblem 0: What is $b$ in terms of $m$? Write $b$ as a constant times a function of $m$.

Solution: We can write $e^{-t / 2} \cos (3 t)=\operatorname{Re} e^{(-1 / 2 \pm 3 i) t}$, so $p(s)=m s^{2}+b s+k$ has solutions $-\frac{1}{2} \pm 3 i$. This means $p(s)=m(s+1 / 2-3 i)(s+1 / 2+3 i)=m\left(s^{2}+s+\frac{37}{4}\right)$. Then $b=\boxed{m}$,

Final answer: The final answer is m. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: What is $k$ in terms of $m$? Write $k$ as a constant times a function of $m$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-8}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -8. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: Rewrite $e^{4(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-8}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -8. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: Rewrite $e^{4(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-8}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -8. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: Rewrite $e^{4(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: In the following problems, take $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$.

Subproblem 0: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{a+b i}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: Using Euler's formula, we find that the answer is $\boxed{1+\sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is 1+\sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Given $a = \ln 2$ and $b = \pi / 3$, rewrite $e^{2(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-2+2 \sqrt{3} i}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -2+2 \sqrt{3} i. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 2: Rewrite $e^{3(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.

Solution: $e^{n(a+b i)}=(1+\sqrt{3} i)^{n}$, so the answer is $\boxed{-8}$.

Final answer: The final answer is -8. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 3: Rewrite $e^{4(a+b i)}$ in the form $x + yi$, where $x, y$ are real numbers.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\operatorname{Re} \frac{e^{i t}}{2+2 i}$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\operatorname{Re} \frac{e^{i t}}{2+2 i}$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\operatorname{Re} \frac{e^{i t}}{2+2 i}$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Rewrite the function $\operatorname{Re} \frac{e^{i t}}{2+2 i}$ in the form $A \cos (\omega t-\phi)$. It may help to begin by drawing a right triangle with sides $a$ and $b$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

Subproblem 0: What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?

Solution: The characteristic polynomial is $p(s)=\boxed{s^{2}+b s+1}$.

Final answer: The final answer is s^{2}+b s+1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $b$ does $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$ exhibit critical damping?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

Subproblem 0: What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?

Solution: The characteristic polynomial is $p(s)=\boxed{s^{2}+b s+1}$.

Final answer: The final answer is s^{2}+b s+1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $b$ does $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$ exhibit critical damping?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

Subproblem 0: What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?

Solution: The characteristic polynomial is $p(s)=\boxed{s^{2}+b s+1}$.

Final answer: The final answer is s^{2}+b s+1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $b$ does $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$ exhibit critical damping?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: The following subproblems refer to the differential equation $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$.\\

Subproblem 0: What is the characteristic polynomial $p(s)$ of $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$?

Solution: The characteristic polynomial is $p(s)=\boxed{s^{2}+b s+1}$.

Final answer: The final answer is s^{2}+b s+1. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: For what value of $b$ does $\ddot{x}+b \dot{x}+x=0$ exhibit critical damping?
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Find the general (complex-valued) solution of the differential equation $\dot{z}+2 z=e^{2 i t}$, using $C$ to stand for any complex-valued integration constants which may arise.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Subproblem 0: Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.

Solution: Rise and Settling Times.  We are given the first-order transfer function
\[
H(s)=\frac{1}{\tau s+1}
\]
The response to a unit step with zero initial conditions will be \(y(t)=1-e^{-t / \tau}\). To determine the amount of time it take \(y\) to settle to within \(\Delta\) of its final value, we want to find the time \(t_{s}\) such that \(y\left(t_{s}\right)=1-\Delta\). Thus, we obtain
\[
\begin{aligned}
&\Delta=e^{-t_{s} / \tau} \\
&t_{s}=\boxed{-\tau \ln \Delta}
\end{aligned}
\]

Final answer: The final answer is -\tau \ln \Delta. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Derive an expression for the \(10-90 \%\) rise time \(t_{r}\) in terms of $\tau$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Subproblem 0: Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.

Solution: Rise and Settling Times.  We are given the first-order transfer function
\[
H(s)=\frac{1}{\tau s+1}
\]
The response to a unit step with zero initial conditions will be \(y(t)=1-e^{-t / \tau}\). To determine the amount of time it take \(y\) to settle to within \(\Delta\) of its final value, we want to find the time \(t_{s}\) such that \(y\left(t_{s}\right)=1-\Delta\). Thus, we obtain
\[
\begin{aligned}
&\Delta=e^{-t_{s} / \tau} \\
&t_{s}=\boxed{-\tau \ln \Delta}
\end{aligned}
\]

Final answer: The final answer is -\tau \ln \Delta. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Derive an expression for the \(10-90 \%\) rise time \(t_{r}\) in terms of $\tau$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Subproblem 0: Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.

Solution: Rise and Settling Times.  We are given the first-order transfer function
\[
H(s)=\frac{1}{\tau s+1}
\]
The response to a unit step with zero initial conditions will be \(y(t)=1-e^{-t / \tau}\). To determine the amount of time it take \(y\) to settle to within \(\Delta\) of its final value, we want to find the time \(t_{s}\) such that \(y\left(t_{s}\right)=1-\Delta\). Thus, we obtain
\[
\begin{aligned}
&\Delta=e^{-t_{s} / \tau} \\
&t_{s}=\boxed{-\tau \ln \Delta}
\end{aligned}
\]

Final answer: The final answer is -\tau \ln \Delta. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Derive an expression for the \(10-90 \%\) rise time \(t_{r}\) in terms of $\tau$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: Consider the first-order system
\[
\tau \dot{y}+y=u
\]
driven with a unit step from zero initial conditions. The input to this system is \(u\) and the output is \(y\).

Subproblem 0: Derive and expression for the settling time \(t_{s}\), where the settling is to within an error \(\pm \Delta\) from the final value of 1.

Solution: Rise and Settling Times.  We are given the first-order transfer function
\[
H(s)=\frac{1}{\tau s+1}
\]
The response to a unit step with zero initial conditions will be \(y(t)=1-e^{-t / \tau}\). To determine the amount of time it take \(y\) to settle to within \(\Delta\) of its final value, we want to find the time \(t_{s}\) such that \(y\left(t_{s}\right)=1-\Delta\). Thus, we obtain
\[
\begin{aligned}
&\Delta=e^{-t_{s} / \tau} \\
&t_{s}=\boxed{-\tau \ln \Delta}
\end{aligned}
\]

Final answer: The final answer is -\tau \ln \Delta. I hope it is correct.

Subproblem 1: Derive an expression for the \(10-90 \%\) rise time \(t_{r}\) in terms of $\tau$.
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant


Prompt:
<|im_start|>user
Preamble: For each of the functions $y(t)$, find the Laplace Transform $Y(s)$ :

$y(t)=e^{-a t}$
Please reason step by step, and put your final answer within \boxed{{}}.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant